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Introduction and Objectives: Diabetes is a high-risk condition for the progression of metabolic fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The FAST index combines the result of transition elastography (Fibroscan®) and AST levels and is used to predict the risk of suffering from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with a high risk of progression (NAS >4, F>2). This study aimed to know what proportion of diabetic patients is at risk of suffering from high-risk NASH according to the FAST® index. Materials and Methods: Observational, transversal study to estimate prevalence. Diabetic patients who agreed to perform Fibroscan® and liver biochemical profile were included, and the FAST® index was calculated (

Introduction and Objectives: The clinical alterations of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy (MHE) include subtle changes in cognitive processes detectable only with tests such as the Psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) and critical blink rate (FCP) or P300 cognitive evoked potentials. After treatment with L-Ornithine, L-Aspartate (LOLA) 18 grams/30 days, a decrease or normalization in the PHES score, an increase in FCP, and a reduction in the latency of the P300 potential have been observed. In the short term, it is unknown if there are changes in these three indicators of the cognitive status of patients with MHE. This study aimed to detect changes in the potential cognitive P300 of patients treated with LOLA 18g/3 days. Materials and Methods: Cirrhotic patients who attended the Liver Clinic of the Gastroenterology Service of the General Hospital of Mexico ''Eduardo Liceaga'' were included. The PHES test and FCP were applied, and the electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded while visual stimuli were presented in a cognitive task to obtain the potential P300. The criteria for MHE were a PHES test score of less than -4 standard deviations (sd) and an FCP score of less than 39.0 Hz. EHM patients were given LOLA 6g/3 times a day for three days. Subsequently, the PHES, FCP, and P300 tests were repeated. The trial was approved by the research ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained. Results: Eighty-nine patients with liver cirrhosis participated, 54 women (60.7%) with 53±7.9 years of age and 8.3±3.4 years of schooling. Fifty-seven patients (64.0%) were positive for PHES and 64 were positive for FCP (71.9%). EHM (positive for PHES and FCP) was detected in 53 patients (59.6%). Thirty-six patients (68%) accepted treatment with LOLA or completed the three tests, of which 16 repeated the three tests. The median PHES before treatment was -5.0 ds(-1,-6) and after treatment with LOLA -3.0 ds(-2,-4). The difference was significant in the Wilcoxon test for paired samples p

Introduction and Objective: Younossi ZM et al.have recently reported a higher prevalence of fatty liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction (MAFLD) in diabetics (55.5%) versus the general population (25%); however, in Mexico, the prevalence of steatosis and fibrosis related to MAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) is not precisely known. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis by transition elastography and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) using the FibroScanâ equipment in patients with DM2. Materials and Methods: Observational, descriptive, transversal study included patients who attended the outpatient clinic for DM2 diagnosis between August- 2018 and May- 2022 and who underwent FibroScanâ to determine the absence/presence and degree of fibrosis and steatosis. The following were excluded: patients with risky alcohol consumption, Hepatitis B/C, any type of liver disease or previously diagnosed cirrhosis, and consumption of additional drugs to those for MS. Descriptive statistics were used and the prevalence of steatosis and fibrosis determined by Fibroscanâ was estimated. Results: 183 patients, 64.3% women, mean age 56.1±10.2 years. According to BMI, 81.4% were also overweight/obese (36.6% overweight, 27.2% grade-I obesity, 12.2% grade-II obesity, and 5.4% grade-III obesity). 53.8% also met the criteria for MS. 71.3% had glycosylated hemoglobin, of which 41.6% were out of the target (HbA1c >7.0). Regarding the degree of fibrosis, we found: F4= 29.1%, F3= 6.9%, F2= 4.6%, F1= 2.3% and F0= 57.1%. Regarding the steatosis degree, we found: S3= 23.4%, S2=18.3%, S1=11.7% and S0= 9.7%. Regarding adherence to treatment, we found poor adherence in 39.0%, good adherence in 61.0% and 6.5% of patients were not determined. Conclusions: The prevalence of steatosis and fibrosis associated with MAFLD is high in Mexican diabetic patients. Funding: The resources used in this study were from the hospital without any additional financing Declaration of interest: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.

