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Viticulture is historically linked to Portugal, being an integral activity of its culture and heritage, promoting the several demarcated regions. This article discusses this issue, aiming to contribute to a better perception of the levels of accessibility provided by websites related to two important wine regions. In this context, we analysed the websites of the demarcated regions of Vinhos Verdes (Sub-regions of Melgaço and Monção, Lima and Amarante) and Douro (Baixo and Cima Corgo), in the specific case of the websites of the municipalities of these regions, as well as the Portal of Vinhos Verdes and the Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e Porto. To achieve our goal, we have verified compliance with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Web Con-tent Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (WCAG). As we analyse it from the point of view of the wine tourist and considering the poor results obtained, we en-courage constructive suggestions, highlighting some examples of good prac-tices, using the five senses, to improve the personal experiences of users of this type of cultural heritage.

Funding Information: Open Access funding provided by Aalto University. Funding was provided by the Marcus Wallenberg Foundation. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s). Most cross-cultural studies on management control have compared Anglo-Saxon firms to Asian firms, leaving us with limited understanding of potential variations between developed Western societies. This study addresses differences and similarities in a wide variety of management control practices in Anglo-Saxon (Australia, English Canada), Germanic (Austria, non-Walloon Belgium, Germany) and Nordic firms (Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden). Unique data is collected through structured interviews from 584 strategic business units (SBUs). We find that management control structures in Anglo-Saxon SBUs, relative to those from Germanic and Nordic regions, are more decentralized and participative and place greater emphasis on performance-based pay. Comparing Germanic SBUs to Nordic ones, we find Germanic SBUs to rely more on individual behaviour in performance evaluation, whereas Nordic SBUs rely more on quantitative measures and value alignment in employee selection. We also observe numerous similarities in MC practices between the three cultural regions. The implications of these findings for theory development are outlined.

Most cross-cultural studies on management control have compared Anglo-Saxon firms to Asian firms, leaving us with limited understanding of potential variations between developed Western societies. This study addresses differences and similarities in a wide variety of management control practices in Anglo-Saxon (Australia, English Canada), Germanic (Austria, non-Walloon Belgium, Germany) and Nordic firms (Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden). Unique data is collected through structured interviews from 584 strategic business units (SBUs). We find that management control structures in Anglo-Saxon SBUs, relative to those from Germanic and Nordic regions, are more decentralized and participative and place greater emphasis on performance-based pay. Comparing Germanic SBUs to Nordic ones, we find Germanic SBUs to rely more on individual behaviour in performance evaluation, whereas Nordic SBUs rely more on quantitative measures and value alignment in employee selection. We also observe numerous similarities in MC practices between the three cultural regions. The implications of these findings for theory development are outlined.

Background Guangdong province is dominated by three cultural regions: Canton, Hakka and Hoklo. However, little is known about the disease burden within these regions, particularly because different population,environmental and socioeconomic risk factors might cause different patterns of mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALY), life expectancy and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We aimed to compare the patterns of disease burden in Canton, Hakka and Hoklo regions between 2005 and 2015. Method We calculated the mortality, YLL, YLD for 116 diseases for different cultural regions between 2005 and 2015. We calculated the DALYs for 116 causes as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. We estimated the life expectancy and HALE by using sex-specific mortality rates and YLDs for the three cultural regions. Results With a respective reduction of 22.3, 15.8 and 17.8% in 2015 compared with 2005, the age-standardized DALY rates in 2015 was 19,988.0, 14,396.5 and 20,436.6 in Hakka, Canton and Hoklo region. Canton region had a significantly lower mortality and DALYs in most diseases, followed by Hoklo and Hakka regions. The life expectancy and HALE at birth were highest in Canton region in both 2005 and 2015, than in Hoklo and Hakka region. Conclusions Our findings call for improved public health care via the refinement of policy and effective measures for disease prevention. Understanding the environmental and culture-related risk factors of diseases in Hoklo and Hakka regions may help inform public health sectors to reduce the disease burden and the between-region inequality.

