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13 results on '"Cutrim, Elen"'

3. MODELS AS EDUCATIONAL TOOLS

Author

Orf, Leigh, Lackmann, Gary, Herbster, Chris, Krueger, Anton, Cutrim, Elen, Whitaker, Tom, Steenburgh, Jim, and Voss, Michael

Published
2007

5. The Lake-Induced Convection Experiment and the Snowband Dynamics Project

Author

Kristovich, David A. R., Young, George S., Verlinde, Johannes, Sousounis, Peter J., Mourad, Pierre, Lenschow, Donald, Rauber, Robert M., Ramamurthy, Mohan K., Jewett, Brian F., Beard, Kenneth, Cutrim, Elen, DeMott, Paul J., Eloranta, Edwin W., Hjelmfelt, Mark R., Kreidenweis, Sonia M., Martin, Jon, Moore, James, Ochs, Harry T., Rogers, David C., Scala, John, Tripoli, Gregory, and Young, John

Published
2000

6. An overview and longitudinal analysis of the demographics of the AMS

Author

Murillo, Shirley T., Pandya, Rajul E., Chu, Raymond Y., Winkler, Julie A., Czujko, Roman, and Cutrim, Elen M.C.

Subjects
Trade and professional associations -- Membership, Trade and professional associations -- Demographic aspects, Business, Earth sciences, American Meteorological Society -- Membership, American Meteorological Society -- Demographic aspects
Abstract

The 2005 membership survey is the fifth in a series of surveys that has monitored the composition of the AMS since 1975. The responses of the 2005 survey reveal several interesting changes in the educational level, employment characteristics, and personal status of Society members. The proportion of members with Ph.D. degrees has increased with time to 46% of the regular (nonstudent) and retired members in 2005. Universities/colleges, the federal government, and radio/TV remain the three most important employers of AMS members, although their relative importance has changed with time, with universities/colleges now employing more members than the federal government. Most AMS members continue to report that they became interested in the atmospheric sciences in either elementary school or as undergraduates, although the importance of early (K-6) experiences has increased with time. The age distribution of AMS members in 2005 suggests that the gradual aging of the AMS membership reported earlier (based on the responses to the 1993 and 1999 surveys) is no longer evident. The 2005 survey results also suggest that the percentage of women in the AMS, although still small, has nearly doubled since 1999. However, there has not been comparable progress in increasing the ethnic diversity of the AMS membership. This paper is the first of a series, each focusing on a particular aspect of the survey results.

Published
2008

7. Enhancement of cumulus clouds over deforested lands in Amazonia

Author

Cutrim, Elen, Martin, David W., and Rabin, Robert

Subjects
Amazon River region -- Natural history, Forest microclimatology -- Research, Climatic changes -- Analysis, Business, Earth sciences
Abstract

A survey of shallow (fair weather) cumulus clouds over part of Amazonia yields evidence of enhanced frequency where the forest had been cleared. The survey covers one dry-season month from 1988. It employs a threshold algorithm to construct an image of cumulus cloud cover from sets of geostationary satellite visible-infrared image pairs. Cumulus images were constructed for two times. The morning image shows no association of the cumulus index with cultural features. However, in the afternoon image a patch of high index values coincides with deforestation along highway BR-364 in the state of Rondonia.

Published
1995

13. Estimating Monthly Rainfall from Geostationary Satellite Imagery Over Amazonia, Brazil.

Author

Cutrim, Elen Maria Camara

Abstract

The infrared regression and the grid-history satellite rainfall estimating techniques were utilized to estimate monthly rainfall in Amazonia during one month of the rainy season (March, 1980) and one month of the dry season (September, 1980). The estimates were based on 3-hourly SMS-II infrared and visible images. Three sets of coefficients for the grid history method (Marajo, Arabian Sea, and GATE) were used to estimate rainfall. The estimated rain was compared with gauge measurements over the region. The infrared regression technique overestimated by a factor of 1.5. The Marajo coefficients yielded the best estimate, especially for eastern Amazonia. In the wet month Marajo coefficients overestimated rain by 10% and in the dry month by 70%. The Arabian Sea coefficients overestimated rain and the GATE coefficients slightly underestimated rain for Amazonia. Two maps of monthly rainfall over Amazonia were constructed for March and September, 1980, combining the ground station and satellite inferred rainfall of the grid history method using the Marajo coefficients. The satellite observations and ground data were mutually compatible and were contourable on these final, composite maps. Monthly rainfall was found to be much more inhomogeneous than previously reported. In March there was a belt of high precipitation trending southwest, with higher values and sharpest gradients in the coastal area. The upper Amazon was also an area of high precipitation, both north and south of the equator. In Roraima rainfall decreased drastically to the north. In September, the area of highest precipitation was the northwestern part of Amazonas State (northern hemisphere). Rainfall elsewhere was very localized and in northeastern Amazonia varied from 0 to 150 mm. Even though the grid history method presented better results for estimating rainfall over Amazonia, the IR model could be utilized more efficiently and economically on an operational basis if the calibration were properly made with longer sampling period and better distribution of ground observations.

Published
1983

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