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Land cover classification is critical in various fields, including environmental monitoring, urban planning, and ecological assessment, facilitating informed decision-making processes. Traditional land cover classification methods often involve labor-intensive and time-consuming processes, relying on manual intervention and predefined algorithms. The emergence of deep learning techniques, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), offers a promising solution to automate this process, albeit with complexities in implementation. This study addresses the limitations of existing Geographic Information System (GIS) software and plugins by proposing a novel approach utilizing the Pix2Pix architecture, a type of CNN, for automated land cover classification. The proposed Land Classification Plugin (LCP) integrates seamlessly with QGIS, offering an end-to-end solution for generating classified static maps. The methodology involves preprocessing data, utilizing the Pix2Pix model for image segmentation, and post-processing to produce georeferenced outputs. The development of the LCP involved extensive software and hardware configurations, including essential components like GDAL/OGR, PyTorch, and OpenCV. The plugin's architecture comprises a user-friendly interface for region selection, clipping, and classification aided by the Pix2Pix model. A layout manager feature also allows for the creation of composite maps for enhanced visualization. The accuracy assessment of the LCP demonstrated an overall accuracy of 83.40% across diverse land cover classes, indicating its efficacy in classification tasks. The plugin's capabilities offer significant potential for applications in land management, environmental surveillance, and urban planning, revolutionizing current practices in land cover classification within the realm of GIS software.

The digitization of maps poses a significant challenge for GIS operators and engineers, particularly in encoding bearings and distances into GIS software. This study, titled “Circinus: An AI-Based Technical Description Plotting,” represents a substantial advancement in the digitization process of land records. Leveraging artificial intelligence, this application enhances the efficiency of digitizing land survey maps, potentially surpassing the laborious manual input required for geographic information. By expediting the encoding process of scanned maps, the application enhances the accessibility and availability of digital land records. This advancement holds considerable benefits for effective land asset planning and improved financial operations, particularly benefiting prospective homebuyers and landowners. The tool offers streamlined encoding through its semi-automated features, facilitating ease of use. Additionally, its optimization features have the potential to significantly enhance the productivity of engineers and GIS operators involved in encoding scanned land survey maps.

Robust geomechanical characterisation of shale reservoirs is necessary for safe and economic resource exploitation but there is still a lack of mechanical data on well-characterised shale, partly due to the difficulties of obtaining high quality core samples for laboratory testing. The composition of shale also presents challenges when attempting to constrain the mechanical response. Multi-scale homogenisation techniques have recently been used to predict the macroscopic behaviour of shales based on quantitative mineralogical descriptions. However, there is a considerable amount of uncertainty associated with some key inputs into these homogenisation schemes. In particular, the organic matter of shale encompasses a range of scales, from nanometre to micrometre-size material, and its mechanical properties are not well understood. Here, PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping (PF-QNM), a recently developed form of atomic force microscopy (AFM), is combined with nanoindentation testing to characterise the mechanical response of the organic matter and clay phases of Posidonia shale from north-west Germany. The nanoscale testing revealed a clear peak in the histograms of the reduced elastic modulus, which can be attributed to kerogen in the shale matrix. Upscaling of the mechanical properties through homogenisation showed a reasonable prediction when compared with experimental data, including capturing the inherent anisotropy of the shale response. The influence of factors such as the volume fraction of silt inclusions and the applicability of different homogenisation formulations warrant further investigation.

Spinel-type InGaMgO4 with a = 8.56615(3) Å was prepared by treating layered YbFe2O4-type InGaMgO4 at 6 GPa and 1473 K. DFT calculation and Rietveld analysis of synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data revealed the inverse spinel structure with In3+:Ga3+/Mg2+ = 0.726:0.274 in the tetrahedral site and 0.137:0.863 in the octahedral site. InGaMgO4 spinel is an insulator with an experimental band gap of 2.80 eV, and the attempt at hole doping by post-annealing in a reducing atmosphere to introduce an oxygen defect was unsuccessful. This is the first report of the bulk synthesis of AB2O4 compounds with both YbFe2O4 and spinel polymorphs.

