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Louis François est un conteur. Il aime rappeler qu’il a connu trois siècles. Il naît en 1904, encore au XIXe siècle. Sa deuxième naissance en 1917 a lieu parmi les Éclaireurs lyonnais. Son retour de déportation en 1945, contemporain de l’ère atomique, le fait renaître une nouvelle fois. Trois naissances, donc, à l’image du personnage, large par la pensée et ouvert au monde. Si Louis François déploie toute son envergure de pédagogue dans et autour de l’école dès 1945, son enfance et sa formati...

Les Conseils généraux sont aujourd’hui les « chefs de file » de l’aide et de l’action sociales en France. À l’heure d’une rationalisation accrue des dépenses publiques et d’une large diffusion du New Public Management, les hauts-fonctionnaires territoriaux en charge de ces politiques publiques ont-ils développé une culture managériale dans leurs services ? À partir d’une recherche engagée depuis trois ans sur les représentations et les pratiques professionnelles des directeurs départementaux de l’aide et de l’action sociales, nous montrerons que ces acteurs publics se sont aujourd’hui largement convertis à l’usage d’un langage managérial et d’un référentiel gestionnaire. Mais ce constat doit néanmoins être nuancé : ces acteurs ne donnent pas tous le même sens au management, et le nouveau vocabulaire qu’ils emploient comme la nouvelle posture qu’ils adoptent ne doivent pas masquer un usage singulier et équivoque des outils de gestion et des réformes managériales qui, in fine, peuvent servir des logiques non-exclusivement gestionnaires. Department Councils are now in charge of benefits and social policies in France. In a time of increasing rationalization of public spending and widespread diffusion of New Public Management theories, we look at how senior territorial public servants responsible for these policies have developed a managerial culture in their administrations. Based upon a three-year-long survey on their professional practices and their perceptions of the job, we show that these public sector actors have largely converted themselves to the use of managerial terminology and standards. At the same time, we underline the need to qualify that statement, since management is far from meaning the same thing to all these actors. The study of this newly adopted vocabulary and attitude should not overshadow a peculiar and equivocal implementation of management tools and managerial reforms — in the end, they can also be used by actors following original, non strictly managerial rationales.

The effect of chemical residues of clomazone on photosynthetic processes has been studiedby using several low concentrations of the herbicide (0, 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001 and 0.00001) µM and seedlings of two varieties of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Virginie vk51, Nicotiana tabacum, L. cv. Xanthi). The content of photosynthetic pigments, the parameters of the chlorophyll-a fluorescence and the JIP-test were performed on an adult leaf (AL) and a young leaf (YL), that gave a complementary designto know the action's mode of clomazone on the plant physiological processes. Clomazone reducedthe total chlorophyll (a+b), carotenoids pigments (reduction in size antenna pigments judged by an increase in the chlorophyll a/b ratio) in young leaves more than adults leaves. The maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II (PSII) decreased significantly in youngleavescompared to adult leaves and in (Virginie) variety than (Xanthi) variety. Among the parameters calculated of the JIP-test most affected by the treatment, PIabs, 1-VJ, ABS/RC, DI0/RC, TR0/RC, ET0/RC, ET0/ABS, which indicated acomparable effects of clomazone(1μM, 0.1µM, 0.01µM) between the two types of leaves and the varieties used. More, the results showed that the concentration ( 1μM) was the most effective amongthe other low concentrations used and the (Virginie) variety ismore sensitive than the (Xanthi)variety. We conclude that clomazone has probably two combined functions (physiological, toxic) judged by the different behavior of both types of leaves in the presence of the herbicide.

Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699; International audience; The nutritional benefit of bioactive metabolites depends on their bioavailability, i.e. the proportion that leaves the food matrix, and crosses the enteral barrier to reach their cellular target. The present study focussed on lycopene, the major and bioactive tomato carotenoid, the bioavailability of which is known to be enhanced in cooked products. To better understand how processing may facilitate lycopene release, we assessed whether hot-break (HB) or cold-break (CB) treatments influence the tomato lycopene bioaccessibility.HB and CB are used in the tomato industry to modulate texture of purees through endogenous cell-wall lytic enzymes activity. HB and CB processes were mimicked through microwave heating, leading to a differentiated temperature rise in the product. The HB and CB modelsled to the expected differences, i.e. more viscous puree for HB with low methanol. The ability of the tomato matrix to release lycopene was measured as the extractability of lycopene to oil under standardized mixing conditions. We expected that CB treatment, by enhancing cell-wall degradation, would lead to enhanced lycopene bioaccessibility. The opposite was observed: oil contained three times less lycopene when mixed by CB (around 0.3 μg.ml-1; similar to results obtained with fresh purees) than when mixed by HB (around 0.9 μg.ml-1), although HB caused more lycopene degradation. Kinetics studies indicated that the quick rise of temperature at the beginning of HB treatment was a key parameter.

This study identifies the long lasting impacts of former cultivation on soils, seed banks and above-ground vegetation of limestone grasslands. We compared the resilience of three crop fields cultivated in the 19th century and abandoned (Abandoned Fields) with three grasslands which have never been cultivated (Old Grasslands). Grasslands were located in the Nature reserve of Grand-Pierre and Vitain valleys in France. Sites were identified using historical sources. Chemical and physical soil properties, above-ground vegetation and soil seed bank (0–10 cm and 10–20 cm) were studied. Data were analysed using a multivariate and univariate analyses to detect the effects/impacts of ancient cultivation. Our results clearly show that soil properties (e.g., calcium, carbonate, clay contents), above-ground vegetation (species diversity, moss and lichen cover) and seed bank (floristic composition, species-richness and diversity) are still impacted more than one century after their abandonment. Species richness of both above ground vegetation and seed bank are higher in old grasslands than in formerly cultivated fields. In the seed bank of the formerly cultivated soils we also found the presence of a very rare arable weed species (Althaea hirsuta) which has not been inventoried for a long time in the above-ground vegetation of the nature reserve. The resilience of formerly cultivated limestone grasslands might be influenced by the present management regime (site effect). Nevertheless, the resilience period of limestone grasslands is very long-more than one century-and return to an initial state might be difficult or impossible to reach.

Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699; International audience; Firmness is an indicator of fruit freshness and a main component of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit texture. In this work, the genetic variability in fruit firmness and stiffness was analyzed in pre- and postharvest periods and underlying anatomical and biochemical traits were identified. Three tomato contrasted parental lines and six derived quantitative trait loci (QTL)-NILs harboring texture QTL on chromosome 4 (QTL4) and 9 (QTL9) were analyzed; the seasonal variability was assessed on two distant trusses. Firmness and stiffness were measured by compression and puncture tests at harvest and after 7-day storage at 20 A degrees C. QTL4 poorly influenced the textural variables, on the contrary to QTL9 which increased firmness measured by puncture test and had similar effects in the two genetic backgrounds. According to this test, firmness increased along the season, but ranks among genotypes and QTL effects were hardly affected. Only some of the QTL effects were still significant after storage and firmness losses were not predicted by firmness at harvest. Fruit firmness and stiffness measured by puncture tests correlated with both morphological (locular number, R = -0.89), histological (cell size, R < -0.80) and biochemical (dry matter (R > 0.82) and soluble sugar content (R < -0.74)) fruit traits. In contrast, compression test values hardly correlated with any of the measured traits. This work provided an original comprehensive approach to analyse fleshy fruit firmness and paves the way for a future predictive model.

Apple pomace, a residue from juice or cider production, shows high content of exploitable polyphenols. In this work, apple pomace was submitted to an Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) in order to produce extracts rich in antioxidants. After a preliminary study, a solid/liquid ratio of 150 mg of dry material per mL was used, and optimized conditions obtained by response surface methodology for polyphenols water-extraction were 40 °C, 40 min and 0.764 W/cm2. A comparison showed Total Phenolics Content (TPC) obtained by UAE was 30% higher than the content obtained by Conventional Extraction (CE)(555 and 420 mg of catechin equivalent per 100 g of dry weight, respectively) and both methods presented the same extraction kinetics. Furthermore, extracts obtained by ultrasound showed higher antioxidant activity, which was confirmed by HPLC analysis, that revealed main polyphenols were not degraded under the applied conditions. The large scale experiments of this ultrasound procedure showed a potential industrial application.

