Search

In the present study, line× tester analysis was carried out at Castor-Mustard Research Station, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat, India during rabi 2018–19 (October 2018 to February 2019) in order to estimate all three types of heterosis (relative heterosis, heterobeltiosis and economic heterosis) for identification of superior cross combinations of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern&Coss]. Thirty-five hybrids along with five CMS lines, seven testers and check GDM 4 were evaluated for ten different traits. The F1 generation of all the crosses exhibited fertility restoration with pollen fertility except F1 crosses with Vardan, Rohini and SKM 319 fertile line (0%). The remaining crosses exhibited pollen fertility ranging from 68.26% (Kranti×SKM 303) to 85.17% (Kranti×Mori ‘R’ 1-18). The analysis of variance for parents, hybrids and parents vs. hybrids revealed that mean sum of squares of parents were highly significant for majority of the characters except days to maturity. Whereas, hybrids differed highly significant for all the characters. Comparison of mean squares due to parents vs. hybrids was found significant for almost all the characters except number of seeds siliqua-1 and oil content. This indicates that considerable amount of genetic variability present among the parents and hybrids for all the characters studied. On the basis of per se performance, three hybrids viz., Kranti×Mori ‘R’ 1-18, SKM 9928×PusaAgrani and SKM 9928×Mori ‘R’ 1-18 were foundpromising for seed yield plant-1 over the standard check GDM 4.With respect to heterosis, one of the hybrid Kranti×Mori ‘R’ 1-18 (17.85 %)manifested significant and positive standard heterosis for seed yield plant-1.

Trace elements associated with ambient air dust particles have been investigated to assess future non-cancer toxic risk in children and adults. To investigate the trace elements, samples were collected with Respirable Dust Sampler at various locations in Dhanbad, India, during post-monsoon 2016, winter 2017, and summer 2017. Monitoring locations were selected along the roadside with heavy traffic load (Shramik Chowk), moderate-to-low traffic load (Dhaiya Gate), and low traffic load with small-scale industries (Govindpur Tata Motors). Further, the health risk caused due to the exposure of the trace elements was determined with the help of hazard quotient and hazard index. The hazard index value of Pb for children due to multi-pathway exposure was found to be > 1 in winter 2017 at all monitoring locations and in summer 2017 at Shramik Chowk and Govindpur Tata Motors will cause future non-cancer toxic risk in children. The hazard index value of Pb for children due to multi-pathway exposure was found to be > 1 in winter 2017 at all monitoring locations. The same in summer 2017 at Shramik Chowk and Govindpur Tata Motors would pose future non-cancer toxic risk in children. For adults, the values of hazard index for the investigated trace elements suggest that it would not cause future non-cancer toxic risk in them. Thus, understanding the presence of trace elements in the ambient air around roadside areas and its health risks is of utmost importance in view of implications for protective measures.

ICH is one of the most serious neurological emergency which can result in high mortality which may be related to catecholamine release. We aim to evaluate serum catecholamine levels in acute ICH and correlate their levels with clinical parameters of stress and outcome.Consecutive patients with CT proven ICH within 7 days of ictus were included and their clinical finding, SIRS Parameters, GCS, NIH score, laboratory parameters (ESR, CRP) were evaluated. Serum Catecholamine (DA, NE, E) levels were measured by LCMS. The patients were followed up at discharge and one month, the outcome was defined by mortality and 1 month modified Rankin scale (good 0-2, poorgt;2).There were 31 patients of acute ICH. Patients were admitted 1 to 2 days after ictus. Among the patients 19 were male and 12 were female.Their age ranged from 31 to 86 with mean 53.3+- 16.7. History of hypertension was present in 27.3% of patients. Their average GCS was median 12 (6.0, 15.0) and NIHSS was 12.5 (8.5, 22) Their average ESR was 30 (13,56) and average CRP was 1.8 (1.1, 5.9). Almost all pateints had raised SIRS parameters. There was an increase in levels of Dopamine (63.2 pg/ml), Epinephrine (73.5 pg/ml) and Norepinephrine (390pg/ml) on admission as compared to their levels 1 week after ictus or on discharge (Dopamine 35.6, Epinephrine 52.1, and Norepinephrine 241 pg/ml).CA surge is common in ICH pateints and it correlates with severity and outcome of patient. 6 pateints died in the hospital 72 % of patients had poor outcome. Catecholamine levels were higher in poor outcome patients.