Antecedentes: los varones presentan niveles de consumo de drogas más altos que las mujeres. Al ser un grupo en crecimiento necesita atención especial debido a que las desigualdades y estigmas sociales las hacen más vulnerables. Objetivo: analizar las trayectorias en el consumo de sustancias legales e ilegales en mujeres a fin de identificar variables contextuales involucradas en su inicio y persistencia. Método: estudio cualitativo con grupos de discusión y entrevistas semiestructuradas a mujeres en centros de rehabilitación. Resultados: en las participantes, la adolescencia es comúnmente el periodo de inicio, facilitado por el acceso a drogas a través de personas cercanas. Las razones para consumir incluyen diversión, curiosidad y evasión de problemas familiares. Los resultados dan cuenta de que la disponibilidad de drogas en el entorno cercano contribuye a las recaídas. Conclusión: el fácil acceso a sustancias y los riesgos en el entorno familiar facilitan el consumo y dificultan la rehabilitación en mujeres. Se requieren estrategias de intervención específicas y personal capacitado que consideren el contexto y enfoques de género para desarrollar habilidades sociocognitivas.

Resumen: Los fluoruros son contaminantes presentes con frecuencia y generalmente de forma natural en aguas subterráneas, y afectan a países que dependen de estas aguas para el riego y el consumo humano. La exposición crónica a fluoruros genera diversos efectos a la salud; por lo anterior, esta investigación se basó en la educación y la comunicación de riesgos para contribuir a la resolución del problema de exposición a fluoruros en la población. El objetivo fue desarrollar la capacidad de diseñar programas de comunicación de riesgos del personal involucrado en la respuesta y manejo de los riesgos ambientales para la salud, con énfasis en la exposición a fluoruros. Se diseñó e implementó un curso piloto de formación en línea sobre comunicación de riesgos y exposición a fluoruros. Para el análisis de la percepción de riesgos y conocimientos de los participantes, antes y después del curso, se aplicó un cuestionario y se llevó a cabo un grupo focal. Además, los asistentes realizaron una serie de actividades y diseñaron un programa de comunicación de riesgos con el que se valoró el grado en que se alcanzó la capacidad de desarrollar programas de comunicación de riesgos. Para mejorar el curso piloto se diseñaron y aplicaron dos encuestas de satisfacción y se realizó un análisis FODA (Fortalezas, Oportunidades, Debilidades, Amenazas). Los resultados mostraron un incremento en el nivel de conocimientos y cambios en la percepción de los participantes; en cuanto a la capacidad de diseñar programas de comunicación de riesgos, dos participantes lograron diseñarlo de manera excelente. La experiencia previa, la motivación, el compromiso para aprender y la retroalimentación brindada durante el curso, influyeron en el desarrollo de esta capacidad.

El objetivo es presentar los resultados del Club de Educación Ambiental y Sostenibilidad (EAS) durante el ciclo escolar 2018-2019 en una escuela primaria de alta marginación. El Club se ofreció como estrategia para favorecer la adopción y apropiación de ecotecnias. El diseño, desde la complejidad, consideró: 1) el análisis del contexto, 2) la sostenibilidad como eje, 3) el uso de ecotecnias como recurso educativo y 4) el diseño de cuadernillos de actividades. Se utilizó la metodología cuali-cuantitativa, se recabó información a través de observación no participante, cuestionarios y de la revisión de los cuadernillos. Se concluye que el uso de las ecotecnias como recurso educativo tiene gran potencial, que su adopción fortalece el tejido social y en el corto plazo esto tiene un impacto positivo en los niveles de bienestar de la comunidad.

Background/Hypothesis: Creativity is a cognitive process that affects the performance of many daily life activities. This process, in turn, is influenced not only by various environmental factors but also by numerous individual aspects. Chronic pain is one of the factors that has proven to negatively affect creativity. Our hypothesis is that people with migraine in the interictal phase also have lower levels of creativity than the control group. Methods: We collected data from participants with migraine ( n = 31) in the interictal phase and from a non-migraine control group ( n = 30). We used the Alternative Uses Task (AUT) test and the Creative Intelligence Test (CREA) to evaluate creativity. Results: Our results revealed lower creativity in participants with migraine. This was confirmed by both the AUT (fluency: controls 7.4 (4.35) vs. participants with migraine 4.4 (2.9); p < 0.001; originality: controls 2.353 (0.457) vs. participants with migraine 2.07 (0.278); p < 0.001; flexibility: controls 3.4 (1.55) vs. participants with migraine 2.0 (1.0); p < 0.001) and CREA (controls 14.0 (9.875) vs. participants with migraine 9.5 (5.0); p = 0.004) tests. Interpretation: The present pilot study provides evidence that migraine, even in the interictal period, reduces creative ideation and this may impact the quality of life of these individuals.