This present study, which uses geochemical and isotope hydrological approaches, attempts to provide appropriate scientific information about the dominant geochemical processes that influence groundwater chemical composition in a semi-arid region of cultivated field. Therefore, particular emphasis has been placed on (1) the evolution of solute concentrations within the hydrological system as well as in the vadose zone, (2) the contribution of anthropogenic processes to the groundwater contamination, and (3) the estimation of groundwater recharge deriving from return flow of irrigation water. It has been demonstrated that the excess of irrigation waters has significantly influenced the rate of groundwater recharge. The annual amount of groundwater recharge related to the irrigation practices is approximately 100 mm. Modification of the geochemical characteristics of the Zeroud aquifer groundwater is caused by water-rock interaction, including both the dissolution of evaporate and the cation exchange process...

Aldosterone mediates actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inducing hypertension, oxidative stress, and vascular inflammation. Recently, we showed that angiotensin II–induced hypertension and vascular damage are mediated at least in part by macrophages and T-helper effector lymphocytes. Adoptive transfer of suppressor T-regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs) prevented angiotensin II action. We hypothesized that Treg adoptive transfer would blunt aldosterone-induced hypertension and vascular damage. Thirteen to 15-week–old male C57BL/6 mice were injected intravenously at 1-week intervals with 3×10 5 CD4 + CD25 + cells (representing Treg) or control CD4 + CD25 − cells and then infused or not for 14 days with aldosterone (600 μg/kg per day, SC) while receiving 1% saline to drink. Aldosterone induced a small but sustained increase in blood pressure ( P P P P P P P + CD25 − cells exacerbated aldosterone effects except endothelial dysfunction and increases in media:lumen ratio of resistance arteries. Thus, Tregs suppress aldosterone-mediated vascular injury, in part through effects on innate and adaptive immunity, suggesting that aldosterone-induced vascular damage could be prevented by an immunomodulatory approach.

L'article original est publié par The American Society of Plant Biologists; International audience; The term vitamin describes a small group of organic compounds that are absolutely required in the human diet. Although for the most part, dependency criteria are met in developed countries through balanced diets, this is not the case for the five billion people in developing countries who depend predominantly on a single staple crop for survival. Thus, providing a more balanced vitamin intake from high-quality food remains one of the grandest challenges for global human nutrition in the coming decade(s). Here, we describe the known importance of vitamins in human health and current knowledge on their metabolism in plants. Deficits in developing countries are a combined consequence of a paucity of specific vitamins in major food staple crops, losses during crop processing, and/or overreliance on a single species as a primary food source. We discuss the role that plant science can play in addressing this problem and review successful engineering of vitamin pathways. We conclude that while considerable advances have been made in understanding vitamin metabolic pathways in plants, more cross-disciplinary approaches must be adopted to provide adequate levels of all vitamins in the major staple crops to eradicate vitamin deficiencies from the global population.

International audience; Lycopene is a predominant carotenoid in human plasma and may prevent degenerative diseases by antioxidant mechanisms. Moreover, not only lycopene itself, also its derived breakdown products, the apo-lycopenoids, could be responsible. Therefore, we analyzed the in vitro antioxidant activities of apo-60'-, apo-80'- and apo-12'-lycopenals, as well as of apo-10'-, apo-14'- and apo-11-series of lycopene (with terminal functions as alcohol, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, and ester) in various assays. We observed that the antioxidant activities, determined by measuring the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP assay), the activities of bleaching 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS(center dot+)) and the activities to scavenge peroxyl radicals (LPSC assay), were often much lower compared to lycopene itself, as recently proposed by some authors. The antioxidant activities were strongly influenced by the length of the polyene chain and the type of terminal function as well. Considering our results and the low amounts of apo-lycopenals found in plasma as well as in lycopene-rich food products compared to (all-E)-lycopene we speculate that the effects of apo-lycopenoids as direct antioxidants in food samples as well as in blood and/or target tissues can be stated as negligible. Apo-lycopenoids may act as indirect antioxidants by activation of gene expression of antioxidant-derived enzymes.