To improve the mechanical properties of the weld structure and to reduce the manufacturing costs, the welding parameters of TIG welding process needs to be optimized. The present investigation focused on the optimization of the procedure parameters of TIG joining procedure. AISI 304 materials selected as a base metal. The dimension of specimen is 200 mm × 50 mm × 3 mm. The specimen was butt-welded by the TIG welding method. Selection of input parameters is based on their significance effect on the mechanical properties of weld structure. The selected input parameters are Voltage, Current, Gas flow and root gap. The number of experiments carried out is 27, which is designed by Taguchi L27 orthogonal array using four factors and 3 levels by MINITAB-17software. Conducting tensile strength test checks the final weld quality

In turbomachinery field, axial flow fan is the most important component of the rotatory system as it increases the pressure rise and improves fan characteristic. The performance of axial fan with d...

The reliability and service performance of welded structure depend upon the mechanical strength of different welded joints. With an aim to enhance the weld properties, an auxiliary vibratory setup has been designed. In present investigation, a comparative study has been done in between conventional SMAW and vibratory SMAW process. Various combinations of base metal and filler metals are used for investigation. The microhardness and tensile tests were conducted for evaluation of mechanical properties. The results show that with the application of the vibratory treatment, the values of hardness, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increased. The microstructure study shows that, as compared to the conventional welding process, the vibration welding has fine-grain structure. The study also discusses the solidification behavior during vibratory welding process. Vibratory welding techniques used in the investigation have less investment, more convenient operation, less pollution, and shorter manufacturing period.

Dust at orbital altitude on Mars could be mainly due to interplanetary source, cometary source or natural satellites of Mars. Recent work and MAVEN observations predict that dust at orbital altitudes could be interplanetary in nature. Since, the source of such particles is not understood unambiguously, it remains a puzzling question to space scientist about what is a source of it. An instrument on future Mars orbiter, which can measure the dust particle parameters like mass, velocity and flux, may be helpful to address such issues. In this article, dust flux at orbital altitudes on Mars is presented in the initial part. To study origin, abundance, distribution, flux and seasonal variation of dust at orbital altitude on Mars, a Mars Orbit Dust Experiment (MODEX) has been proposed and development of its prototype has been initiated at Physical Research Laboratory. Though, earlier dust detectors by other researchers might have been designed using the impact plasma theory, they are not found with thorough explanation explicitly, in the literature. We have presented the impact plasma theory for the first time to explain detector target design. Also, a prototype dust detector, its front end electronics and initial testing results using a pulse laser are reported here. The ions and electrons of impact plasma have been separated using biased electrodes. The results demonstrate the possible use of pulse laser for testing the impact ionization dust detector, prior to calibrating the dust detector using a dust accelerator facility. The detector under development could provide actual dust flux coming to Mars and using the measurements, one can understand the origin, abundance, distribution, flux and seasonal variation of dust.

The formation of stone is one of the common problems of urinary system and as per modern science only few medicines are available for such condition along with surgery. It is second most common disease of urinary tract with high recurrence rate. The common symptoms of ureter culculi are pain, haematuria, burning micturiton, dysurea, tenderness and sometimes fever. Ayurveda described Mootrashmari as urinary calculus disease of Mutravaha Srotas and considered as Asthamahagada. Ayurveda described various treatment approaches for the management of disease; use of herbs, ayurveda formulation and Kshara, etc. this article presented summarative review on Mootrashmari. Keywords: Ayurveda, Ashmari, Mutravaha Srotas, Mootrashmari

Due to use of fossil fuels for the human activities found a significant effect on the environment as well as people's health. Hence, the researchers from all around the world are searching for the sustainable solution through non-conventional sources of energy like wind, biomass, solar energy etc. Among all non-conventional sources of energy, solar energy is prevalent. Pasteurisation is a process of heating of food or liquid for the killing of bacteria. For pasteurisation of milk, dairy industries require boiler or heat exchanger, and it consumes energy, and sometimes they need fossil fuels. Hence, a primary aim of this review paper is to discuss various research works have conducted by researchers on milk pasteurisation system so an appropriate best solution can be found for sustainable development.