Prior research has suggested that Project Based Learning (PBL) may affect students' performance. Nevertheless, there has been a lack of empirical studies that have examined these relationships specially, in Bachelor's Degrees and Master's degrees. This research empirically examines whether PBL improves Own apprenticeship abilities' development as well as promotes Students' subject overcoming and their professional success using data from 65 Spanish University students. Results of this study show that using PBL methodology in lessons enhances the students' Own apprenticeship abilities' development. These results demonstrate the power of over students' subject overcoming and their professional success. They display that students' subject overcoming may play a mediating role in the relationship between PBL and students' professional success. Moreover, these results cover an existing gap in literature, since there is no empirical literature that has tried to link as a whole PBL, Own apprenticeship abilities' development, Students' subject's overcoming and their Professional success.

Water reservoirs are essential to ensure water supply to both the population and agriculture, especially in the Mediterranean basin. In some cases, analyses of water intended for human consumption have detected high levels of agrochemicals. Knowing the possible origin of these products is complex because there may be many agricultural plots within the reservoir basin. In this paper, we introduce a methodology to obtain the set of agricultural plots whose rainwater reaches the reservoir and in what proportion they affect the points where chemical analyses are performed. The method implements an extension of the D8 algorithm for the calculation of the drainage network, in which additional information about the land-use type of the area, as well as rainfall maps, are also considered. In order to facilitate the user's analysis of the data, a plugin has been implemented in QGIS. This allows usability and easy interaction with the visual information. The Rumblar reservoir basin, located in Andalusia (Spain) has been studied as a use case, surrounded by olive orchards. The result is a replicable methodology for any other water reservoir and for carrying out an individualized study of agricultural plots. HIGHLIGHTS Water reaching a reservoir is of great environmental interest.; Farms that contribute the most water to the reservoir can be found out.; Modification of the D8 algorithm allows adding new functionality to the drainage network creation process.; The methodology allows for the addition of real information such as land use type and rainfall maps.; The end-users can use an interactive tool implemented as QGIS plugin.;

Abstract Lateral Force Microscopy (LFM) studies were carried out on cleaved calcite sections in contact with solutions supersaturated with respect to otavite (CdCO3) or calcite-otavite solid solutions (SS) as a means to examine the potential for future application of LFM as a nanometer-scale mineral surface composition mapping technique. Layer-by-layer growth of surface films took place either by step advancement or by a surface nucleation and step advancement mechanisms. Friction vs. applied load data acquired on the films and the calcite substrate were successfully fitted to the Johnson Kendall Roberts (JKR) model for single asperity contacts. Following this model, friction differences between film and substrate at low loads were dictated by differences in adhesion, whereas at higher load they reflect differences in contact shear strength. In most experiments at fixed load, the film showed higher friction than the calcite surface, but the friction-load dependence for the different surfaces revealed that at low loads (0–40 nN), a calcian otavite film has lower friction than calcite; a result that is contrary to earlier LFM reports of the same system. Multilayer films of calcian-otavite displayed increasing friction with film thickness, consistent with the expectation that the film surface composition will become increasingly Cd-rich with increasing thickness. Both load- and thickness-dependence trends support the hypothesis that the contact shear strength correlates with the hydration enthalpy of the surface ions, thereby imparting friction sensitivity in the LFM to mineral-water interface composition.

Se buscó analizar la percepción de riesgo de contagio de COVID-19 en personal de salud en Lima y Callao. Se siguió un enfoque cualitativo con un diseño de análisis temático reflexivo. Se entrevistó a 15 participantes. Se encontró que la percepción del riesgo de contagio giró en torno a los conocimientos previos, el estado emocional pasó del miedo a la calma. Asimismo, la percepción fue afectada por la influencia sociocultural, tanto del ambiente laboral, institucional, relacional, las creencias y la vocación de servicio; así como por las experiencias personales, que comprenden las situaciones de riesgo y carga emocional negativa. Se concluye que, la percepción de riesgo se centra en los conocimientos y emociones, relacionados a aspectos sociales, culturales e individuales.

