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The arrival of Cyber-physical systems provided space for a new emerging field of research oriented on this type of embedded systems. The aim of this paper is to provide a better understanding of this integrative research field focused on the concept, architecture and challenges in deployment of such systems within the concept of Industry 4.0. Cyber-physical systems represent an emerging area of research that attracts the interest of researchers around the world, because, in the field of design and development of future systems, they are expected to play a major role.

The paper describes some practical control problems of technological and production processes as nonlinear distributed parameter systems. These are solved based on advanced numerical modeling in virtual software environments offered for the numerical dynamic analysis of technological and production processes with co-simulations. The controlled systems are interpreted as nonlinear lumped input and distributed parameter output systems. Synthesis of control in space relation is solved by approximation methods in temporal relation by methods of control of lumped parameter systems. Some results are demonstrated by the control of the secondary cooling in the continuous casting of steel, based on a software sensor. Furthermore, the control of a casting die preheating process is introduced in this framework using a programmable logic controller (PLC).

Human postural system is taken as complex biological system with specific input and output time characteristics, in this study. Evaluation of measured output characteristics is useful in medical diagnostics or in describing postural system disorders. System theory principle provide suitable basis for postural signals analysis. Participating volunteers were instructed to maintain quiet upright stance posture on firm support surface of stabilometric platform for 60s. Postural system actuation was realized by vibration stimuli applied bilaterally on Achilles tendons for 20s. Postural reaction signal, its time profile and static and dynamic characteristics were evaluated by Method of Developed Statokinesigram Trajectory (MDST).

In the paper, modelling and robust control of temperature fields of the casting mould in the benchmark casting plant is presented. Temperature fields are supposed as distributed parameter systems with dynamic described by partial differential equations. Based on finite element method modelling, models for control synthesis purpose in the form of lumped-input/distributed-output system are created. For this representation, uncertainty of the controlled system was considered and robust control synthesis with internal model control structure was designed. Robust control of the temperature fields in the casting mould was carried out using the Distributed Parameter Systems Blockset for MATLAB & Simulink.

In the paper, an uncertainty analysis and simulation of a robust control of temperature fields of the casting mould in the benchmark casting plant are presented. Temperature fields are supposed as distributed parameter systems with dynamic models in the form of lumped-input/distributed-output system. For this representation, uncertainty of the controlled system was considered and robust control synthesis with internal model control structure was designed. Simulation of the robust control of the temperature field in the casting mould was carried out using the Distributed Parameter Systems Blockset for MATLAB & Simulink – Third-party MathWorks product.