Extracorporeal septoplasty is a valuable tool in the armamentarium of the nasal surgeon for the reconstruction of the severely deviated septum. Extracorporeal septoplasty offers the surgeon the opportunity to correct the septum under direct visualization, shape the nasal vault and address the nasal dorsum with the ultimate goal of providing both form and function for the patient with a complex septal deviation. The study was conducted with the aim to measure the outcomes of extracorporeal septoplasty in severely deviated nasal septum, relief of symptoms (nasal obstruction), surgical complications, if any, revision, if any with objective to evaluate the functional outcome and aesthetic aspects of extracorporeal septoplasty. This was a prospective observational study of 35 patients with severe deviated nasal septum with or without external deformity of nose attending the ENT OPD between Jan 2015 and Jan 2016 at Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Post Graduate Institute, Indore (M.P.). In this study, 17 patients (48.57%) shows excellent improvement on VAS scale, out of which 13 patients shows excellent improvement and 4 patients shows good improvement on photographic assessment. 11 patients (31.43%) show good improvement on VAS as well as photographic assessment and 7 patients (20%) show moderate improvement on VAS scale and fair improvement on photographic assessment. Extracorporeal septal reconstruction is an important surgical option for the correction of the markedly deviated nasal septum. Fixation of the straightened and replanted septum at the nasal spine and dorsal septum border with the upper lateral cartilages is essential. Spreader grafts for stabilization of the internal nasal valve and dorsal onlay grafts to prevent dorsal irregularity are strongly encouraged.

A solar still is very simple device to convert available brackish or saline water into drinkable water by use of solar energy. But due to its lower distillate output, it is not used widely for indu...

A compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) is defined as a non-imaging-type concentrating collector where incident solar radiations, after reflection from the reflector, are not concentrated at a poin...

The present research paper deals with the theoretical and experimental investigation of solar stills with two different thermal energy storage materials, namely, marble pieces and sandstones. To carry out this research, three solar stills of 1 m square area have been made. All solar stills have been provided with a glass cover and a cooling and dripping arrangement for reducing top heat loss and maintaining a constant level of water. It has been found that the use of sandstones as storage materials and the cooling and dripping arrangement have a remarkable effect on the distillate output of a solar still. The set-up has been used to augment the distillate output throughout the day. Theoretical results have also been compared with the experimental results and have been found to be in good agreement.

The serum progesterone and estradiol profiles during synchronization of estrus by buck effect and PGF2α treatments were monitored in Surti does. Total eighteen non-pregnant does selected were evenly divided into 3 groups, 6 does in each group. The does of Group I were teased with a sexuallyactive- apronized buck; and those of Group II were treated with PGF2α, i.e., Inj. Lutalyse® @ 7.5 mg/doe IM twice 11 days apart, while the Group III served as untreated control. Blood samples were collected from all the animals on day 0 (before 1st PGF2α injection), 3rd day (during treatment), 11th day (before 2nd PGF2α injection), 14th day (after treatment) and 40th day (post-service) by jugular vein puncture. The serum separated was stored at -20°C till further analysis. In all the three groups, 83.33% does, conceived at first service in the sampling cycle. The overall mean serum progesterone concentration of Group I does (5.82±0.72 ng/ml) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) as compared to Group II (2.93±0.38 ng/ml) and III (2.88±0.30 ng/ml). Similarly, the overall mean serum progesterone concentration of Surti does on day 0 (2.65±0.46 ng/ml), 3rd (2.56±0.80 ng/ml), 11th (4.45±0.84 ng/ml) and 14th (3.40±0.63 ng/ml) did not differ significantly, but the overall mean level at day 40 (6.31±0.45 ng/ml) was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher, because most of animals became pregnant at that time. The overall mean serum oestradiol-17β levels of Group I (24.40±2.98 pg/ ml) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in Group II (15.77±1.77 pg/ml) and III (12.21±1.45 pg/ ml). On the other hand, the overall mean serum oestradiol-17β levels of Surti does on day 0 (12.89±1.21 pg/ml), 3rd (15.84±1.74 pg/ml), 11th (14.81±1.96 pg/ml), 14th (22.15±2.97 pg/ml) and 40th (21.64±5.16 pg/ml) did not differ significantly (p>0.05) and the slightly higher overall mean level found at 40th day might be the influence of the non-pregnant does at first service in the cumulative animals. The hormonal profile reflected the initiation of cyclicity and establishment of pregnancy in treated and control animals.

Trees are largest life form of the plants. There is a rich diversity of the plants over the world out of them trees registered for their maximum diversity in variable environmental condition. These are erect, branched, long lived plants that are important not only for soil conservation, environmental purification but also useful for their Medicinal and aromatic value for human beings. An herbal garden developed for ex-situ conservation of the Medicinal and aromatic plants in which 23 tree species of medicinally valuable plants belonging to 15 different families were introduced for their ex-situ conservation. Mostly tree species introduced from various places of Chhattisgarh are performing to propagate by their seeds and some also propagated by using other plant parts like Root buds, Stem cutting etc. Each plants having a certain medicinal properties so need for proper care and for their conservation. Tree species of Medicinal and aromatic plants are remarkable for their efficient values for human beings and also important for providing shade to the small herbaceous, shrub nature plants during high temperature range in summer season. These trees were planted in Herbal Garden to achieve the above goals.