Background: The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) into Spanish and to assess its reliability and validity. Methods: The translation and adaptation to develop the Spanish version of the OMAS (OMAS-Sp) was performed according to current international guidelines. The OMAS-Sp was administered to 98 patients with a surgically treated ankle fracture, and it was repeated 7-14 days later to assess construct reliability of each question’s score and the total score. Test-retest reliability and the internal consistency were calculated, and concurrent validity was assessed by comparing the OMAS-Sp with the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). The presence of floor and ceiling effects was also analyzed. Results: Adequate internal consistency was found with a Cronbach α of 0.821. Excellent test-retest reliability was demonstrated with an interclass correlation coefficient for the total score of 0.970 (95% CI 0.956-0.980; P < .001). Spearman correlation coefficients ( r ’s) between the OMAS-Sp total score and the 5 FAOS subscales ranged from 0.944 to 0.951 ( P < .001). No floor or ceiling effects were found. Conclusion: The OMAS-Sp demonstrated adequate psychometric properties and is a valid and reliable tool for assessing outcomes in Spanish-speaking patients with surgically treated ankle fractures. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective cohort study.

Objetivos. Comprender el afrontamiento psicológico en pacientes mujeres con cáncer de mama de un hospital de Lima Metropolitana. Materiales y métodos. La investigación siguió un enfoque cualitativo con un diseño de análisis temático reflexivo. Se entrevistó a 16 mujeres con cáncer de mama entre los 35 y 65 años. El análisis de datos se realizó con apoyo del software ATLAS.ti 22. Resultados. Se presentaron tres estrategias de afrontamiento psicológico: afrontamiento emocional, el cual se encontró con mayor intensidad, y comprende el apoyo de personas significativas, el afrontamiento religioso y la concentración en las consecuencias positivas, generando una reinterpretación positiva y la aceptación progresiva de la enfermedad; el afrontamiento resolutivo, caracterizado por la acción diligente, con seguimiento a las indicaciones, y la búsqueda de apoyo profesional. Finalmente, el afrontamiento evasivo, se centró en los elementos negativos, el aplazamiento del afrontamiento y la distracción cognitiva y conductual, siendo este último de suma relevancia para equilibrar las actividades en la vida cotidiana de las pacientes. Conclusiones. Las mujeres emplearon con mayor frecuencia estrategias del estilo emocional, ya que intentan incrementar las emociones positivas, acompañado del apoyo religioso y del entorno; además, utilizaron estrategias relacionadas al estilo resolutivo, puesto que centraron sus acciones para recibir la atención y tratamiento médico, dejando de lado otras actividades; pese a ello, emplearon estrategias para desenfocarse del padecimiento y así desligarse de sus preocupaciones.

Rising platemeters are commonly used in Ireland and New Zealand for managing intensive pastures. To assess the applicability of a commercial rising platemeter operating with a microsonic sensor to estimate herbage mass with its own equation, the objectives were (i) to validate the original equation; (ii) to identify possible factors hampering its accuracy and precision; and (iii) to develop a new equation for heterogeneous swards. A comprehensive dataset (n = 1511) was compiled on the pastures of dairy farms. Compressed sward heights were measured by the rising platemeter. Herbage mass was harvested to determine reference herbage availability. The adequacy of estimating herbage mass was assessed using root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean bias. As the adequacy of the original equation was low, a new equation was developed using multiple regression models. The mean bias and the RMSE for the new equation were overall low with 201 kg dry matter/ha and 34.6%, but it tended to overestimate herbage availability at herbage mass < 500 kg dry matter/ha and underestimate it at >2500 kg dry matter/ha. Still, the newly developed equation for the microsonic sensor-based rising platemeter allows for accurate and precise estimation of available herbage mass on pastures.

Methicillin-resistant (MR) Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and others, except for Staphylococcus aureus (SOSA), are common in healthcare-associated infections. SOSA encompass largely coagulase-negative staphylococci, including coagulase-positive staphylococcal species. Biofilm formation is encoded by the icaADBC operon and is involved in virulence. mecA encodes an additional penicillin-binding protein (PBP), PBP2a, that avoids the arrival of β-lactams at the target, found in the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This work aims to detect mecA, the bap gene, the icaADBC operon, and types of SCCmec associated to biofilm in MRSA and SOSA strains. A total of 46% (37/80) of the strains were S. aureus, 44% (35/80) S. epidermidis, 5% (4/80) S. haemolyticus, 2.5% (2/80) S. hominis, 1.25% (1/80) S. intermedius, and 1.25% (1/80) S. saprophyticus. A total of 85% were MR, of which 95.5% showed mecA and 86.7% β-lactamase producers; thus, Staphylococcus may have more than one resistance mechanism. Healthcare-associated infection strains codified type I-III genes of SCCmec; types IV and V were associated to community-acquired strains (CA). Type II prevailed in MRSA mecA strains and type II and III in MRSOSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus). The operon icaADBC was found in 24% of SA and 14% of SOSA; probably the arrangement of the operon, fork formation, and mutations influenced the variation. Methicillin resistance was mainly mediated by the mecA gene; however, there may be other mechanisms that also participate, since biofilm production is related to genes of the icaADBC operon and methicillin resistance was not associated with biofilm production. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen surveillance to prevent the spread of these outbreaks both in the nosocomial environment and in the community.