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) enable vehicles to communicate with each other (V2V) as well as with roadside infrastructure units (V2I). These units provide different services such as driver information systems and Internet access. The high speed and high mobility of vehicles make it very challenging to establish and maintain a connection to these units. We introduce a new protocol which uses the characteristics of vehicle movements to predict the future behavior of vehicles, and to select a route with the longest lifetime to connect to the wired network. The proposed protocol aims at spreading the advertisement messages through multi-hops without flooding the network and performing seamless handovers. The proposed protocol is simulated by considering mobility scenarios, generated by the MOVE tool, in the ns-2 simulator tool. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme increases the packet delivery ratio and decreases the packet delay and overhead.

International audience; In Denmark, hydrogeophysical mapping is performed intensively in accordance with the Danish Government's environmental plans of ensuring a high quality drinking water supply. Previously the magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) method has been proven to improve the hydrogeological characterization from geophysical surface measurements in Denmark. In order to implement hydraulic parameters estimated from MRS together with hydraulic parameters obtained from pumping tests, it is necessary to analyse and compare the hydraulic parameters from the two data sources. These parameters are determined very differently with uncertainties arising from very different sources and the comparison requires an analysis in each specific case with attention on the investigated volumes. Several comparisons of transmissivities from MRS and pumping tests in Denmark show that the pumping test transmissivity value corresponds to the MRS transmissivity accumulated over depth intervals determined by the screen position depth interval in the borehole. When specific determinations of these depth intervals are performed, very good correlation is obtained between transmissivities from MRS and pumping tests. Comparisons of transmissivities from MRS and pumping tests will also lead to the determination of MRS calibration coefficients. MRS calibration is essential for quantitative use of MRS transmissivities. Sixteen calibration coefficients in different survey areas have been calculated. If these calibration coefficients can be categorized according to the different Danish survey locations and hydrogeological conditions in which they are obtained, these categorized calibration coefficients could be used in future MRS surveys without the need of calibrating with pumping tests in each survey. However, only a slight tendency of increasing calibration coefficient with increasing transmissivity and increasing grain size is observed. The present study shows that in general only little dispersion is observed around an average calibration coefficient for the different Danish survey locations and hydrogeological conditions.

We consider a noncooperative interaction among a large population of mobiles that interfere with each other through many local interactions. The first objective of this paper is to extend the evolutionary game framework to allow an arbitrary number of mobiles that are involved in a local interaction. We allow for interactions between mobiles that are not necessarily reciprocal. We study 1) multiple-access control in a slotted Aloha-based wireless network and 2) power control in wideband code-division multiple-access wireless networks. We define and characterize the equilibrium (called evolutionarily stable strategy) for these games and study the influence of wireless channels and pricing on the evolution of dynamics and the equilibrium.

The predicate mind is situated somewhere between the lexical and the grammatical, lending itself to various grammaticalised uses, such as never mind or mind employed alone as a form of discourse particle. The present article deals with the parenthetical sequence mind you, using examples taken from the British National Corpus. After a brief discussion evoking the methodological difficulties implied by corpus study of a polyvalent, multiword marker of this type, I will propose a description, formulated within the Theory of Enunciative Operations, according to which, in a sequence of the general form "p mind you q", mind you indicates that q operates a retroactive adjustment relative to the inferences which the utterance of p might give rise to. This mechanism is doubly retroactive when mind you is in final position relative to q, i.e. "p q, mind you". I will then consider two suggestions as to the diachronic sources of the mind you sequence, favouring the hypothesis that this use has developed from an inverted imperative construction. This will enable me to link the discursive functions of the predicate mind to its other values, via a schematic form according to which an occurrence of mind implies the imposition of some phenomenon b on the attention of a subject a., Le prédicat mind se trouve à mi-chemin entre le lexical et le grammatical, se prêtant à divers emplois grammaticalisés, tels que never mind ou encore mind, employé seul comme particule énonciative. Le présent article se propose d'étudier la séquence parenthétique mind you, à travers des exemples extraits du British National Corpus. Après une brève discussion portant sur les difficultés méthodologiques qu'implique le fait de travailler sur un marqueur disjoint et polyvalent de ce type, nous proposerons une description, formulée dans le cadre de la théorie des opérations énonciatives, selon laquelle, dans la séquence « p mind you q », mind you signale que q opère un ajustement rétroactif par rapport aux inférences auxquelles pourrait donner lieu l'énonciation de p. Ce fonctionnement est doublement rétroactif lorsque mind you se trouve postposé à q : « p, q mind you ». Ensuite nous passerons en revue deux suggestions sur l'origine de la séquence mind you, privilégiant l'hypothèse d'un développement à partir d'une proposition impérative avec inversion sujet-verbe. Ceci nous permettra, en fin d'analyse, de relier les fonctions discursives aux autres emplois du même prédicat, à travers une forme schématique selon laquelle toute occurrence de mind implique l'imposition d'un phénomène b sur l'attention d'un sujet a.

