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This MRP outlines the importance of transit in enhancing liveability. It does so by conducting a review of literature, identifying seven components of liveability (including transportation), and explaining how transit contributes to the individual components of liveability. Then, a jurisdictional scan of transit policies in Zurich, Vancouver, and Seoul was conducted to examine whether transit policies enhanced liveability in these cities. Finally, this MRP presented transit policy recommendations for the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) and explained how improved transit would increase the GTHA’s liveability. This MRP found that transit augments liveability in Zurich, Vancouver, and Seoul and that the contributions of transit to liveability are often overlooked by the literature and liveability indices. These findings show that transit should be viewed as an important variable that enhances liveability in cities.

En 1987, paraissaient dans la Collection de l’EFR les actes d’un colloque fondateur : L’Urbs,espace urbain et histoire. Parce qu’il mit en dialogue les potentialités offertes par les progrès de la topographie historique de la ville de Rome et l’histoire urbaine de celle-ci, ce livre bouleversa nos connaissances. L’année suivante, disparaissait un éminent représentant de la topographie historique : Ferdinando Castagnoli. S’il ne put participer au colloque de 1985, F. Castagnoli avait été l’un des acteurs majeurs des renouvellements qui avaient conduit à son organisation. À trente ans d’écart, le présent livre, lui-même le fruit d’un colloque tenu à Rome en 2018, analyse l’héritage laissé par chacun, mesure le chemin parcouru et ouvre de nouvelles voies à la recherche en archéologie et en histoire urbaine sur la ville éternelle.

A trenta e più anni dalla morte di Ferdinando Castagnoli e dagli Atti del convegno L’Urbs, intentare un bilancio degli sviluppi dell’archeologia e topografia di Roma antica è operazione complessa e realisticamente impossibile da perseguire. A partire dunque dall’esperienza scientifica e professionale dell’Autore, sedimentata proprio nel corso delle ultime tre decadi, questo contributo mira più modestamente a ripercorrere alcuni passaggi fondamentali dell’attività archeologica e degli approcci di metodo che hanno imperniato la disciplina dagli anni ‘80 del secolo scorso a oggi. Dal piano filosofico/epistemologico e “politico” alla semiotica dell’archeologia stratigrafica; dagli studi sulla topografia romana a quelli sull’architettura e relativi apparati decorativi; dalla cultura figurativa a quella materiale e dell’instrumentum; dalle straordinarie scoperte compiute nella città al dibattito, tuttora all’ordine del giorno, sui primordia di Roma, ovvero dal «concordismo» e «ipertradizionalismo» acritico rispetto alla tradizione letteraria alla critica temperata della tradizione stessa; o ancora dal rapporto tra conoscenza archeologica e conoscenza storica a quello tra oggettività e soggettività dell’interpretazione dei dati acquisiti nel corso di scavi e ricerche: sono questi alcuni aspetti di importanza capitale sui quali la riflessione contemporanea deve necessariamente rimanere aperta e libera. Thirty or more years after the death of Ferdinando Castagnoli and the Procedings of the conference L’Urbs, taking stock of the developments in the archaeology and topography of ancient Rome is a complex operation and realistically impossible to pursue. Therefore, starting from the author’s scientific and professional experience, which has settled down over the last three decades, this contribution aims more modestly to retrace some fundamental passages of archaeological activity and method approaches that have hinged the discipline from the 1980s to the present day. From the philosophical/epistemological and “political” level to the semiotics of stratigraphic archaeology; from studies on Roman topography to those on architecture and related decorative apparatus; from figurative culture to material and instrumentum culture; from the extraordinary discoveries made in the city to the debate, still on the agenda today, on Rome’s primordia, i.e. from “concordism” and “hypertraditionalism”, uncritical of the literary tradition, to the temperate criticism of tradition itself; or from the relationship between archaeological knowledge and historical knowledge to that between objectivity and subjectivity in the interpretation of data acquired during excavations and research: these are some aspects of capital importance on which contemporary reflection must necessarily remain open and free.

Additional file 1. Sections of the Sphinx Room: a) Vault, horizontal section b) East wall, A-A’ section, c) West wall, A’-A section, d) North wall, B-B’ section, e) South wall, C’-C section (See Figure 1 for reference). Credits: A. Blanco, D. Nepi, F. Vozzolo. Copyright: PArCo.

Additional file 2. Raking light detail images of a) the incisions used to set out the composition of the frame between the vault and the East wall, b) the brushstrokes visible on the temple on North wall.