BackgroundThe microbiota is increasingly recognized as a significant factor in the pathophysiology of many diseases, including cardiometabolic diseases, with lifestyles probably exerting the greatest influence on the composition of the human microbiome. The main objectives of the study are to analyze the association of lifestyles (diet, physical activity, tobacco, and alcohol) with the gut and oral microbiota, arterial aging, and cognitive function in subjects without cardiovascular disease in the Iberian Peninsula. In addition, the study will examine the mediating role of the microbiome in mediating the association between lifestyles and arterial aging as well as cognitive function.Methods and analysisMIVAS III is a multicenter cross-sectional study that will take place in the Iberian Peninsula. One thousand subjects aged between 45 and 74 years without cardiovascular disease will be selected. The main variables are demographic information, anthropometric measurements, and habits (tobacco and alcohol). Dietary patterns will be assessed using a frequency consumption questionnaire (FFQ) and the Mediterranean diet adherence questionnaire. Physical activity levels will be evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Marshall Questionnaire, and an Accelerometer (Actigraph). Body composition will be measured using the Inbody 230 impedance meter. Arterial aging will be assessed through various means, including measuring medium intimate carotid thickness using the Sonosite Micromax, conducting analysis with pulse wave velocity (PWA), and measuring pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) using the Sphygmocor System. Additional cardiovascular indicators such as Cardio Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI), ba-PWV, and ankle-brachial index (Vasera VS-2000®) will also be examined. The study will analyze the intestinal microbiota using the OMNIgene GUT kit (OMR−200) and profile the microbiome through massive sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), effect size (LEfSe), and compositional analysis, such as ANCOM-BC, will be used to identify differentially abundant taxa between groups. After rarefying the samples, further analyses will be conducted using MicrobiomeAnalyst and R v.4.2.1 software. These analyses will include various aspects, such as assessing α and β diversity, conducting abundance profiling, and performing clustering analysis.DiscussionLifestyle acts as a modifier of microbiota composition. However, there are no conclusive results demonstrating the mediating effect of the microbiota in the relationship between lifestyles and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding this relationship may facilitate the implementation of strategies for improving population health by modifying the gut and oral microbiota.Trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04924907, ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04924907. Registered on 21 April 2021.

Public Higher Education Institutions have developed actions to prevent gender violence. Few include an action protocol that could allow them to analyze the relevance and progress of the actions being implemented. The objective of this work is to show the usefulness of a protocol with four components: participation of educational authorities, gender awareness, institutionalization of the gender perspective,and interdisciplinary research with a gender perspective. To accomplish this, different qualitative and quantitative techniques were applied in a public university to generate data for each component. A documentary review of the institutional web page was also conducted. The information was analyzed with Atlas.ti, version 7.5.1, and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21. The results show that the tested protocol allows for a comprehensive view of the actions carried out by the institution, identifying advancement and areas of opportunity in gender violence prevention, which in this case point to the need to reinforce actions within the proposed components.

To give an answer and a solution to the inconveniences that dropout brings to universities and to society, we have studied the different approaches that exists in the actual scientific literature about the reasons of this phenomenon. The aim of this investigation is analyzing the college dropout, focalizing in students of education degrees of Andalusian universities. For doing that, we applied a standardized instrument that pretend to determine which are the factors associated to the permanence of the college students. The instrument was applied to 608 students of the first year of six Andalusian universities. Of these, 274 were studying Infant education degree and 334 Primary education degree. The study shows that a large sample of the subjects interviewed responded with higher scores 3.83, stating the need to remain in their undergraduate studies, with few references to dropping out of the university. Some of the items that have obtained the highest ratings express their desire to graduate with honors, become a good professional and practice their profession within their field of work, among others.

