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Sunlight contributes to the healing of multiple health conditions, including in respiratory diseases such as Covid-19, by boosting the immune system. Nevertheless, too much sun exposure can cause sunburn and lead to skin cancer. To minimize the harms of excessive sun exposure, the skin needs to be strictly shielded with the use of sunscreen. This study aimed to develop an olive oil and clove oil emulsion gel preparation and determine its sun protective factor (SPF) value. Olive oil was formulated into an emulsion gel with varying concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6%, and then 5% of clove oil was added. Physicochemical properties such as organoleptic, homogeneity, pH values, viscosity, and spreadability were tested. Further, UV protection was examined based on determining the SPF value, and the stability of preparation was evaluated using real-time and freeze-thaw methods. The results showed that the preparation had a good physicochemicality, while the SPF value was 20.91 ± 0.29, 22.52 ± 0.52, and 23.39 ± 0.45, respectively. However, the results of the stability test showed a significant change in the pH and SPF value after storage. It can be concluded that the emulsion gel of olive oil and clove oil preparation could be considered to have a medium level of protection of sunscreen. Keywords: olive oil, clove oil, emulsion gel, sunscreen, UV protection, stability

Estrogen deficiency during menopause is associated with pathological menopausal syndromes and metabolic disorders, including dysregulated lipid metabolism (dyslipidemia). Mahogany is a promising material for use in an alternative treatment for preventing dyslipidemia during menopause. This study investigated the potency of mahogany compounds and their molecular mechanism as an alternative treatment for preventing dyslipidemia during menopause.The determination of the potential of the compounds of interest was performed by machine learning using KNIME software to identify the potential compounds for HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor. Target genes for a potential mahogany compound were obtained from Swiss Target Prediction. Analysis of the KEGG-Pathways, Gene Ontology profiling, and protein-protein interaction networks of the target gene were analyzed.We identified five compounds: β-sitosterol, swietemacrophyllanin, 7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl)-chroman-4-on (7-HMC), scopoletin, and stigmasterol as candidates for HMGCR inhibitors. The target prediction results mined 294 genes. The top 20 hub genes with the highest degree included MAPK1/3, PI3K/AKT, ER1, and mTOR, which played a role in lipid metabolism.The possible molecular mechanisms mainly involved direct inhibitory pathway of HMGCR and an indirect inhibitory pathway of HMGCR. The tidal inhibitory pathway was Indirectly mediated via the PI3K/AKT, MAPK1/3, MTOR, ER1, and SREBP1/2 signaling pathways. Further investigation is warranted to validate the results of the present study.

Phyllanthus niruri L. drying kinetics were empirically examined at the temperature of 40 °C, 45 °C, 50 °C, 55 °C, and 60 °C in an air-drying oven. The herbs’ aerial components (stems, leaves, and flowers) were picked after 9-10 weeks of planting. The drying procedure ended when the sample weights remained unchanged. The drying time varied from 7 to 20.5 hours. CurveExpert Professional was utilized to establish the optimal modeling fit. According to the statistical analysis, notably for the root mean square error (RMSE), determination coefficient (R2 ), and residual chi-square (χ2 ), Midilli-Kucuk has deemed the optimal function for characterizing the kinetics of P. niruri drying. The effective diffusivity and drying activation energy of P. niruri were reported to be 4.050x10-9 m2/s – 1.620x10-8 m2/s and 55.23 kJ/mol, respectively. UV-VIS spectrophotometry was also employed to analyze the effects of the temperature on flavonoid content. The measurement showed that the flavonoid content from all dried herbs varied from 1.18-1.69 %, which already meets the Farmakope Herbal Indonesia’s standard. The highest flavonoid content was found at the lowest drying temperature.