Der bereits erstaunliche Erfolg von Donald Trump als Präsidentschaftskandidat der Republikaner wurde durch seinen völlig überraschenden Sieg gegen Hillary Clinton 2016 noch einmal übertroffen. Entsprechend groß sind die Bemühungen theoretisch und empirisch diese Wahlentscheidung der Bürger in den USA zu erklären. Angesichts des Phänomens Trump stellt sich die Frage der Erweiterung des üblichen Kanons relevanter Prädiktoren. Die vorliegende Untersuchung fokussiert daher das Problem, ob ein Großteil von Trumps Wahlerfolg durch soziodemografische und ökonomische Einflüsse oder eher durch Unterschiede zwischen den Bundesstaaten bzw. durch kulturelle Besonderheiten verschiedener Regionen der USA erklärt wird. Für letzteres wird die Differenzierung Woodards (2012) von zehn kulturellen Regionen in den USA herangezogen. Auf Individualdaten (Umfragen) beruhende Auswertungen berücksichtigen solche geografischen Zugehörigkeiten häufig nicht. [...] Donald Trump's already astounding success as Republican presidential candidate was surpassed once again by his all-too-surprising win over Hillary Clinton in 2016. The theoretical and empirical efforts to explain this election decision of the citizens in the USA are correspondingly great. The Trump phenomenon raises the question of extending the usual canon of relevant predictors. Therefore the present study focuses on the problem of whether a large part of Trump's electoral success is explained by socio-demographic and economic influences, differences between States, or rather by cultural differences between different regions of the United States. Woodards (2012) differentiation of 10 cultural regions in the USA is used for this purpose. [...]

This article examines the process of identity construction and the institutionalization of Canada s regions. The historiography, insofar as it produces both a scientific and identity-based discourse, may serve to support this analysis of three of Canada s regions: the West, the Maritimes, and Quebec. The analysis presents differing interpretations of the type, the importance, and the strategic choice of the regional approach in the context of nation building. Furthermore, the institutionalization of regions is an ongoing process that changes over time, especially, in the case of western Canada, due to the involvement of certain protagonists. Finally, the case of Quebec differs from the rest of the country in that the regional studies produced by both historians and sociologists have opted for the intraprovincial scale rather than the inter-provincial one. Thus, all these factors contribute to bringing to light the importance of geographical scales in the production of regional identities in Canada.

We examined the applicability of the hybrid model of creativity, which specifies distinct domains that all express an underlying general creativity factor, in data from representative samples from Central Russia and the North Caucasus (N = 2,046). Using multigroup confirmatory analysis, Study 1 supported the invariance of a model with the six unifactorial domains (i.e., crafts, visual arts, performance, theater, products for work, and machine graphics) at the first level and a general creativity factor at the second level. Study 2 examined socio-demographic characteristics and 19 basic values that might be associated with creative activity. The more modern Central Russian region scored higher on global creativity and on all 6 domains. Of the 4 higher order values in the Schwartz model, Openness to Change values correlated positively and Conservation values correlated negatively with global creativity and with creativity in most domains. Variation across domains in the specific values that predicted creativity revealed that creativity in each domain had some unique motivators. We draw on culture and social structure to explain differences between regions in the value motivators of creativity.