Our working hypothesis was that magnesium (Mg) supplementation modulates plant performance under low water availability and improves drought tolerance in soybean genotypes. Plants of Bônus 8579, M8808 and TMG1180 genotypes were grown under field conditions and subjected to three water stress treatments (control, moderate and severe stress) and three Mg levels [0.9 (low), 1.3 (adequate) and 1.7 cmolc dm-³ (supplementation)]. After 28 days of drought imposition, the growth parameters, osmotic potential, relative water content, leaf succulence, Mg content and photosynthetic pigments were assessed. In general, drought drastically decreased the growth in all genotypes, and the reductions were intensified from moderate to severe stress. Under adequate Mg supply, TMG1180 was the most drought-tolerant genotype among the soybean plants, but Mg supplementation did not improve its tolerance. Conversely, although the M8808 genotype displayed inexpressive responses to drought under adequate Mg, the Mg-supplemented plants were found to have surprisingly better growth performance under stress compared to Bônus 8579 and TMG1180, irrespective of drought regime. The improved growth of high Mg-treated M8808-stressed plants correlated with low osmotic potential and increased relative water content, as well as shoot Mg accumulation, resulting in increased photosynthetic pigments and culminating in the highest drought tolerance. The results clearly indicate that Mg supplementation is a potential tool for alleviating water stress in M8808 soybean plants. Our findings suggest that the enhanced Mg-induced plant acclimation resulted from increased water content in plant tissues and strategic regulation of Mg content and photosynthetic pigments.

Desarrollar estudio comparado de modalidad virtual y presencial de la maestría en Tecnologías de la información de la ESPAM MFL para el fortalecimiento de una gestión académica híbrida eficiente, efectiva y eficaz. La recolección de información utilizó el método de análisis documental.Se aplicaron las técnicas de entrevista y encuesta sobre los procesos de la maestría a los estudiantes de la III cohorte. Las fases del procedimiento fueron: identificar los procesos de la gestión académica de la maestría en TI, diagnosticar los logros y dificultades de la gestión académica en ambas modalidades y finalmente, elaborar un plan de acción para una gestión académica híbrida. Se evidenció que, en cuanto a la profundidad alcanzada de los contenidos de las asignaturas en ambas modalidades, se valorade muy buena, por lo que la idea de generar posteriormenteun plan de acción híbrido, derivado de su comparación positiva sería muy pertinente.

In the Institute of Tropical Geography (IGT), and in the rest of the centers that develop the Environmental Information System of the country, environmental measurements are not obtained in real-time. This is because the technology used to communicate this information, from the sensors that capture it to the center where it is processed, is obsolete. The objective of this work is to provide a solution to the problems raised above using Machine to Machine communication (M2M), as part of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. To achieve the above, the M2M architecture defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute was revised and, based on it, the one that should be used to obtain environmental data in real-time was specified. Then, a geographical area with special characteristics was selected, located in a difficult-to-access pre-mountain zone on the outskirts of the Consolación del Sur municipality, in the Pinar del Río province of Cuba, where environmental factors of interest for the country are currently monitored using archaic methods. In the M2M area of this scenario, several alternatives were analyzed to obtain the data, which allowed selecting the most appropriate one, which is the one explained in this work

La falta de una fórmula común entre los profesionales y estudiosos que trabajan con los brocados aplicados ha llevado al grupo de trabajo europeo de especialistas en escultura policromada a definir un procedimiento para el examen, registro y representación gráfica que permita profundizar en el estudio de esta delicada y frágil técnica a través de una información normalizada. Este trabajo recoge los aspectos del brocado aplicado que han de ser examinados; cómo éstos pueden ser recogidos y registrados atendiendo a las condiciones y estrategias más inocuas para la obra y propone, por último, un procedimiento para su representación gráfica.

A good understanding of ternary phase diagrams is required to advance and/or to reproduce experimental research in solid-state and materials chemistry. The aim of this paper is to describe the solutions to problems that appear when studying or determining ternary phase diagrams. A brief description of the principal features shown in phase diagrams of ternary systems in the subsolidus region is included. We present a systematic procedure to obtain specific compositions of particular interest as well as to calculate binary and ternary ratios of compounds inside the Gibbs triangle and a step-by-step methodology to formulate solid solution equations in binary, ternary, or higher-composition compounds. Specific problems and their solutions are presented as a practical guide, linking the learned concepts with their applications in ceramics and solid-state chemistry research. In addition, ready-to-go exercises with worked-out solutions are included for practice. The procedures described herein may be helpful to those interested in phase diagram interpretation, preparation, and analysis.