Background: The World Health Organization reported Indonesia as one of the countries with the most prevalent cases of diphtheria worldwide. The microbiological aspects of diphtheria-inducing bacteria are of great significance in tracing disease transmission and case management. However, clinical aspects are critical for updating clinical features and case management in the field, which may sometimes differ from theoretical foundations. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the microbiological and clinical aspects, including molecular typing and case fatality rates, in diphtheria-confirmed cases from the capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta, and surrounding areas in 2017. Methods: The microbiological aspect of 40 diphtheria-confirmed cases were obtained by re-identify diphtheria-inducing bacteria isolated from the samples, while the clinical aspects of the cases were obtained from the medical records and epidemiological data. The chi-square test was used to examine the correlation between fatal cases and myocarditis and diphtheria antitoxin administration delay. In this study, P ≤ 0.05 was set as the significance level. Results: All 40 diphtheria confirmed cases were induced by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae with two biotypes, namely intermedius (60.0%) and mitis (40.0%). There are six sequence types of bacteria with two main sequence types, ie, ST534 (46.4%) and ST377 (35.7%). The proportions of cases that had a fever and sore throat were 72.5% and 77.5%, respectively; however, the prevalence rates of the cases with pseudomembrane and bull neck were 100% and 47%, respectively. Most cases were administered a combination of penicillin or erythromycin with other antibiotics (40%), and 22.5% of the cases only received penicillin. Myocarditis was noticed in three fatal cases, and their relationship was statistically significant (P = 0.000). All five fatal cases (12.5% of cases) received diphtheria antitoxin (DAT) lately or had not received it yet. Conclusions: Toxigenic C. diphtheriae with two biotypes (namely mitis and intermedius) and two main sequence types (ie, ST534 and ST377) was the causative agent of diphtheria-confirmed cases from Jakarta and surrounding areas in 2017. It was also concluded that those fatal cases were correlated with myocarditis complications.

Palm stearin has the potential to alter the use of beeswax. This study aimed to assess the effect of palm stearin as an edible coating on the quality changes of Cavendish banana during storage. The samples of Cavendish banana were stored within eight days with treatment combinations of temperature (room temperature: 28 °C and 10 °C) and application of edible coating (control: without coating, and coated with palm stearin). During the storage period, physicochemical properties of the samples were evaluated in terms of weight loss, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid content, respiration rate, and peel colour. The obtained results showed that storage temperature and storing period significantly (p< 0.05) affected the properties of Cavendish banana in terms of weight loss, fruit firmness, CO2 evolution, and O2 consumption. Application of palm stearin edible coating significantly affected (p< 0.05) weight loss and ascorbic acid content. Palm stearin edible coating at room temperature reduced weight loss and maintained ascorbic acid content. On the eighth day of storage, coated samples and controls stored at room temperature lose their weight up to 12.96 % and 23.94 % on average, respectively.

In recent years, marketers have used social media as their marketing communication platform, which is caused by the growth of social media users. Instagram, as one of the fastest growing social media platforms, enables its users to share photos or videos through their platform. Ads on Instagram can be categorized as In-Feed Native Advertising, which has been proved by recent studies as the promising solution for ad avoidance. However, consumers’ acceptance of native advertising can be a double-edged sword due to the potential of consumer deception because of consumers’ inability to recognize the ad. Thus the Federal Trade Commission enforces the marketer to disclose if the post is an ad. Recent studies about advertising disclosure have focused on position, language, duration, and timing, while the study for implementing disclosure in social media ad was limited. This study examined the effect of Instagram ad disclosure position on attitude toward ad, attitude toward brand, and intention to share via e-WOM. An experimental study was conducted to test the effect of top (Group A) and bottom (Group B) disclosure position among 220 Instagram users. Results indicated that the response for Group A had lower attitude toward ad, attitude toward brand, and intention to share via e-WOM due to the activation of persuasion knowledge model than Group B. This study provides an empirical contribution and strategic implication for marketers’ decision-making process in implementing the ad disclosure on their Instagram ad.

