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The composition of AMP and concentrations of samples are analyzed to study the inclusion complexes in solution of CD and AMP and the viscosity of these mixtures. The higher concentrations of these solutions show increased viscosity and large cluster formation and a significant response to UV and visible spectra which is not observed in the dilute solutions.

The gold nanoparticles were produced by femtosecond laser ablation of a gold metal plate in an aqueous solution of alpha-cyclodextrins (CD), beta-CD, or gamma-CD. The size distribution of the nanoparticles measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shifted to a drastically smaller size of ~2-2.4 nm and narrower size distribution of less than 1-1.5 nm fwhm with an increase in the concentration of cyclodextrin.

An asymmetric, amphiphilic perylene bisimide derivative is prepared by grafting permethyl-[beta]-cyclodextrin at one side and an octadecyl chain at the other side. The resulting aggregates are used as solid-state fluorescence sensing for organic amines and an improvement of both selectivity and sensitivity is achieved.

The mechanisms involved in the orthogonal covalent, as well as noncovalent functionalization of the different cyclodextrin-alkyne patterned surfaces are discussed. The specificity and selectivity of the functionalization process is also determined.

The fabrication of light-operated mechanized nanoparticles (NPs) that are able to retain and release dye molecules upon exposure to light is described. The ability of mechanized NPs with hydrophilic feature to release stored drug molecules in response to an external light source could find application in light-operated intracellular drug delivery system.

The DNA conjugates, [beta]-cyclodextrin ([beta]-CyD)-modified oligodeoxyribonucleotide (CyD-ODN), and the nucleobase-specific fluorescent DNA ligand (MNDS) are described and simultaneously used them for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis in aqueous solution. The combined use of 3'- or 5'-modified CyD-ODNs with dansyl-tethered ligands is a general and flexible method for fluorescent SNP analysis in a homogeneous solution.

A pyrene-modified [beta]-cyclodextrin (pyrenecyclodextrin)-decorated single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) field-effect transistor (FET) device is fabricated, which has served as a tunable photosensor to sense a fluorescence adamantyl-modified Ru complex (ADA-Ru). The present photosensor has displayed a promising application in the area of tunable light detection, as these photoresponse processes are recoverable following the removal of the light.

A couple of azobenzenyl-modified cyclodextrins (CDs) with different topological structures are prepared by using the Huisgen cycloaddditon from the same reactant, but in distinct reaction conditions. The studies have shown the stronger impact of the reaction condition changing in CD's modification products and have provided access to control the structure of supramolecular assemblies by tuning the conformation of building blocks.

Photochemical switching of supramolecular structures of 3-stilbene amide-[alpha]-cyclodextrin (3-Sti-[alpha]-CD) is demonstrated. The unit of [alpha]-CD and the cis-stilbene group has played vital roles to form supramolecular assembly as a hydrophilic and hydrophobic part and the interactions have promoted the [pi]-[pi] stacking of the cis-stilbene group.

The experiment which demonstrates the concept of inclusion phenomenon following the changes in the absorption and fluorescence spectra of a probe upon formation of supramolecular entities is presented. The students gain insight into formation of excimer, pyrene end-capped poly(ethylene oxide) (PYPY) molecular system which contains pyrene units at both ends of the chain.

The controlled covalent attachment of a [beta]-cyclodextrin ([beta]CD) adapter is realized in the two possible molecular orientations inside [alpha]-hemolysin ([alpha]HL) pores prepared by genetic engineering. The covalently attached adapters are used for altering the ion selectivity of the [alpha]HL pore, examine binding events at elevated temperatures and detect analytes with prolonged dwell times.

The scanning of bilayer over the surface of an SDS-PAGE gel has enabled the direct detection membrane proteins from gels using single-channel recording. Hydrogen scanning with water-in-oil droplet bilayers has provided a new method for discovering and characterizing ion channels with the potential for high-throughput screening.

Laser light scattering (LLS) and zeta-potential measurements are used for examining the effects of salt concentration and pH on their stability in [alpha]-cyclodextrin aqueous solutions. The electric double layer has played a vital dual role in the formation of stable nanobubbles in aqueous solutions of water-soluble organic molecules.

The cyclodextrin derivatives have a wide range of applications in the synthesis of biosensors, gene transfer and as biocatalysts. The supramolecular association of cyclodextrins containing quantum dots with drugs is significant in targeting the biomolecules.

Complementary water vapor sorption and wide-angle X-ray diffractomery (WAXD) are performed on oligomer/[alpha]cyclodextrin ([alpha]-CD) inclusion complexes (ICs) in order to determine their structures and stabilities. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hexatriacontane (HTC) guests are used to examine the effect of guest molecule hydrophobicity on water adsorption isotherms.

A report on steady-state UB-visible absorption, emission, and picosecond emission studies of milrinone (MIR) drug in neutral water and complexed to cyclodextrins (alpha-, beta-, gamma-CD and dimethyl-beta-CD (DM-beta-CD)) is presented. The results reveal that MIR forms a 1:1 inclusion complex with CD.

Electron transport through photosystem II, measured as oxygen evolution (OE), is investigated in the isolated thylakoid membranes treated with beta-cyclodextrin and irradiated with white light of variable intensity. The results revealed that the light-response curves of oxygen evolution are well fitted with a hyperbolic function, the shape of which is not affected by the beta-CD concentration.