Se describen y analizan creencias acerca del uso del condón en jóvenes universitarios con o sin antecedentes de relaciones sexuales. Se aplicó una encuesta a 1 513 estudiantes, hombres y mujeres seleccionados al azar mediante muestreo probabilístico. Del total, 62% reportó haber tenido relaciones sexuales y 38% dijo que no. Las creencias sobre el uso del condón fueron asociadas con la pérdida del placer, las dificultades de uso y los estereotipos de género, más por los varones que por las mujeres. Se concluye que en estudiantes universitarios persisten creencias poco favorecedoras acerca del uso del condón aun cuando no hayan iniciado relaciones coitales. De no promover cambios, la tendencia se mantendrá con sus consecuentes riesgos.

La formación inicial y permanente del profesorado es señalada como una de las claves fundamentales para la mejora del sistema. Sin embargo, para que esto ocurra, la formación del profesorado debe estar vinculada con prácticas educativas de calidad. En este artículo se defiende la investigación cualitativa en innovación educativa a través de los principios de la Teoría Fundamentada como una manera eficaz de construir una teoría sobre la innovación educativa que sea válida y útil para la transformación positiva del sistema educativo.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las diferen - cias de la conciliación de los componentes vida y carrera laboral de mujeres trabajadoras de dos es - tados del norte de México, Coahuila y Sonora, con el fin de conocer los contrastes en la distribución y la armonización de las tareas dentro y fuera de casa. Se aplicó una escala para medir la conciliación vida- trabajo a 556 mujeres en ambos estados. Se explo - raron seis dimensiones: gratificación, interferencia, pareja y crianza, cuidado y salud, responsabilidad en el hogar y tiempo libre. Los resultados indican que la muestra de Sonora presenta niveles más altos de conciliación. En general, la incorporación de las mujeres al ámbito laboral les genera gratificaciones personales, sin embargo, esta condición no ha modi - ficado, en lo substancial, la división sexual del tra - bajo, es decir, las mujeres cumplen con sus jornadas de trabajo y continúan en casa con las tareas de cuidado y atención de la familia.

This study demonstrates the application of CIELAB, Color intensity, and One Dimensional Scalar Constancy as features for image recognition and classifying benthic habitats in an image with the coastal areas of Hinatuan, Surigao Del Sur, Philippines as the study area. The study area is composed of four datasets, namely: (a) Blk66L005, (b) Blk66L021, (c) Blk66L024, and (d) Blk66L0114. SVM optimization was performed in Matlab® software with the help of Parallel Computing Toolbox to hasten the SVM computing speed. The image used for collecting samples for SVM procedure was Blk66L0114 in which a total of 134,516 sample objects of mangrove, possible coral existence with rocks, sand, sea, fish pens and sea grasses were collected and processed. The collected samples were then used as training sets for the supervised learning algorithm and for the creation of class definitions. The learned hyper-planes separating one class from another in the multi-dimensional feature space can be thought of as a super feature which will then be used in developing the C (classifier) rule set in eCognition® software. The classification results of the sampling site yielded an accuracy of 98.85% which confirms the reliability of remote sensing techniques and analysis employed to orthophotos like the CIELAB, Color Intensity and One dimensional scalar constancy and the use of SVM classification algorithm in classifying benthic habitats.

This study introduces a new framework to quantify the wettability of powdered carbonate rock from existing correlations between zeta potential and contact angle. The new framework has the potential to be faster and cheaper than conventional approaches and could increase confidence in surface wetting quantification, since the results are insensitive to the inherent heterogeneity of rock surfaces. The obtained results from experiments were used to develop a set of equations for determining the carbonate rock contact angle from streaming potential data. The equations were validated for the evaluation of changes in the wettability of carbonate rock using different stearic acid oily solutions. The contact angles calculated from the proposed equations were then compared with measured values on the calcite surface. The results show that the proposed framework was able to quantify the wettability of carbonate rock with an acceptable range of error of about 4%−14%.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las valoraciones sociales de género presentes en las creencias de la población estudiantil universitaria del norte de México, con el fin de conocer los cambios que se van produciendo en relación a este fenómeno. Se aplicó una escala de creencias estereotipadas de género a 1921 estudiantes de ambos sexos de dos universidades públicas del norte de México, localizadas en las ciudades de Hermosillo, Sonora y Saltillo, Coahuila. Se exploraron cinco dimensiones: feminidad/masculinidad, roles de maternidad/paternidad, sexualidad, competencias y capacidades y expresiones de emotividad/ agresividad. Los resultados indican un mayor arraigo a posturas tradicionales en varones y en los estudiantes provenientes de la división académica de ingeniería. En general, los estudiantes de semestres avanzados tienen los mismos prejuicios de género que los de recién ingreso a la institución. Se recomienda transversalizar la perspectiva de género en las instituciones de educación superior a través de programas de sensibilización y capacitación.