Diet testing was conducted for 50 days to investigate the growth and feed digestibility of Sangkuriang catfish with corn gluten meal (CGM)-based feeding. This involved 5 treatments with different levels of CGM in the feed 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 g.kg−1 for three replications. The result showed that the value of SGR ranged from 0.87 to 1.51 %.day−1, the SGR values with CGM at 0, 75 and 150 g.kg−1 were significantly higher than the values in CGM 225 and 300 g.kg−1. The best value of protein and lipid digestibility were recorded with CGM at 0, 75 and 150 g.kg−1 compared to CGM at 225 and 300 g/kg. A greater propensity for higher CGM levels to negatively impact on growth and feed digestibility of Sangkuriang catfish. Therefore, CGM is confirmed to process the potential for application at a level of 150 g.kg−1 in the Sakuriang catfish diet without negatively influencing growth and feed digestibility.

Covid-19 entered Indonesia in March 2020, which had an extraordinary impact on all aspects of life. The real impact is the economic and social sectors. Various efforts and policies from the Indonesian government were made to suppress the increase in the rate of Covid-19 cases. The spread of Covid-19 cases in Indonesia has been evenly distributed in various provinces, one of which is East Java. East Java has 38 districts/cities, where the case of each district is different, there are green, yellow, red, and black zones. To find out the pattern of spread of each district/city zone, clustering is used. The method used in this study was to use the hybrid method of clustering with K-means and classification with its algorithm Decision Tree. The purpose of this study to prepare mitigation measures to inhibit the rate of spread of Covid-19 in East Java Province. The variables used include the number of positive, the number of dead, the number of recovered, the number of suspects, and the number of probable. With this grouped data, it is expected to help make the right decision in reducing the spread and minimizing the number of positive patients. Based on the results of the study, there will be cluster results, namely 7 very high-risk areas (C0), 1 high risk district (C1), 29 moderate risk districts (C2), and 1 low-risk district (C3). It also has a validity index level of 0.356 as measured by the Davies-Bouldin Index.

Coating film thickness is one of many important aspects in the development of Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) for chemical sensors and biosensors. The coating layer is utilized as a matrix layer for the bio-sensitive molecule or as a sensitive layer. Also, the coating thickness is an important physical parameter, which determines the sensitivity and stability of the QCM sensor. Commonly for the thin film or glassy film, the Sauerbrey equation was used to calculate the film thickness. However, the method is inaccurate for a rubbery film. In this study, a non-destructive method was developed to measure the thickness of a transparent layer deposited on QCM using the interferometry method. This interferometry method uses the principle of coherent light interference between the initial laser beam and the one that has passed through a transparent layer. In this work polystyrene film which is known as a glassy film was used. The results of this study show that the interferometry method can be used to measure the thickness of the polystyrene layer deposited on the QCM sensor, as a non-destructive measurement method. These results are validated by calculations from the Sauerbrey equation, in calculating the thickness of polystyrene-based on changes in the frequency of the QCM sensor, which is 0.421 micrometers.

Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diode (UV LED) is becoming popular, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. UV LED has a specific wavelength with relatively narrow bandwidth, especially the one that has a shorter wavelength. On the other hand, UV LED has advantages in its low power consumption, compact size, and longer lifetime. This work shows that a wider bandwidth can be elicited by combining multiple UV LED sources. We have measured several low-cost UV LED, which is used as a germicidal lamp using a portable spectrometer that can detect a wavelength from 200 nm to 850 nm. The combined UV LED spectrum light ranges from 254 nm UVC to 400 nm UVA. The light spectrum produced by the LED shows a form of the Gaussian distribution model. Some LEDs have a peak wavelength at UVC around 270nm, and LEDs have a peak wavelength around 400nm at UVA. We can conclude that the low-cost UV LED can be used as a light source for portable or field spectrometers for specific wavelength.