Kulturna je baština dio povijesti svakog naroda te sadrži brojne elemente i vrijednosti kojima svaki narod čuva i ponosno ističe svoj identitet. Očuvanjem i promicanjem kulturne baštine osiguravamo egzistenciju raznolikih naroda te prenošenje tih spoznaja na one čije vrijeme tek dolazi i koji će kulturnu baštinu proširivati. U današnje vrijeme potrebno je implementirati kulturnu baštinu u nastavu kako bi učenici, od malih nogu, znali po čemu je njihov zavičaj toliko značajan. Ovim je akcijskim istraživanjem provedena implementacija zavičajne narodne glazbe u nastavu Glazbene kulture te su anketnim upitnikom nakon održanih sati ispitana učenička mišljenja o ovakvoj nastavi. Akcijsko je istraživanje provedeno u ožujku 2017. godine u jednoj vinkovačkoj osnovnoj školi (Osnovna škola Ivana Mažuranića) tijekom 12 sati nastave Glazbene kulture odnosno tijekom četiri sata u svakom razredu. Istraživanjem su obuhvaćena 64 učenika prvog, drugog i trećeg razreda. Na svakom satu upoznavao se nastavni sadržaj zavičajne narodne glazbe različitih regija Republike Hrvatske. Cilj istraživanja bio je uvidjeti učenički interes za određeno nastavno područje u nastavi Glazbene kulture i učeničku preferenciju za pojedine elemente tradicijske baštine kao što su pjesme, skladbe, plesovi, nošnje, instrumenti, ali i pojedine regije Republike Hrvatske. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da se učenicima svidjela nastava Glazbene kulture u koju su bili implementirani elementi hrvatske tradicijske baštine zavičajnih regija Republike Hrvatske te su na takvu vrstu nastave pozitivno reagirali i aktivno u njoj sudjelovali. Najviše im se svidjelo pjevanje tradicijskih pjesama, zatim nošnje i instrumenti te slušanje tradicijskih skladbi. Zavičajna regija koja se učenicima najviše svidjela jest Dalmacija. Sljedeća je Slavonija, Baranja i Srijem, zatim Središnja i sjeverozapadna Hrvatska te na kraju Međimurje i Podravina. Cultural heritage is a part of every nation’s history and it contains numerous elements and values used by its people to protect and proudly display its identity. By preserving and fostering our cultural heritage we ensure the existence of various nations as well as the continuation of the transfer of that heritage to those whose time is just coming and who will expand upon it. Today, there exists a need to implement cultural heritage in education so that students can realize the significance of their heritage from an early age. This experiment was conducted by implementing autochthonous folk music in the classes of music education after which students were surveyed about their comments on the content of the classes. The experiment was conducted in March 2017 in an elementary school in Vinkovci (Ivan Mažuranić Elementary School) during twelve classes of Music education, or more specifically, during four classes in every grade. The experiment involved 64 students of first, second and third grade. In every class students were introduced to autochthonous folk music from different regions of The Republic of Croatia. The goal of the experiment was to ascertain the students’ interest in a specific field of the subject of Music education and their preference in particular elements of cultural heritage such as songs, compositions, dances, folk costumes, and instruments, as well as specific regions of Republic of Croatia. Results of the experiment showed that students liked the classes of Musical education in which elements of Croatian cultural heritage from different regions were implemented. The students reacted positively to it and were actively involved in it. What they liked the most was singing of traditional songs, folk costumes and instruments, as well as listening to traditional compositions. The region most favored by students was Dalmatia. Next in line were Slavonia, V Baranja, Srijem, followed by Middle and Northwestern Croatia and in the end Međimurje and Podravina.

L’auteur s’interroge sur la manière dont le fait politique a été appréhendé à partir des champs disciplinaires qu’il croise dans sa recherche : histoire, sinologie, anthropologie. Le constat est celui d’une suite de disjonctions qui ont empêché la réflexion sur le politique en Chine d’embrasser le contexte social et la trajectoire historique chinoise dans toute leur étendue, en même temps que prévalent des paradigmes qui assignent le fait politique au particularisme d’une aire culturelle. L’indispensable travail historique et critique sur les catégories des sciences sociales qui permettrait de construire en général un concept du politique s’en trouve entravé. Tout en analysant ces paradigmes, l’article passe en revue des ouvrages significatifs et suggère le dépassement des apories qu’il constate au moyen d’une approche dialogique des disciplines et des aires culturelles. The author examines the way in which political phenomena have been analysed from within the disciplinary fields that he combines in his research: history, Sinology, anthropology. He identifies a series of disjunctions which has prevented discussion of politics in China from taking full account of the social context and of China’s historical trajectory, combined with the prevalence of paradigms which attribute political phenomena to the specific characteristics of a cultural region. This hinders the indispensable historical and critical work on the categories of the social sciences which would enable a concept of politics to be constructed in general terms. The article analyses these paradigms and reviews a number of important texts, and suggests that a dialogic approach across disciplines and cultural regions provides a way of going beyond the current aporias in this research field.