There is a wide diversity of the plant species over the world. As per their genetic makeup as well as adaptability to their natural habitats the group of the individual plant species showing their presence in nature. On the basis of their utility plants are categorized as for Medicinal, Flowering, Ornamental plants etc. Loss of natural habitat, excess utilization, diseases etc are key factors playing a remarkable role in minimization of the plants. The number and variety may be variable based of plant tolerance capacity and related environmental condition. Nature has provided many modes to the plants for multiplication such as by Seeds and the plants which are not capable to produce seeds are having capacity for multiplication by another ways known as vegetative methods. Root, Stem, Leaf or their modified forms are capable to produce a second one copy of the same parental plants. Seed production rates, distribution pattern, capacity of germination in different environmental condition are leading factors for spreading of the plant species. The environmental condition which supports the root ignition and bud formation from vegetative parts of the plant is an urgent need for Plant growth. Present study aimed for propagation of various ornamental plants by all possible methods like seeds and by vegetative mode also. The plants were planted in the soil filled in poly bags separately and propagated for further utilization. INTRODUCTION India is a rich center of plant diversity due to varied climatic conditions as well as soil qualities which provide a better platform for the diverse plant groups. In India around 45000 plant species are spread over the area (Mayers, 1988). Variation in plant propagation can be observed in the nature like some plants are producing many seeds for future generation with their unique type of dispersal mechanism. Among a large diversity of the plants, many plants does not produces seeds and are equally distributed by propagating itself following another mode of propagation like by bud, bulb, rhizome, tuber, corm, stem cutting etc. Some plants are also capable to regenerate by both the methods like by their Seeds and Stem cutting. An ornamental plant acts as an interaction of the people towards them for their unique beauty. India is blessed with a numerous plant diversity of specified utility among them many of the ornamental plants are grown in small or in large scale in the country based on places as well as market demand. Vegetative propagation of Asculus indica through stem cutting treated with plant growth regulators was recorded by Majeed et. al. (2009). Some plants stems are producing easily roots whereas some generating roots very difficulty. (Nanda, 1970). Studies on wild ornamental plants were made by Reddy et. al (2012). Man made activities are mainly responsible for loss of the plant species (Arora, 1993). Nanda and Kochhar (1987) recorded that stem cutting as a popular plant propagation method. Curculigo orchiodes Gaertn – An endangered plants micropropagation was observed by Bhavishwa et. al (2003). Patter P. V. and Jayraj M. (2012) studied on Rapid callogenesis and plant regeneration from nodal explants of Sida cordifolia L. an important medicinal plant. Propagation of the node explants of Rose was studied by Farahani and Soodeh (2012). Ornamental plants cutting experiment done by Fazal and Shard (1991). In vitro studies on different plants were conducted by Bisth et. al (2011), Naz et. al (2012), Praveen and Rasheed (2013) and Shokri et. al (2012). Growth regulator effect on rooting of Corylus colurina was done by Kurtela et. al (2001). The current study aimed for Propagation of the various ornamental plants with minimum prize and by simple technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current study was conducted during 2011 -1012 in the departmental nursery of rural technology at G.G.V. (A Central University) Bilaspur (C. G.). Several poly bags were filled with fertile soil collected from River basin Arpa. Each five poly bags were used for propagation of all the plants individually. The plant propagules/parts were used for multiplying them. As per need of the plant/parts were supplied water and further weed, nutrient diseases etc. were managed by suitable technique over the study period. Plant parts used for propagation were collected from different sites of the Chhattisgarh state. More than half of the studied plants were propagated by using their stem cutting as were oblique deep in poly bags soil and in initial stage provided light irrigation. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results of the current study shown in Table – 1. Habits of the studied plants given in Table 2. Table -3 is for Propagation mode of varied ornamental plants. Family wise distributions of the plants are given in Table 4. Graphical representation of the studied plants habit, propagation mode and related families are also shown. Table -1. List of the “Ornamental plants and their Mode of Propagation”. S. No. Botanical Name Family Habit Propagation Parts Mode of Propagation 1. Asparagus racemosus Willd. Liliaceae Shrub/Climber Seed/Tuber Poly Bags 2. Bougainvillia glabra Nyctaginaceae Shrub Stem cutting Poly Bags 3. Caladium bicolour Vent. Araceae Herb Bulb Poly Bags

Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) has been established for 2-aminoquinoline-6-carboxamide melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) 1R antagonists. The multiple linear regressions were used to generate the relationship between biological activity and calculated descriptors. From the 100 of models with r 2 > 0.700 was developed. Final selected model was prepared using four descriptors (DMXC, KChiV4, Rcom, and IM1L) which are belong to topological, steric, spatial and electrotopological class descriptor. The validation of the model was done by cross validation; randomization and external test set prediction. The binding pattern of most active compound B15 was postulated based on the pharmacophoric features to further exploration of QSAR model Keywords: QSAR; MCH1 receptor; Obesity; Aminoquinline. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2126 J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 594-605 (2009)

The consortium of Bacillus cereus (DQ002384), Serratia marcescens (AY927692) and Serratia marcescens (DQ002385) were used for pentachlorophenol (PCP) degradation. The consortia showed better overall removal efficiencies than single strains by utilization of PCP as a carbon and energy source confirmed by pH dependent dye indicator bromocresol purple (BCP) in mineral salt media (MSM). Mixed culture was found to degrade up to 93% of PCP (300 mg/l) as compared to single strains (62.75–90.33%), at optimized conditions (30 ± 1°C, pH 7 ± 0.2, 120 rpm) at 168 h incubation. PCP degradation was also recorded at 20°C (62.75%) and 37°C (83.33%); pH 6 (70%) and pH 9 (75.16%); 50 rpm (73.33%) and 200 rpm (91.63%). The simultaneous release of chloride ion up to 90.8 mg/l emphasized the bacterial dechlorination in the medium. GC–MS analysis revealed the formation of low molecular weight compound, i.e., 6-chlorohydroxyquinol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol and tetrachlorohydroquinone, from degraded sample as compared to control.

Five new mixed ligand coper(II) complexes, viz. [Cu(SAA)(H2O)] (1), [Cu(SAA)(MeImH)] (2), [Cu(SAA)(EtImH)] (3), [Cu(SAA)(BenzImH)] (4) and [Cu(SAA)(MebenzImH)] (5), where SAA = salicylideneanthranilic acid, MeImH = 2-methylimidazole, EtImH = 2-ethylimidazole, BenzImH = benzimidazole, MebenzImH = 2-methylbenzimidazole, have been synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, FAB mass spectrometry, magnetic susceptibility, X-band EPR, electronic spectroscopy, IR and cyclic voltammetry. The frozen solution EPR spectra of the complexes have shown axial features. Single crystal X-ray analysis of 2 and 3 has revealed the presence of a distorted square planar geometry (N2O2) in the complexes. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of the present complexes has also been measured and discussed.

Eight aerobic bacterial strains were isolated from pulp paper mill waste and screened for tolerance of kraft lignin (KL) using the nutrient enrichment technique in mineral salt media (MSM) agar plate (15 g/L) amended with different concentrations of KL (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 ppm) along with 1% glucose and 0.5% peptone (w/v) as additional carbon and nitrogen sources. The strains ITRC S6 and ITRC S8 were found to have the most potential for tolerance of the highest concentration of KL. These organisms were characterized by biochemical tests and further 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) sequencing, which showed 96.5% and 95% sequence similarity of ITRC S(6) and ITRC S(8) and confirmed them as Paenibacillus sp. and Bacillus sp., respectively. KL decolorization was routinely monitored with a spectrophotometer and further confirmed by HPLC analysis. Among eight strains, ITRC S(6) and ITRC S(8) were found to degrade 500 mg/L of KL up to 47.97% and 65.58%, respectively, within 144 h of incubation in the presence of 1% glucose and 0.5% (w/v) peptone as a supplementary source of carbon and nitrogen. In the absence of glucose and peptone, these bacteria were unable to utilize KL. The analysis of lignin degradation products by GC-MS analysis revealed the formation of various acids as lignin monomers which resulted in a decrease in pH and a major change in the chromatographic profile of the bacterial degraded sample as compared to the control clear indications of biochemical modification of KL due to the bacterial ligninolytic system by ITRC S(6), namely, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, guaiacol, hexanoic acid, and ITRC S(8), namely acetic acid, propanoic acid, ethanedioic acid, furan carboxylic acid, 2-propanoic acid, butanoic acid, 3-acetoxybutyric acid, propanedioic acid, acetoguiacone, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 5-carboxaldixime, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenol, and dibutyl phthalate, indicating the bacterium characteristic to degrade G and S units of lignin polymer.