The objectives of this study were to confirm the application of automatic system for detecting the water stress and the compatibility of the water stress treatment system for producing high soluble solids tomato fruits in high technology greenhouse. The tomato variety used, “Rinka 409”, was grown hydroponically with a high-wire system in high technology greenhouse in Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Japan. The greenhouse has a full controlling system (temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide, and light intensity) to support the seasonal change and was adjusted to the real-time condition. Water stress condition of the tomato plant in the high technology greenhouse was detected by measuring the water content in the rockwool slab and by using visual monitoring system. The result showed that the automatically nutrient supplying system using visual monitoring system based on speaking plant approach technology could be used for the detection of water stress in the tomato plant. Using this system, water stress tomato cultivation was detected and the high soluble solids tomato fruits could be produced continuously to fulfill consumer expectation.

The Saanen goat has adaptation abilities and is used for genetic improvement through crossbreeding programs with Ettawa breeding to produce Sapera goats in Indonesia. The development requires support for data to determine health and metabolic status. Sixteen juvenile buck goats aged 4-6 months, comprising five Saanen, seven Sapera, and four Ettawa crossbred goats, were used in this study. Blood was collected aseptically through the jugular vein for hematology and biochemical analyses. There were no statistically significant variations in most hematological and biochemical variables, except MCH, MCHC, and P-LCR. MCH in juvenile bucks of both Saanen (40.26 ± 6.94 ρg) and Sapera goats (37.96 ± 6.24 ρg) were lower than that in juvenile bucks of the Ettawa crossbred goats (61.63 ± 19.74 ρg). MCHC in juvenile bucks of both Saanen (40.96 ± 6.82 g/dL) and Sapera goats (37.01 ± 6.72 was lower than that in juvenile bucks of Ettawa crossbred goats (61.18 ± 23.15 g/dL). P-LCR in juvenile bucks of Ettawa crossbred goats (41.30% ± 10.95%) was significantly lower than that in juvenile bucks of both Saanen (63.48 ± 8.98%) and Sapera goats (69.00 ± 12.00%). Besides, no statistically significant variations were observed in enzyme, iron, lipid, and electrolyte activity in all three breeds.

Vital parameters (respiratory, pulse, rectal temperature, capillary refill time (CRT), rumen movement, and eating time) and body measurement characteristics measurement of Apparently Healthy in 60 healthy Ettawa crossbred goats, Saanen goats, and Sapera goats in Indonesia were evaluated. The correlation between respiratory rate, pulse rate, and rectal temperature was measured. Respiratory rates (breaths per minute) were 59.68±21.29 in Etawa Crossbred, 58.57±14.09 in Saanen, and 60.56±14.99 in Sapera. Pulses (pulsations per minute) were 87.54±19.70 in Ettawa crossbred, 90.46±18.36 in Saanen, and 86.82±13.69 in Sapera. Rectal temperatures (°C) were 39.18±0.51in Ettawa Crossbred, 39.14±0.69 in Saanen, and 38.95±0.61 in Sapera. CRT (second) were 1.96±1.64 in Ettawa crossbred, 2.21±1.19 in Saanen, and 2.76±1.75 in Sapera. Rumen Movement (times/5 min) was 5.08±1.73 in Ettawa crossbred, 5.64±1.69 in Saanen, and 4.59±1.91 in Sapera. Eating time (seconds) were 66.62±13.43 in Ettawa crossbred, 55.45±18.38 in Saanen, and 62.34±19.44in Sapera. Height (cm) was 70.62±14.27 in Ettawa crossbred, 60.56±7.55 in Saanen, and 61.72±9.37 in Sapera. Body length (cm) was 62.12±13.36 in Ettawa crossbred, 54.44±9.00 in Saanen, and 54.17±11.98 in Sapera. Chest circumference (cm) was 85.04±18.05 in Ettawa crossbred, 82.12±16.98 in Saanen, and 78.00±16.84 in Sapera. Chest depth (cm) was 30.88 ±5.68 in Ettawa Crossbred, 30.25±5.59 in Saanen, and 27.88 ±6.20 in Sapera. Ear length (cm) was 29.17±5.92 in Ettawa Crossbred, 16.25±1.95 in Saanen, and 20.22 ±3.14 in Sapera. Overall there was were are not correlation (R=0.36) between the rectal temperature and respiratory and rectal temperature with a pulses (R=0.06). This finding result is the first-established of vital parameters and body measurement characteristics measurement in Healthy in Ettawa crossbred goats, Saanen goats, and Sapera goats in Indonesia in Indonesia.

