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Competing Interests: None disclosed.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but severe and often overwhelming systemic hyper-inflammatory syndrome generally presenting with unexplained fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, and progressive multi-organ dysfunction. Treatment of HLH has two major goals: Halting the triggering event and controlling the overactive immune system. However, patients with primary or recurrent secondary HLH should subsequently undergo allogeneic HCT for long lasting disease remission. Hereby we present the case of a 69 years old man with recurrent HLH who underwent a reduced intensity conditioning of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and low dose total body irradiation followed by a haploidentical marrow graft and post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy), tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil as GVHD prophylaxis. He achieved a durable remission of HLH symptoms despite persistent myeloid mixed chimerism. The use of haploidentical donors and PTCy as tolerance inducing regimen is feasible in HLH. The achievement of mixed donor chimerism may be enough to control the clinical manifestations and to cure HLH., (Copyright © 2016 King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Taller workers earn more, particularly in lower income settings. It has been argued that adult height is a marker of strength which is rewarded in the labor market; a proxy for cognitive performance or other dimensions of human capital such as school quality; a proxy for health status; and a proxy for family background and genetic characteristics. As a result, the argument goes, height is rewarded in the labor market because it is an informative signal of worker quality to an employer. It has also been argued that the height premium is driven by occupational and sectoral choice. This paper evaluates the relative importance of these potential mechanisms underlying the link between adult stature and labor market productivity in a specific low income setting, rural Central Java, Indonesia. Drawing on twelve waves of longitudinal survey data, we establish that height predicts hourly earnings after controlling education, multiple indicators of cognitive performance and physical health status, measures of family background, sectoral and occupational choice, as well as local area market characteristics. The height premium is large and significant in both the wage and self-employed sectors indicating height is not only a signal of worker quality to employers. Since adult stature is largely determined in the first few years of life, we conclude that exposures during this critical period have an enduring impact on labor market productivity., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The behavior of noncoresident family members motivates much of the literature on consumption smoothing, risk-sharing, and informal networks, yet little is known empirically on the topic due to a lack of data simultaneously observing multiple households in an extended family. This study utilizes genealogically linked longitudinal data to examine how extended family networks insure against financial risks from severely limiting health conditions. We find that nonhealth consumption of unmarried households declines in response to worsening health, whereas married households smooth expenditures in a way that is consistent with full insurance. Families mitigate losses by reallocating home production, drawing down home equity, holding formal health insurance, collecting social security, and receiving transfers from noncoresident relatives. We illustrate that the costs of health shocks are transmitted throughout family networks, and that noncoresident children draw down their assets and consumption when responding to a parent's health decline., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The farm household model has played a central role in improving the understanding of small-scale agricultural households and non-farm enterprises. Under the assumptions that all current and future markets exist and that farmers treat all prices as given, the model simplifies households' simultaneous production and consumption decisions into a recursive form in which production can be treated as independent of preferences of household members. These assumptions, which are the foundation of a large literature in labor and development, have been tested and not rejected in several important studies including Benjamin (1992). Using multiple waves of longitudinal survey data from Central Java, Indonesia, this paper tests a key prediction of the recursive model: demand for farm labor is unrelated to the demographic composition of the farm household. The prediction is unambiguously rejected. The rejection cannot be explained by contamination due to unobserved heterogeneity that is fixed at the farm level, local area shocks or farm-specific shocks that affect changes in household composition and farm labor demand. We conclude that the recursive form of the farm household model is not consistent with the data. Developing empirically tractable models of farm households when markets are incomplete remains an important challenge.