Lietuva netenka tradicinės tautinės mažumos, kultūrinio bendravimo partnerio, tarpininko, tilto tarp kaimyninių šalių. Kol kas latvių formalaus regiono egzistavimas skatina Lietuvos ir Latvijos tarpvalstybinį, regioninį bendradarbiavimą tradiciškai susiklostęs pasienio gyventojų bendravimas išlieka, vyksta bendradarbiavimas savivaldybių lygiu. Tačiau ateityje latvių tautinės mažumos praradimas gali paskatinti giminingų, kaimyninių tautų atsiribojimą pasienio regionas vietoj tilto gali tapti kultūriniu barjeru, tuomet pasikeistų geokultūrinė ir geopolitinė situacija. Todėl pasienio tautinių ir kultūrinių grupių teritorinė organizacija, akultūracijos teritorinė sklaida yra svarbus Lietuvos geografinis reiškinys, perspektyvus būsimų kultūros geografijos tyrimų objektas., The obsolescence of Latvian ethnic minority and formal cultural region is a loss to the Lithuanian cultural diversity. Lithuania is losing a traditional national minority, partner of cultural cooperation, mediator and bridge between the neighbouring countries. Yet the existence of formal Latvian region promotes Lithuanian and Latvian international and regional cooperation. Moreover, traditional cooperation among the border region residents remains. However, in future the loss of Latvian ethnic minority might influence the dissociation of related neighbouring nations; the border region instead of a bridge may become a cultural barrier. Therefore, the geocultural and geopolitical situation may change.

Straipsnyje Lietuvos Žiemgalos kultūrinis regionas nagrinėjamas trimis aspektais: funkciniu, kultūriniu-etnografiniu ir savimonės. Sekant Lietuvos Žiemgalos funkcinių vienetų istorinę raidą, galima lengviau įvertinti Lietuvos Žiemgalos kultūrinio regiono sanklodos ypatumus ir jų susiformavimo priežastis. Nagrinėjamas regionas leidžia atskleisti savitą, kultūros požiūriu gana skirtingą regiono struktūrą. Šiame darbe aptariami aktualūs etnografinio-kultūrinio regiono sampratos, etninės ir regioninės savimonės, tapatumo klausimai. Lietuvos Žiemgalos kultūrinis regionas atskleistas kompleksiškai ir išsamiai, atsižvelgiant į įvairių mokslo sričių duomenis. Duomenys lyginti su savita šio tyrimo analize, sisteminti geografiniu pagrindu ir iliustruoti kartoschemomis. Šiame darbe, remiantis visais duomenis, stengiamasi nustatyti kompleksinę Lietuvos Žiemgalos kultūrinio regiono ribą, apžvelgiami svarbiausi jos vidinės sąrangos ypatumai. In the article the analysis of the cultural region of Lithuanian Žiemgala focuses on three aspects: functional, cultural-ethnographic and self-awareness. Following the historical development of Lithuanian Žiemgala’s functional units it is easier to evaluate the structural peculiarities of Lithuanian Žiemgala’s cultural region and the reasons of their formation. The work deals with questions of ethnographic and cultural conception of the region, ethnic and regional self-awareness, and identity questions, however, with attempts to maintain greater objectivity while assessing the region. Efforts have been made to reveal the cultural region of Lithuanian Žiemgala in detail and in a complex way taking into consideration the data of various fields of science, to compare it with our own analysis, and to systematize the research data on a geographical basis, so the gathered data are illustrated by cartoschemes. In this work on the basis of all data it was aimed to outline the complex boundaries of cultural region of Lithuanian Žiemgala and to survey the most important features of its inner organization.