Clinical care pathways have placed renewed emphasis on caries risk assessment and the ability to predict and prevent further disease. With diet considered a key factor in the development of caries, the level of caries risk posed by dietary habits, such as the frequency of intake and timing of free sugars is questioned.To identify reliable and simple dietary risk factors for caries experience.A cross-sectional observational study of a convenience sample with data gained from clinical examinations, questionnaire and a 24 hour dietary-recall interview.128 subjects aged 11-12 from comprehensive schools in Greater Manchester and Newcastle upon-Tyne, UK.free sugars consumed between meals, before bed and total % of total free sugars consumed were assessed from dietary assessments led by a dietitian. D4-6MFT was generated with a caries threshold of ICDAS stage 4 from clinical examinations.Analysis revealed no significant differences in caries experience when looking specifically at caries into dentine, referred to as the cavity group (split at D4-6MFT), between high and low deprivation, consumption of free sugars between meals and free sugars (%). The consumption of free sugars within the hour before bed revealed a statistically significant difference between the cavity/no cavity groups (p=0.002). Logistic regression analysis on the cavity/no cavity groups revealed an odds ratio of 2.4 (95%CI 1.3,4.4) for free sugars consumption before bedtime.The study suggests that the consumption of free sugars before bedtime may be an important risk factor for adolescent caries into dentine experience.

In the present chapter, the widely common problem of handwritten character recognition has been tackled with multiresolution technique using discrete wavelet transform and artificial neural networks. The technique has been tested and found to be more accurate and economic in respect of the recognition process time of the system. Features of the handwritten character images are extracted by discrete wavelet transform used with appropriate level of multiresolution technique, then the artificial neural networks is trained by extracted features. The unknown input handwritten character images are recognized by trained artificial neural networks system. The proposed method provides good recognition accuracy for handwritten characters with less training time, less no. of samples and less no. of iterations.

Seven aerobic bacterial strains were isolated from pulp paper mill waste and screened for pentachlorophenol (PCP) tolerance on PCP containing mineral salt agar medium (MSM). The organism was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing which showed 99.7% sequence similarity with Serratia marcescens. PCP degradation was routinely monitored with spectrophotometric analysis and further confirmed by HPLC analysis. Among seven strains, ITRC S7 was found to degrade up to 90.33% of 1.127 mM (300 mg/l) of PCP and simultaneous release of chloride ion (2.435 mM) emphasized the bacterial dechlorination in the medium in presence of glucose as an additional carbon and energy source under optimized condition within 168 h incubation. In absence of glucose bacterium was unable to utilize PCP indicating the phenomenon of co-metabolism. Bacterium was identified as S. marcescens (AY927692), was a novel and potential aerobic bacterial strain capable of degrading PCP in axenic condition. Further, this strain may be used for bioremediation of PCP containing pulp paper mill waste in the environment.

THE SIGNATURE METHOD FOR SOME CLASSES OF TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM

The present paper deals with the problem of handwritten character recognition of English character. This paper presents a novel method of handwriting character recognition which exploits a compression capability of discrete wavelet transform to enhance the accuracy of recognition at the pixel level, the learning capability of artificial neural network and computational capability of Euclidean distance metric. The problem of handwritten character recognition has been tackled with multiresolution technique using discrete wavelet transform and learning rule through the artificial neural network. Recognition accuracy is improved by Euclidean distance metric along with recognition score in case of misclassification. Features of the handwritten character images are extracted by discrete wavelet transform used with appropriate level of multiresolution. Handwritten characters are classified into 26 pattern classes based on appropriate properties i.e. shape. During preprocessing each character is captured within a rectangular box and then resized to a threshold size. Weight matrix of each class is computed using the learning rule of artificial neural network, and then the unknown input pattern vector is fused with the weight matrices of all the classes to generate the recognition scores. Maximum score corresponds to the recognized input character. Learning rule provides a good recognition accuracy of 88.46%. In case of misclassification, the Euclidean distance metric improves the recognition accuracy to 92.31% and then its product with recognition score further improves the recognition accuracy to 99.23%. The proposed method provides such good recognition accuracy for handwritten characters even with fewer data samples.

Phaeophyscia hispidula (Ach.) Moberg, foliose lichen is widespread in Garhwal Himalayas and grows luxuriantly on different substratum in polluted as well as non polluted sites, where no other macrolichens are able to colonize. The elemental concentration and biochemical parameters in P. hispidula collected from Dehra Dun city were analyzed to assess its tolerance to heavy metals. The major source of pollution in the city is automobiles. Among the biochemical parameters protein was significantly and negatively correlated with pigment concentrations (r = -0.3838 (Chl.b); -0.5809 (Carotenoid); -0.5034 (OD)) however it is significantly positively correlated with Cd (r = 0.6822: P0.01). Among heavy metals, Cd was negatively correlated with Cu (r = -0.4639), Fe (r = -0.2676), and Zn (r = -0.0549). It was observed that the chlorophyll and protein content increased parallel to the level of metallic pollutants indicating the mechanism of stress tolerance in P. hispidula. The study shows that P. hispidula is tolerant to inorganic pollution and a useful tool for biomonitoring of air quality in the Himalayan region.