génLa parasitosis intestinal es causa de morbili - dad en niños de 0 a 14 años de edad y está asociada con medidas de higiene y factores psicosociales. En el artículo se muestra el trabjo que se diseñó y aplicó para evaluar un programa de educación para la salud sobre higiene y prevención de parasitosis intesti - nal en escolares de comunidades margina - das en Hermosillo, Sonora, México. El diseño de investigación fue de grupo de contraste, con evaluación pre/post y toma de muestras coprológicas. El programa se llevó a cabo en dos escuelas de Hermosillo, Sonora, una urbana y otra suburbana du - rante el ciclo escolar 2010-2011. Los temas trabajados fueron alimentación, prevención de enfermedades, autoestima y cuidado del medio ambiente. Los resultados muestran que la intervención logró cambios positivos a nivel de conocimientos y reducción en la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal.ero, hábitos de alimenta - ción, sobrepeso, obesidad, mayas.

En el presente trabajo se analizan los resultados de un diagnóstico sobre la situación actual de la violencia de género en los diferentes escenarios, en Sonora, a partir de los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de la Dinámica de las Relaciones en los Hogares (2006). La violencia más reportada por las mujeres fue la comunitaria. El acoso laboral y la violencia escolar se aparecen en menor proporción. Los resultados apuntan hacia la necesidad de ampliar las áreas de análisis en la Endireh que permitan potenciar su sensibilidad para identificar la violencia en los distintos escenarios.

Evaluar un programa de prevención secundaria de comportamientos de riesgo suicida en adolescentes escolarizados y sus familias, utilizando el enfoque de democratización familiar. Método. Estudio exploratorio, prospectivo, en el que se empleó metodología participativa (talleres de reflexión acción) y evaluación pre y post-prueba de 81 estudiantes de educación media superior y sus familias. Concretamente, se aplicaron escalas de depresión, ideación suicida, ansiedad y relación con los padres. Resultados. En un análisis desagregado por niveles se observó que algunos participantes mejoraron tanto sus niveles de ideación suicida como de depresión. Sólo los niveles de ansiedad antes y después de la implementación del programa resultaron estadísticamente significativos (p

La violencia es un acto u omisión que busca ocasionar daño a otra persona u obligarla a hacer algo en contra de su voluntad. La violencia hacia las mujeres es un fenómeno complejo que puede ser abordado desde lo individual a través de las receptoras/generadoras de agresión, como de los factores estructurales asociados. A partir de los resultados para el estado de Sonora de la Encuesta Nacional sobre la Dinámica de las Relaciones en los Hogares, este trabajo busca aportar elementos conceptuales y empíricos relacionados con la violencia hacia las mujeres. La hipótesis es que la escolaridad e ingreso económico de las mujeres no guardan relación directa con el riesgo de ser violentadas. Los resultados muestran que la violencia total vivida por las mujeres sonorenses era ligeramente superior a la nacional, sin ser estadísticamente significativa. El nivel de escolaridad y el ingreso no se asociaron directamente a las distintas formas de violencia. Las mujeres con estudios profesionales y las de menor escolaridad tienen menos riesgo de sufrir alguna forma de violencia. En tal sentido, se sugiere que los programas sociales para la atención y eliminación de la violencia hacia las mujeres, se dirijan a todo tipo de población.

In this work, methane detection is performed on the 2ν3 and ν2 + 2ν3 absorption bands in the Near-Infrared (NIR) wavelength region using an all-fibre optical sensor. Hollowcore photonic bandgap fibres (HC-PBFs) are employed as gas cells due to their compactness, good integrability in optical systems and feasibility of long interaction lengths with gases. Sensing in the 2ν3 band of methane is demonstrated to achieve a detection limit one order of magnitude better than that of the ν2 + 2ν3 band. Finally, the filling time of a HC-PBF is demonstrated to be dependent on the fibre length and geometry.