Banyuwangi is a district in East Java province in Indonesia which is known as the Rice Barn of East Java. Banyuwangi region is facing challenges such as population growth, increased consumption of rice, reduced agricultural land because there are several agricultural land used as non-agricultural land. Because of there are production it is not enough from objects with just one period, therefore the use of data panels is one solution because it considers the time period and objects needed to determine the factors that influence rice production. In this study the analysis to model panel data from rice production in Banyuwangi was Generalized Additive Mixed Model (GAMM) and Generalized Estimating Equation GEE. In general GAMM as a mixed model, contains random effects so that this model is very useful when inference about individual differences is a major interest. While GEE is a model used to provide the population averaged effect. GEE also has the feature of smoothing natural cubic spline and B-spline so that it can be called GEE (+ NS/BS) which aims to improve the goodness of fitting a model. In this study, we want to see the effect of the total rainfall, harvest area, and population density on rice production. we also develop GAMM in the form of web interface to make users easier to analyze data using GAMM through http://statslab-rshiny.fmipa.unej.ac.id/RProg/MSD/.

This study was aimed to determine the viability of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus pentosus isolated from soy milk waste as a candidate for poultry probiotics in vitro. This research was designed in the form of a laboratory experiment descriptively. This study was conducted in several stages, viability test at 37°C and 42°C, viability test at pH 2 and 7, viability test for 0.3% and 0.5% bile salts, viability test of adhesion [hydrophobicity] and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria [Escherichia coli 0157, Staphylococcus aureusATCC-25293 and Salmonella sp]. The result showed that Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus pentosus survived and grew at 37°C and 42°C [observation time at 30 and 60 minutes], pH 2, and resistant for 0.3% and 0.5% bile salts. Both bacteria also could inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria [active category], which produced clear zones with diameters Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus pentosus isolated from soy milk waste have potential as a probiotic for poultry.

Peppermint hard candy is increasing sold in the market. It causes a tight business competition and need some efforts for the product to survive and to win the competition. One effort that can be done is to design peppermint hard candy packaging. This paper describes the peppermint hard candy primary packaging design in accordance with the consumers’ needs. Kansei engineering (KE) was used in this study to translate consumer perceptions of the primary packaging design. Data is processed by using factor analysis and conjoint analysis. Based on the analysis, the design of peppermint hard candy packaging desired by the consumer was plastic, tubular, printed sticker label, flip-top accessory and transparent colors. The label design element has the highest importance value (30.524%) followed by material design elements (29.188%), shape (21.763%), accessories (11.300%) and color (7.226%).

Spectrophotometer is modern analytical instrument for analysis the amount of substance based on the color change. However, for high school laboratory practice, only few schools had this instrument for chemical analysis. There are many studies reported the use of daily life electronic for colorimetric analysis such as smartphone, scanner and digital camera. This work demonstrated the used of document scanner for colorimetric glucose determination for easy learn the daily life instrument as analytical device. The color detection was based on the reaction of glucose with glucose oxidase enzyme to produce H2O2. The H2O2 was then reacted with TiOSO4 to produce yellow color. The color formation was captured with a document scanner and the digital image was analyzed using ImageJ software. The result of the used of document scanner showed Horwitz Ratio of 0.40, recovery of 98.4%, linear responses from 0.5 mM to 3.0 mM (r = 0,9989), limit of detection of 0.15 mM and limit of quantification of 0.40 mM.