A conceptual method to realize an impedance-matched electrically small antenna is discussed, using a transmission line modulated only in time. The time-periodic space-uniform modulation of a distributed shunt array of varcapacitors excites a mode with very small frequency but still a small (microwave) wavelength: the matching line then retains a practical size. The modulated transmission line brings the problem of impedance matching to a frequency $f_0$ much higher than the signal, where the large antenna reactance can be easily compensated with a much higher bandwidth for the same $Q$ factor: actually the bandwidth $\Delta f= f_0 / Q$ becomes large when $f_0$ is much larger than the signal frequency. A simple way to obtain the space uniform modulation of the transmission line is illustrated, making use of a Wheatstone-bridge arrangement of the modulated varicaps. The signal and modulating lines, running in parallel on a section of the same length, see two very different equivalent shunt capacitances, so that the modulating voltage is almost uniform while the signal voltage may change significantly across the transmission line., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

We investigate the connection between Color Confinement and thermal Abelian monopoles populating the deconfined phase of SU(2) Yang-Mills theory, by studying how the statistical properties of the monopole ensemble change as the confinement/deconfinement temperature is approached from above. In particular we study the distribution of monopole currents with multiple wrappings in the Euclidean time direction, corresponding to two or more particle permutations, and show that multiple wrappings increase as the deconfinement temperature is approached from above, in a way compatible with a condensation of such objects happening right at the deconfining transition. We also address the question of the thermal monopole mass, showing that different definitions give consistent results only around the transition, where the monopole mass goes down and becomes of the order of the critical temperature itself., 17 pages, 6 figures and 6 tables

We investigate the properties of thermal abelian magnetic monopoles in the high temperature phase of Yang--Mills theories, following a recent proposal for their identification on lattice configurations. The study is done for SU(2) pure gauge theory, for temperatures going up to about 10 times the deconfining temperature and using the Maximal Abelian gauge to perform the abelian projection. We find that the monopole density has a well defined continuum limit. Its temperature dependence disagrees with a free particle gas prediction and is instead well described by a $T^3/(\log (T/\Lambda))^\alpha$ behaviour in all the explored range, with $\alpha \sim 2$ and $\Lambda \sim 100$ MeV. Also the study of spatial correlations of thermal monopoles shows the presence of non-trivial interactions among them. Finally, we discuss the gauge dependence of our results, showing that it is significant and that, even within the Maximal Abelian gauge, Gribov copy effects are important., Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures. Figures 5 and 6 replaced. Comments and references added. Version accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics B

We study the confining properties of two‐color QCD at finite temperature and density by means of a disorder parameter detecting dual superconductivity of the QCD vacuum. We show that the disappearance of dual superconductivity (deconfinement) can be induced by a finite density of baryonic matter and that this phenomenon coincides with the restoration of chiral symmetry both at zero and finite density. We also study the saturation transition induced on the lattice by Pauli blocking and discuss its possible interplay with the physical transition at strong values of the gauge coupling.

A disorder parameter detecting dual superconductivty of the vacuum is used as a probe to characterize the confining properties of the phase diagram of two color QCD at finite temperature and density. We obtain evidence for the disappearing of dual superconductivity (deconfinement) induced by a finite density of baryonic matter, as well as for a coincidence of this phenomenon with the restoration of chiral symmetry both at zero and finite density. The saturation transition induced by Pauli blocking is studied as well, and a general warning is given about the possible effects that this unphysical transition could have on the study of the QCD phase diagram at strong values of the gauge coupling., 13 pages, 23 figures

Within the dual superconductor model for the QCD vacuum we compare the field penetration depth λ with the correlation length ξ of the Higgs condensate. The comparison places the vacuum marginally on the type II side. A qualitative check of the interaction between two parallel flux tubes gives also consistent indications for a weak repulsive behaviour.

We study the confining properties of QCD with two colors across the finite density phase transition. A disorder parameter detecting dual superconductivity of the QCD vacuum is used as a probe for the confinement/deconfinement phase transition.

We address, within the dual superconductivity model for color confinement, the question whether the Yang-Mills vacuum behaves as a superconductor of type I or type II. In order to do that we compare, for the theory with gauge group SU(2), the determination of the field penetration depth $\lambda$ with that of the superconductor correlation length $\xi$. The latter is obtained by measuring the temporal correlator of a disorder parameter developed by the Pisa group to detect dual superconductivity. The comparison places the vacuum close to the border between type I and type II and marginally on the type II side. We also check our results against the study of directly measurable effects such as the interaction between two parallel flux tubes, obtaining consistent indications for a weak repulsive behaviour. Future strategies to improve our investigation are discussed., Comment: 23 pages, 15 figures. Simulations on finer lattices and with different monopole charges added. Final version to be published in Nuclear Physics B