Ubiquitous fine particulates can readily be bound to toxic metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and are considered to be a great threat to human health. The purpose of this study was to assess the magnitude of air pollution risks to public health by determining four crucial parameters- inhalable particulates, metals in particulates and PAHs which are associated with PM₁₀ in the air environment of Lucknow, India during 2007-09. The values of PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ ranged between 102.3-240.5 and 28.0-196.9 μg/m³ whilst the average PM₁₀ was 1.7 times and PM was 1.5 times higher than their respective NAAQS of 100 and 60 μg/m³ respectively. The estimated relative death rate and hospital admissions for each increase in the PM₁₀ levels of 10 μg/m³ ranged from 1.5-8% and from 3.9-8.0% (as per APHEA2 1990) respectively in persons65 yrs. Among the locations; AQ, AQ and AQ (with diversified activities and heavy traffic) recorded higher concentrations of both the particulate fractions than the AQ (residential area with low traffic). The average concentrations of Fe, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Cd in PM₁₀ were 219.4, 40.6, 35.1, 27.3, 22.2 and 16.2 ng/m³ and that in PM₂.₅ were 54.3, 33.9, 38.5, 29.4, 8.4, and 1.17 ng/m³ respectively Regression analysis revealed that correlation of metals with PM₂.₅ was stronger than PM. The ratio of metals adsorbed on surface of particles (PM₂.₅:PM₁₀) reveals that PM₂.₅ has more affinity for Ni, Cu and Pb and PM₁₀ for Cd, Fe and Cr. Health risk due to carcinogenic metals bound to respirable particulates was predicted by estimating excess cancer risk (ECR). The highest ECR value was estimated for Cr, 266.70 × 10⁻⁶, which was associated with PM10 and 100.92 × 10⁻⁶ which was associated with PM₂.₅, whereas lead has the lowest ECR value. Amongst PAHs, benzo(a)pyrene (51.96 ± 19.71 ng/m) was maximum in PM₁₀ samples. Maximum concentrations of PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, metals and PAHs were detected during winter, and the lowest was during monsoon. The higher prevalence of diseases among the population may be due to high concentration of particulates coated with toxic metals and PAHs present in air environment.

Domestic wastewater treatment has become a remarkable aquatic environmental problem for all over the world. Due to non-availability of cheaper methods and higher cost of treatment plants, municipalities are diverting untreated domestic wastewater in to aquatic bodies like ponds and lakes, where it is causing eutrophication due to higher concentration of nutrients and leads water unhygienic to use. Present research experimented by culturing Hydrilla verticillata, and Pistia stratiotes seprately in domestic wastewater for subsequent seven days over the year. The quality of domestic wastewater before and after the treatment/culture was evaluated by analyzing physico-chemical parameters of domestic wastewater followed by APHA-AWWA-WPCF (1980).The results of physico-chemical analysis of domestic wastewater and estimation of net primary productivity of experimental aquatic plants after the culture have indicated an improvement in water quality and increase in biomass. Both the aquatic plants proved to be efficient in treatment of domestic wastewater and their increased weight in culture has potential value in biomass generation.It is concluded that both the aquatic plants perform significant potential to remove nutrients from domestic wastewater and also showed seasonal variation for the purpose.

Edge is the boundary between an object and the background, and identifies the boundary between overlapping and non-over lapping objects. This means that if the edges in an image can be identified accurately, all of the objects can be located and basic properties such as area, perimeter, and shape can be measured. Here fuzzy logic based image processing is used for accurate and noise free edge detection and Cellular Learning Automata (CLA) is used for enhance the previously-detected edges with the help of the repeatable and neighborhood-considering nature of CLA. The different result of edge detection technique is compared with fuzzy edge detected and resulting edge is enhanced using CLA. In this paper, all the algorithms and result are prepared in MATLAB.

Colocasia esculanta Linn. is an annual herbaceous plant with small corms in side of the soil. All the plant parts are used as vegetable as well as medicinal purpose among the rural peoples. It is also a source of economic increment to the farmers. The study based on the assessing the cultivation of the Colocasia esculanta Linn. in Janjgir – Champa district of central part of Chhattisgarh state. The plant is also referred as a commercial crop. Many flavonoides and steroids have been isolated from Colocasia esculanta Linn. The plant is grown in India for especially its corm, leaves etc. India is marked as a center of origin of this plant. Plant produces more corms in sandy-black soil but capable to grow in all type of the soil, so it is cultivated over the state. During cultivation Well soil preparation, fertilizers, weed, disease etc. management is required. Out of them well water discharge from cultivated field play a key role for successful growth and development of the plant.The present paper focused on the cultivation and use of the Colocasia esculanta Linn in the Study area.