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Cet article explore, à travers le concept de nostalgie, la représentation de l’identité anglaise telle qu’elle apparaît dans le roman England, England de Julian Barnes (1998). De manière assez paradoxale, le roman semble profiter de l’engouement de ses contemporains pour le mode nostalgique en même temps qu’il déconstruit, de manière critique, les versions nostalgiques de l’anglicité qui font du passé une marchandise adaptée à l’idéologie du politiquement correct et au marché mondialisé. Bien qu’il dénonce ces constructions inauthentiques de l’identité anglaise qui se révèlent complices de la logique du consumérisme et du simulacre (Jameson), le roman problématise, de façon postmoderniste, la notion d’authenticité, remettant ainsi en question l’existence même d’une conception de l’identité nationale qui serait fidèle à la réalité. En conclusion, l’article se penche sur la dernière section du roman qui semble proposer une esquisse de l’identité anglaise apte à résoudre quelques-unes de ces contradictions. L’auteur semble en effet dire que, s’il est nécessaire d’avoir conscience du caractère inéluctablement fabriqué de toute définition de l’anglicité, il est d’autant plus désirable de prêter attention aux valeurs qui vont définir ce construit. La spécificité de la nostalgie à l’œuvre dans England, England tient au fait que cette nostalgie est tournée vers l’avenir dans la mesure où l’auteur recherche, dans les constructions nostalgiques contemporaines de l’anglicité, les idéaux qui devraient servir de lignes directrices à la construction du futur de la nation. This article focuses on the concept of nostalgia, which appears as a key notion to understand the representation of English identity in Julian Barnes’s 1998 novel, England, England. I show that the text, rather paradoxically, feeds upon the contemporary nostalgic drive at the same time as it critically deconstructs nostalgic versions of Englishness which transform the past into a politically correct global commodity. While it denounces inauthentic constructions of English identity, which are complicit with the logic of consumerism and of the simulacrum (Jameson), the novel, in postmodernist fashion, invalidates the notion of authenticity, thereby putting into question the possibility of ever forging a ‘true’ national identity. The article ends with an examination of the vision of Englishness offered in the final section of the novel as a possible compromise resolving, at least partially, these paradoxes. It indeed seems that the author alerts his readers to the necessity of being aware of the inevitably constructed nature of any version of English identity, and to the attendant importance of choosing the values underlying these constructions. Barnes’s particular type of nostalgia is oriented towards the future in that it consists in exploring today’s constructions of English identity as a quest for the ideals that should act as guidelines for building the nation’s future.

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Given a convex optimization problem (P) in a locally convex topological vector space X with an arbitrary number of constraints, we consider three possible dual problems of (P), namely, the usual Lagrangian dual (D), the perturbational dual (Q), and the surrogate dual (Δ), the last one recently introduced in a previous paper of the authors (Goberna et al., J Convex Anal 21(4), 2014). As shown by simple examples, these dual problems may be all different. This paper provides conditions ensuring that inf(P)=max(D), inf(P)=max(Q), and inf(P)=max(Δ) (dual equality and existence of dual optimal solutions) in terms of the so-called closedness regarding to a set. Sufficient conditions guaranteeing min(P)=sup(Q) (dual equality and existence of primal optimal solutions) are also provided, for the nominal problems and also for their perturbational relatives. The particular cases of convex semi-infinite optimization problems (in which either the number of constraints or the dimension of X, but not both, is finite) and linear infinite optimization problems are analyzed. Finally, some applications to the feasibility of convex inequality systems are described. M. A. Goberna and M. A. López were partially supported by MINECO of Spain, Grant MTM2011-29064-C03-02.

