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Fetal therapies undertaken to improve fetal outcome or to optimize transition to neonate life often entail some level of maternal, fetal, or neonatal risk. A fetal therapy center needs access to resources to carry out such therapies and to manage maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications that might arise, either related to the therapy per se or as part of the underlying fetal or maternal condition. Accordingly, a fetal therapy center requires a dedicated operational infrastructure and necessary resources to allow for appropriate oversight and monitoring of clinical performance and to facilitate multidisciplinary collaboration between the relevant specialties. Three care levels for fetal therapy centers are proposed to match the anticipated care complexity, with appropriate resources to achieve an optimal outcome at an institutional and regional level. A level I fetal therapy center should be capable of offering fetal interventions that may be associated with obstetric risks of preterm birth or membrane rupture but that would be very unlikely to require maternal medical subspecialty or intensive care, with neonatal risks not exceeding those of moderate prematurity. A level II center should have the incremental capacity to provide maternal intensive care and to manage extreme neonatal prematurity. A level III therapy center should offer the full range of fetal interventions (including open fetal surgery) and be able manage any of the associated maternal complications and comorbidities, as well as have access to neonatal and pediatric surgical intervention including indicated surgery for neonates with congenital anomalies.

The discussion and debates surrounding the robot rights topic demonstrate vast differences in the possible philosophical, ethical, and legal approaches to this question. Without top-down guidance of mutually agreed upon legal and moral imperatives, the public's attitudes should be an important component of the discussion. However, few studies have been conducted on how the general population views aspects of robot rights. The aim of the current study is to provide a new measurement that may facilitate such research. A Robot Rights and Responsibilities (RRR) scale is developed and tested. An exploratory factor analysis reveals a multi-dimensional construct with three factors—robots' rights, responsibilities, and capabilities—which are found to concur with theoretically relevant metrics. The RRR scale is contextualized in the ongoing discourse about the legal and moral standing of non-human and artificial entities. Implications for people's ontological perceptions of machines and suggestions for future empirical research are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of reviewA collaboration of comparative effectiveness research trials of pulse oximeter saturation (SpO2) targeting in extremely low-gestational-age neonates have begun to report their aggregate results. We examine the results of those trials, collectively referred to as the Neonatal Oxygenation Prospective Meta-analysis or NeOProM. We also discuss the uncertainties that remain and the clinical challenges that lie ahead.Recent findingsThe primary outcome from NeOProM was a composite of death or disability at 18-24 months corrected age. In 2016 the last of these reports was published. Although there were no differences in the primary outcome overall, analyses of secondary outcomes and data subsets following a pulse oximeter revision show significant treatment differences between targeting a lower compared with a higher SpO2.SummaryNeOProM represents the largest collaborative clinical research study of SpO2 targets in extremely low-gestational-age neonates. Although aggregate results give us some insight into the feasibility and efficacy of SpO2 targeting in this population, many questions remain. A patient-level analysis, tracking individual outcomes based on actual SpO2 experienced, may shed some light on these questions. However, finding a single optimal SpO2 range seems unlikely.

With the mainstreaming of virtual reality and 360° video, media consumption will increasingly include engaging with highly immersive messages alongside more traditional media formats. That means users will need to potentially switch back and forth between highly immersive and relatively non-immersive media messages. However, little is yet known about how transitioning between drastically different immersion levels may affect the cognitive and emotional processing of those messages. This paper presents the first study to examine the nature of excitation transfer effects during transitions across media technologies of different immersive quality. We find support for the existence of transfer of arousal elicited by an initial immersive message (T1 stimulus) to the arousal response elicited by a subsequent non-immersive media experience (T2 stimulus). However, physiological arousal at T2 did not linearly increase with the level of message immersion at T1. Additionally, intra-stimulus patterns suggest excitation escalation and decay during T1 could influence inherent arousal response to the T2 stimulus, highlighting the importance of an analytic strategy that allows for an examination of how excitation transfer dynamically unfolds. Implications and future research directions related to the psychological processing of sequences of messages, particularly those of varied levels of technological immersion, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluconazole is an effective agent for prophylaxis of invasive candidiasis in premature infants. The objective of this study was to characterize the population pharmacokinetics (PK) and dosing requirements of fluconazole in infants with birth weights of 2,000 ng/ml in 80% of simulated infants at week 1 and 59% at week 4 of treatment. Developmental changes in fluconazole clearance are best predicted by serum creatinine in this population. A twice-weekly dose of 6 mg/kg achieves appropriate levels for prevention of invasive candidiasis in extremely premature infants.

This study sought to understand how health misperceptions develop among individuals after exposure to misinformation messages, and how eHealth literacy and situational motivation in problem solving are associated with the negative effects of misinformation exposure. We also sought to understand the differentiated effects of misinformation exposure on the four misinformation-susceptible publics. Results from two studies revealed that situational motivation was positively associated with the formation of misperceptions after misinformation exposure as well as individuals’ likelihood of amplifying the misinformation message. However, eHealth literacy does not reduce misperceptions, as had been hypothesized. In fact, eHealth literacy was not significantly associated with misperceptions or with misinformation amplification likelihood. Results also provide support for the typology of misinformation-susceptible publics as misinformation-amplifying publics were the most susceptible to misinformation messages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) into web-based individual formative e-assessments in higher education is a nascent field that warrants further exploration. This study investigated the use of GenAI within an 8-week undergraduate-level research methods course at a university in the United States of America, aiming to understand how students leverage GenAI tools during individual formative e-assessments questions. The research revealed that a significant majority of students initially preferred traditional study resources over GenAI. However, a gradual shift towards more balanced use of both resources was observed, particularly in formative e-assessments involving statistical analysis and calculation questions. In their interactions with GenAI, students primarily used it for multiple-choice and true/false questions, often by directly copying and pasting the question prompt into the GenAI interface. Students were able to discern and accept accurate responses generated by GenAI and reject those that were incorrect or contradicted their existing knowledge. Students' reported primary motivations for turning to GenAI were to seek answers to assessment items as well as to corroborate the accuracy of their own responses. This study contributes to the growing body of literature empirically investigating actual usage behaviours with GenAI tools and the motivation behind these behaviours. We discuss the implications and limitations of these findings. Implications for practice or policy: • Educators should develop AI literacy programmes and integrate them into pedagogy strategies. • Educators and researchers need clear guidelines for ethical AI use in formative eassessments. • Educators should encourage students' critical thinking and source evaluation on the information that GenAI provides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Project Description: Swolé Solutions (S5) is working with LPA, Inc. to design a four-story steel structure with a publicly accessible roof-top patio. The building will be used as a culinary school. Special moment frames will be designed and placed to resist lateral loads (i.e., earthquakes). The project will consist of gravity, seismic, and moment frame design and analysis. The ground lobby will be 20 feet tall, with subsequent floors being 15feet. The most important information for this design project that must be considered includes soil reports and allowable element deflection as per governing building codes and design manuals.Advisor(s): Farzin Zarian, Ph.D.Client Consultants: Daniel Wang, S.E.; Daniel Kang, P.E. (LPA, Inc.)UCI Dean's Choice Award