Present study deals with the study on mportant Medicinal plants diversity and documentation in G. G. V. – (A Central University) Bilaspur (C. G.). Many of the Medicinal plants have been recorded. Out of them a total number 36 species belonging to the family Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Solanaceae were listed. 10 species of Asteraceae, 17 species of family Fabaceae and 09 species of Solanacceae were observed. Highest percentage distribution of the plants shown by the family Fabaceae, whereas among three targeted families Solanaceae registered minimum % distribution in the university campus. After survey of area Medicinal plants were collected and categorized based on their related family and further scientific informations like Botanical name, Family, Habit, Parts used, Phyto-chemicals, Use and Propagation were noticed following literatures. The recorded data on Medicinal flora are listed in Tables and discussed furthermore.

The present study has been done on the traditional knowledge of the plants, widely used as Antidotes amongst the local peoples of north Bastar region of Chhattisgarh. The survey was conducted in north Bastar region of the Chhattisgarh state and information was collected from people about the plants used as Antidote against the treatment of Snake/Scorpion bite. The study revealed total of 29 species of plants belonging to 20 families widely used as antidote in northern part of Bastar. The plants species were documented on the basis of their phytochemicals and use in Antidote. Maximum of (03) species were belong to the family Asclepiadaceae and (02) each to family Fabaceae , Acanthaceae and Liliaceae. 75.86 % of the observed plants were found to be propagated by their seeds while, 6.89 % by rhizome, 10.34% by stem cutting and 3.44 % each by other plant parts like tuber and bulb. Study also revealed that plants yielding antidotes are propagated and conserved by the local people of northern region of Bastar as they are vital in treatment of snake/scorpion bite.

A medicinal plant includes specific chemical compounds in their body system that may be varying between plants. Genetic constitution and related environmental condition affect the presence of the Medicinal plants in certain area. Destructions of natural habitat is a leading factor responsible for loss of the species in any ecological area. Over exploitation, Diseases etc. are also supporting the extinction of the species. To maintain the existence in nature plants are producing a remarkable number of seeds once or twice in a year. Among a large group of the plants many of the plants are not capable to produces Seeds but such a condition nature has provided them the capacity to regenerate themselves by vegetative mode. Stem cutting, Bud, Leaf, Root are the vegetative parts of the plants are widely used for vegetative propagation. Amount of Seed production and their dispersal mechanism is specific and unique for variable plant species. Seed germination percentage is also changeable from plant to plant. Under vegetative propagation in the plants stem cutting experiment success depends upon the inition of roots and origination of new buds/leaf. The current study focuses on the multiplication of various Medicinal plants which are regenerating by both the methods Seeds as well as by their vegetative parts. The experiment was carried out in planting the Medicinal plants in poly bags. The findings of the experiment are listed in Table -01and discussed furthermore.

Utilization of herbal medicines over the world is increasing day by day due to their low side effect, minimum prize and for easily availability. There are many plants having potential values for treatment of varied diseases like Diabetes, Dental problem etc. Among the diverse Medicinal plants some are of remarkable potential for Diabetes and Dental problem which are focused in the current paper. India having around 45000 plant species, out of them many species of Medicinal plants are of rich potential for various diseases. Presence of the plants, traditional knowledge and mode of preparation are main factors leading to successful curing of the particular diseases. The present paper deals with the collection of information about the Medicinal plants used by local peoples from central parts of the Chhattisgarh state in India. Many Medicinal plants are utilized for various purposes. Out of them 30 and 25 plants were selected to document each problem as for Diabetes and for Dental problem. The observed plants are listed following their Botanical name, Common name, Family, Habit, Parts used, Mode of utilization and Propagation methods.

In this study a novel in situ rolling element bearing (REB) lubricant cooling system is developed that provides a continuous cooling of the bearing outer race. In the design the stationary outer race is expanded to accommodate a cooling coil for the continuous cooling of the lubricant and the outer race. Water is used as the coolant While Amsoil 75W-90 Severe Gear® oil is used as a lubricant. Heat generated during the test run is removed by the coolant flowing through the cooling coil. The tribological effects at the speeds of the cooling test were evaluated using block-on-ring tribometer tests. Results from the experiments indicate that in the absence of cooling the temperature of the bearing outer race rises while cooling dramatically lowers the temperature. Also, the coefficient of friction increases with increasing speed. As such, in situ cooling that leads to reduced operational temperature minimizes lubricant degradation that can result from uncontrolled frictional heating.Copyright © 2011 by ASME