BACKGROUND Intracranial meningiomas are most common among patients in their fifth to seventh decade of life, typically found in older women. Meningiomas are rare in children and young adults; they represent 1–3% of all intracranial tumors in individuals up to age 20 years and 13.5% of intracranial tumors in the 20–34 age group. Meningioma in young adult male is a rare finding. Management of meningioma is similar between young or older patient. The prognosis is depent on the histology finding and type of resection. This case series was made to report an uncommon case including clinical characteristic and management of meningioma in young adult male. MATERIAL AND METHODS We reported 2 cases of meningioma in young adult male. The first patient was hospitalized on 2016 and diagnosed with atypical meningioma (WHO grade II). The second patient was hospitalized on 2018 and diagnosed with trantitional meningioma (WHO grade I). RESULTS First case: 23 y.o male was hospitalized because of severe headache. His physical exam showed weakness of his left side of the body. There was diplopia that significant for bilateral six nerves palsy. Funduscopy examination revealed papil edema in both eyes correlated with his complained of blurry visions. There was no cranial irradiation from his past medical history. Second case, a male 22 y.o was because of decreased of visual acquity progressively since two month before. There was history of throbbing headache in his left head with mild to moderate intensity. On his neurological examination, there was mild weakness in his right body side. Visual acquity on his right and left eyes were 1/300 and 1/60. Bilateral papil edema was found in funduscopy examination. In his past medical history, there was no history of cranial iradiation. Both cases showed similar initial symptoms consist of headache and others neurological deficit. Radiological examination was performed with result leading to meningioma in convexity area in both cases. Craniotomy tumor removal with gross total resection as simpson grade 2 was achieved in both patients. In the second case pre-operative embolization was performed in order to achieve optimal resection. Histopathology examination confirmed as atypical (WHO grade II) in the first case and trantitional Meningioma (WHO grade I) in second case. Follow up imaging post operation showed no residual mass lesion in both patients. There were no further management in these patients. Both of patients showed improvement in their neurologic function and able to activity without restriction in daily living. Serial imaging examination is planned to observe reccurence of the tumor. CONCLUSION Clinical presentation and management of meningioma in these patients are similar as meningioma commonly. Both of patients showed clinical improvement after craniotomy tumor removal succesfully.

The Sunda Banda Seascape (SBS) in Indonesia’s Coral Triangle is considered one of the top priority marine ecoregions for conservation by the Indonesian government. The region is divided into three subseascapes, which includes the Lesser Sunda Subseascape (LSS), the Southern-Eastern Sulawesi Subseascape (SESS), and the Inner Banda Arc Subseascape (IBAS). The SBS dashboard provides a science-based assessment of the status of 22 indicators grouped within five domains, which includes: (1) enabling conditions, (2) human well-being, (3) ecosystem health, (4) fish and fisheries, and (5) governance, across marine protected areas (MPAs) in the SBS region for 2017. Each indicator is evaluated at MPA level and then scored at the subseascape level using three categories: ‘above average/optimal’, ‘average/ acceptable’, and ‘below average/below optimal’.

The Sunda Banda Seascape (SBS) in Indonesia’s Coral Triangle is considered one of the top priority marine ecoregions for conservation by the Indonesian government. The region is divided into three subseascapes, which includes the Lesser Sunda Subseascape (LSS), the Southern-Eastern Sulawesi Subseascape (SESS), and the Inner Banda Arc Subseascape (IBAS). The SBS dashboard provides a science-based assessment of the status of 22 indicators grouped within five domains, which includes: (1) enabling conditions, (2) human well-being, (3) ecosystem health, (4) fish and fisheries, and (5) governance, across marine protected areas (MPAs) in the SBS region for 2017. Each indicator is evaluated at MPA level and then scored at the subseascape level using three categories: ‘above average/optimal’, ‘average/ acceptable’, and ‘below average/below optimal’.