AB Purpose: Despite the growing research interest in vascular adaptations to exercise training over the last few decades, it remains unclear whether microvascular function in healthy subjects can be further improved by regular training. Herein, we sought to systematically review the literature and determine whether microvascular dilator function is greater in athletes compared to age-matched healthy untrained subjects. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Web of Science since their inceptions until October 2013 for articles evaluating indices of primarily microvascular endothelium-dependent or endothelium-independent dilation (MVEDD and MVEID, respectively) in athletes. A meta-analysis was performed to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD) in MVEDD and MVEID between athletes and age-matched controls. Subgroup analyses were used to study potential moderating factors. Results: Thirty-six studies were selected after systematic review, comprising 521 athletes (506 endurance-trained and 15 endurance- and strength-trained) and 496 age-matched control subjects. After data pooling, athletes presented higher MVEDD (31 studies; SMD, 0.47; P < 0.00001) and MVEID (14 studies; SMD, 0.51; P < 0.00001) compared with the control subjects. Similar results were observed in young (younger than 40 yr) and master (older than 55 yr) athletes when analyzed separately. Conclusion: Both young and master athletes present enhanced microvascular function compared with age-matched untrained but otherwise healthy subjects. These data provide evidence of a positive association between exercise training and microvascular function in the absence of known underlying cardiovascular disease

This paper describes the progress made in the transcription of broadcast news (BN) and conversational telephone speech (CTS) within the combined BBN/LIMSI system from May 2002 to September 2004. During that period, BBN and LIMSI collaborated in an effort to produce significant reductions in the word error rate (WER), as directed by the aggressive goals of the Effective, Affordable, Reusable, Speech-to-text [Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) EARS] program. The paper focuses on general modeling techniques that led to recognition accuracy improvements, as well as engineering approaches that enabled efficient use of large amounts of training data and fast decoding architectures. Special attention is given on efforts to integrate components of the BBN and LIMSI systems, discussing the tradeoff between speed and accuracy for various system combination strategies. Results on the EARS progress test sets show that the combined BBN/LIMSI system achieved relative reductions of 47% and 51% on the BN and CTS domains, respectively

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International audience; Dans les cadres successifs de ma thèse en 2007 puis d’une nouvelle étude en 2012, je me suis intéressé à la transmission des langues d’origine en contexte migratoire entre Maghreb et France. Dans les deux cas, cette transmission était très majoritairement matrilinéaire mais il m’est également apparu que les modalités de celle-ci pouvaient être mises en regard avec la structure du réseau des personnes et que cette dernière était fortement liée au genre. Dans cet article, mon propos sera donc d’essayer de montrer que, dans le cadre de certaines migrations entre Maghreb et France, le genre est un puissant déterminant de la structure du réseau social et que, selon son type, cette structure favorise ou non la transmission de la langue d’origine.

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International audience; —The robust filtering problem for uncertain discrete-time systems is treated in this paper. An ǫ-contaminated framework is adopted to design the robust filter in presence of model uncertainties. The result is presented in term of Toeplitz matrix equations. The proposed approach does not require a formal modelling of uncertainties. Meanwhile, the ǫ-contaminated robust filter is equivalent to the minimum variance filter with a stochastic representation of the uncertainties. An example shows the effectiveness of the approach.

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International audience; Most of modern advertisements contain a song to illustrate the commercial message. The success of a product, and its economic impact, can be directly linked to this choice. Finding the most appropriate song is usually made manually. Nonetheless, a single person is not able to listen and choose the best music among millions. The need for an automatic system for this particular task becomes increasingly critical. This paper describes the LIA music recommendation system for advertisements using both tex-tual and acoustic features. This system aims at providing a song to a given commercial video and was evaluated in the context of the MediaEval 2013 Soundtrack task [14]. The goal of this task is to predict the most suitable soundtrack from a list of candidate songs, given a TV commercial. The organizers provide a development dataset including multimedia features. The initial assumption of the proposed system is that commercials which sell the same type of product, should also share the same music rhythm. A twofold system is proposed: find commercials with close subjects in order to determine the mean rhythm of this subset , and then extract, from the candidate songs, the music which better corresponds to this mean rhythm.

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