Introduction and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease due to alcohol consumption and combined damage in the healthy population of the blood bank of the Hospital General de México ''Dr. Eduardo Liceaga.'' Material and Methods: Prolective, cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study. We included donors ≥18 years old. We excluded subjects with known liver disease. Transient vibration-controlled hepatic elastography was the method of estimation of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. We used descriptive statistics. Results: We included two hundred fifty-eight donors, 129 (50%) have fatty liver disease. 67 (25.96%) had non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, 31 (12.01%) had alcoholic fatty liver disease, and 31 (12.01%) had combined damage. In the metabolic damage group, S1 steatosis was found in 14 subjects (20.90%), S2 in 23 (34.32%), and S3 in 30 (44.78%). Of the alcohol damage group, 12 (38.70%) had S1, 5 (19.35%) S2 and 13 (41.95%) S3. 100% of donors with combined damage present S3 steatosis. Advanced fibrosis was found in 3 (4.47%) donors with metabolic damage, 1 (3.22%) with alcohol damage, and 2 (6.45%) with combined damage. Discussion: One out of two healthy subjects had fatty liver disease. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was the most common, while alcohol and combined damage were equally prevalent. These subjects are a sample of the Mexican population that could represent the behavior of the population of our country. Conclusions: Fatty liver disease was found in all three groups but with predominance in the metabolic damage group. Undiagnosed advanced fibrosis was found in a small percentage of the apparently healthy population. Funding: The resources used in this study were from the hospital without any additional financing Declaration of interest: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.

Introduction and Objectives: To determine the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a healthy population of the blood bank from Hospital General de México ''Dr. Eduardo Liceaga,'' as well as to describe the characteristics of the subjects who experience this disease. Materials and methods: Prolective, cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study. We included donors ≥18 years old. We excluded subjects with known liver disease and dangerous alcohol consumption. Vibration-controlled transient hepatic elastography was the method of estimation of steatosis and hepatic fibrosis. We used descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 258 donors were included. 67 (25.96%) had non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, 29 were women (43.28%) and 38 (56.72%) men. S1 steatosis was found in 14 subjects (20.90%), S2 in 23 (34.32%), and S3 in 30 (44.78%). 23 (34.32%) were overweight, 23 (34.32%) grade 1 obese, 11 (16.44%) grade 2 obese, and 5 (7.46%) grade 3 obese; only 5 (7.46%) had normal body mass index. 21 (72.41%) women have waist circumference ≥88 and 23 (60.52%) men ≥102 cm. 28 (41.79%) subjects have blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg; 24 (35.82%) have glucose ≥100 mg/dl; and 40 (59.70%) triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl. Advanced fibrosis (F4) was found in 3 (4.47%) donors. Discussion: One in four apparently healthy subjects has non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. These subjects are a sample of the Mexican population that could represent the behavior of the population of our country. Conclusions: Non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis is a prevalent disease that is closely related to the increase in overweight and obesity in the Mexican population. Funding: The resources used in this study were from the hospital without any additional financing Declaration of interest: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.

Introduction and Objective: Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy (MHE) is characterized by very subtle cognitive changes that are diagnosed with the Psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) and critical flickering frequency (CFF). Patients with MHE are slower in attention tests evaluated with visual cognitive evocative potentials, which are late indicators. However, it is unknown whether there is also slowness in automatic responses of early visual perception, such as those of stationary visual potential P100. This study aimed to detect early visible changes in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Materials and Methods: Cirrhotic patients who went to the Liver Clinic of the Gastroenterology Service of the General Hospital of Mexico ''Eduardo Liceaga'' were included. The PHES, CFF test was applied and the electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded while repeated visual stimuli were presented to obtain the stationary visual potential P100. The trial was approved by the research ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained. Results: Eighty-nine patients with hepatic cirrhosis participated, 54 women (60.7%) with 53 ± 7.9 years of age and 8.3 ± 3.4 years of schooling. 57 patients (64.0%) and 64 FCP-positive (71.9%) were PHES-positive. MHE (PHES and CFF positive) was detected in 53 patients (59.6%). 29 MHE patients and 10 patients with cirrhosis agreed to do the perceptual tests. P100 latency of the visual potential was quantified lower in patients with MHD 113 ± 9 milliseconds than in cirrhotic 94 ± 14 milliseconds. Conclusions: Patients with MHE showed slowness in early perceptual processes that preceded cognitive processes. Funding: Donation by the volunteer ladies of the Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga.” Declaration of interest: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.

Introduction and Objectives: MHE is related to a higher risk of accidents and deterioration in the quality of life; it can be detected with PHES and CFP. There is currently insufficient evidence that treatment with oral LOLA improves performance in PHES and CFP in patients with MHE. This study aimed to verify the response and safety of LOLA treatment in a real-life cohort of patients with MHE. Materials and Methods: Cirrhotic patients in the Hepatology clinic diagnosed with MHE received LOLA 6 grams three times a day for three days and were reassessed with PHES and CFP. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the comparison between parameters by paired t-Student or Wilcoxon test as appropriate, a value of p