Fiber Optic Gyroscope is an optical sensor that can determine the position of the angle of motion of an object. FOG works based on the Sagnac effect, which states that the phase shift between two opposite waves propagates in the interferometry of the rotating ring, and proportional to the angular velocity. Goodness performance indicator of measurement system, is having a small noise. Angle Random Walk is the biggest noise contribution to the error value. In this research, noise estimation from ARW has been done. OFOG performance based on ARW has been described in the ARW simulation based on photon emission and the amount of data sampling per time. The effect of ARW on performance is explained on the PDF graph. Error reduction techniques from ARW values have also been presented to improve OFOG performance. FOG measurement system was developed and experimental results were discussed in this research.

West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) has a very diverse mineral content both metal and non-metal minerals. Sekotong Sub District in West Lombok Regency has mineral resources such as gold, copper, and silver. Artisanal and small scale gold mining activities are carried out without calculating how much potential mining materials are available and at what point and at what depth the minerals are located, the required cost, labor and time. Similarly, cases that occur in artisanal and small scale gold mining areas also occur in the Rambut Petung area, Sekotong Sub District. Therefore, special methods are required to determine the presence of excavated materials that settle beneath the surface of the earth. The method that is often used in identifying subsurface is the geophysical method. The utilization of geophysical methods must be under the nature of the materials to be examined. The data processing results indicate that there are layers consisting of breccias, lava, tuff with lens limestone. Based on the resistivity log, the resistivity value is 44.56 ohms, 3-11 m the resistivity value is 17.33 ohms, 11-89 the resistivity value is 42.39 ohms, and the value of 89-130 is 309.81 ohms.

The environmental impact of mining on land is unavoidable, which calls for actions to optimize the unused surface-mined lands. One of the alternatives is to the unused surface-mined lands for tourism destinations. As a tourism destination, this effort will local people in terms of regional development and community’s incomes. This research aims to analyze the extent of how to utilize the unused surface-mined lands in the Balibe Hill, Bonder Village, Central Lombok. The research design will employ field observation and interviews with local government and local community. This is important to gain data and information about the existing environmental condition and the community’s livelihood in the study location. The data will be analyze to find out the possibility of turning the unused surface-mined lands into tourism destinations and assessing the benefits of the initiative on the environment and the local community. The results show that the alternative use of the unused surface-mined lands can be beneficial if they are designed to become tourism destinations. Unproductive lands can be converted into productive lands, considering that tourisst destination in the unused surface-mined lands will have specific and unique identity for tourists. The new tourist destination requires facilities and infrastructure that are representative to support the functions.

Hydrogeological conditions can provide information on movement and groundwater conditions, which have a significant influence on mining activities, especially underground mining. Research using geo-electric has been applied in various fields. This study aims to analyze the distribution of aquifers in the Sekotong area and provide basic planning tools to regulate underground mining in NTB Province. This study uses a geo-electric survey to assess hydrogeological conditions in underground mining by using the specific vertical electric sounding (VES) of Schlumberger array method, with 3 points (BP 01, 02, and 03). The output from the geo-electric survey shows that the apparent resistivity curve is being checked using IP2Win software. The results of this study indicate the value of the resistive type is between 3 - 25 Ωm; it can be concluded that the aquifer layer is at a depth of 1.5 m to 60 m. However, from data analysis, it was shown that the study area was formed by half of the tuff layer and cracked breccias. Therefore, below 60 m depth, it is indicated that permeable layers formed by volcanic breccia and lava are present.

Mining activities have a considerable effect on the environment. One of the efforts made by the Government is to require mining companies to provide Reclamation Bonds. This Insurance is a total of funds paid by mining companies to the Regional Government as an Insurance for Mining Licensing Owners to reclaim the ex-mining land produced. Based on Article 95 of Law Number 4 of 2009, one of the obligations of Mining Licensing Owners is to apply the rules of proper mining techniques. This research was conducted in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province using interview and documentation methods from the Energy and Mineral Resources Office of West Nusa Tenggara Province. The data used are data of Mining Licensing Owners and data of owners that submitting reclamation insurance. The results of this study are known to 306 Licensing in NTB Province, 127 of which have made reclamation bond payments, while 179 licensing have not made payment. Therefor, as many as 41.5% of licensing owners have had the awareness to pay reclamation bonds. Increasing supervision and administrative sanctions are two measures that can be applied to increase the awareness of Mining Licensing Owners who have not paid reclamation insurance.

One of the artisanal mining locations in West Nusa Tenggara Province is Pelangan Village, Sekotong Sub-district, West Lombok District. There are two main activities in the artisanal mine site, namely mining operations and material processing, that commonly use logs and mercury (Hg). This study aims to determine the effect of differences in log spacing from mercury content in well water at Pelangan Village, Sekotong Sub-district. This study uses the Cross-Sectional research method to obtain an overview of mercury levels in the Pelangan Village of Sekotong Sub-district based on distance and to determine the differences in variables using Chi-Square statistical test. The results showed that 46 water wells had mercury levels less than 0.001 mg/l and 8 water wells had mercury levels more than 0.001 mg/l. From the results of chi-square analysis, the Pearson Chi-Square value was 6.541 with df = 1 and a significant value less than 0.05. The Chi-Square value concluded that there is an effect between the distance of the log and the mercury content of the community water well. To avoid the mercury pollution, three strategies should be applied including distance of water well from the pollution source should bigger than 95 meters, the best distance, and replacing mercury with something that more environmentally friendly.

Aluminium nanoparticles (Al NPs) have been synthesized using electrochemical method. The synthesis was conducted by electrolysis of aluminium metal in a sodium citrate solution as an electrolyte solution. Formation of Al NPs was investigated on the variation of potential (5-50 V), concentration of electrolyte solution (0.02-0.42 M), and electrolysis time (15-75 minutes). The obtained product was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. XRD pattern indicate that the obtained product was aluminium nanoparticles. The result show that the size of Al NPs were 56-63 nm with the Al compositions of 7.08%. The optimum condition was reached at 40 V with 0.18 M sodium citrate solution during 45 minutes electrolysis process. The plasmon band peak was found at 234 nm. In this condition Al Nps is more stable.

This study emphasizes the fulfillness of the audit objectives with performed by evaluating the audit procedures on accounts receivable of non-public company, both related to the audit objectives of detailed balance and the audit objectives of presentation and disclosure. Auditors perform audit procedures include tests of controls and test of detailed balance on accounts receivable account, to reach audit assurances that the audit objectives have been met so that the information and figures included in the presentation and disclosure in accordance with general acceptance standard in Indonesia. This study using the descriptive method which analyzes working papers of auditors that contains the audit procedures performed by the auditor. This study show that not all the audit objectives are met because the audit procedures are not all performed by the auditor. This has significant implications for the presentation of accounts receivable in the financial statements which are not in accordance with the accounting standards. Results of this study are expected to contribute knowledge of audit science.Keywords: account receivable, audit procedures, audit objectives

Financial literacy affects a person's way of thinking on the financial condition and influence strategic decisions in terms of finances and better management for business owners. This study uses secondary data as study materials which will be given to the micro level that businesses with a turnover of up to 300M per year in which the segment in general do not have good financial records to then be used as financial statements. In a study using 12 samples of SMEs in the area of Depok randomly selected. This study uses processed using descriptive statistics as well as the weighting at the level of financial literacy. Results from this study indicate that the level of financial literacy of low business owners so that the effect on the ability to manage finances. This is reflected in the financial results of the attitude of business owners where they merely record the receipt and expenditure of financial business without being accompanied by supporting documents storage. Business owners so far have not made the budget as a basis for evaluating the performance of their businesses. In addition the ability of business owners to manage cash surplus and deficit shows the majority of using banks or non-banks. They have not yet reached the stage of investing in financial products. Simple research is expected to contribute to the field of accounting related to business continuity, especially in terms of financial management business through increased financial literacy. Keywords:. financial literacy, financial management, record keeping, budget