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Planktic foraminifera are key producers of pelagic carbonate, and their shell weight is suggested to have been influenced by the environment in which they calcify. However, there is debate about the use of size-normalised weight (SNW) as a proxy, as some authors invoke a carbonate system control on calcification (and by extension SNW as a pCO2 proxy), while others suggest that species optimum conditions, nutrient concentration, or temperature drive shell weight. To better understand this proxy, we investigate what drives SNW and whether discrepancies in the proposed control on weight are due to differing data collection methodologies and/or regionally different drivers. We integrate new and published SNW data with environmental hindcast data from the CMIP6 modelling suite. Using Bayesian regression modelling, we find that the environment alone does not explain the variability in SNW across species. Although physiology likely modulates the response to the environment, we find little evidence of a unifying driver at the ecogroup level. Instead, we identify species-specific responses associated with drivers including (but not limited to) the carbonate system, which are likely different between ocean basins. We hypothesise that this is partly influenced by cryptic species and regional phenotypic plasticity in changes to shell weight that are not well understood, such as the thickness of calcite deposited during some species' reproductive phases. Consequently, which species to use as a pCO2 proxy or whether multiple species should be used in parallel to reduce uncertainty should be carefully considered. We strongly encourage the regional testing and calibration of pCO2–SNW relationships.

Relevance. Astilbe chinensis has clinical efficacy against many diseases, making this plant a potential natural source for treating diabetes and obesity with a mild, non-aggressive effect. Overall, the study of the biological properties of A. chinensis leaves is currently in its infancy.Aim. In this study, the anti-amylase and anti-lipase potential of aqueous extract of Astilbe chinensis leaves was investigated as an important source of natural complex substances with therapeutic potential. Methods. The total content of phenolic compounds was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and flavonoids by the colorimetric method according to the complexation reaction with aluminum chloride. The effects of aqueous/tea extracts of A. chinensis leaves on pancreatic amylase and lipase were studied via in vitro models in comparison with acarbose and orlistat, respectively. For these tests, the artificial substrates 1,2-O-dilauryl-rac-glycero-3-glutaric acid ester (6-methylresorufin) and 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol oligosaccharide were used.Results. The study of the effect of aqueous extract of A. chinensis leaves on pancreatic amylase and lipase showed a comparable inhibitory effect of 18% on both enzymes.

Introduction. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy is an important minimally invasive method for treating kidney stones. It is appreciated for its low injury rate and quick recovery. However, one of the most serious complications that can occur after this procedure is calculous pyelonephritis. The timing and safe removal of nephrostomy drainage in the postoperative period remain a significant concern for urologists. Objective. To determine the possibility of using joulemetry and monitoring urinary IL-8 levels to diagnose stone-related pyelonephritis activity following percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. Materials & methods. The study involved 220 patients with kidney stones who had percutaneous nephrolithotripsy at the SSMU Urology Clinic in 2022 – 2023. The patients were aged between 25 and 65 years, including 135 women (61.3 %) and 85 men (38.7 %). The control group consisted of 30 healthy people aged 24 to 67 years: 18 women (60 %) and 12 men (40 %). After surgery, electrochemical urine examination using the joulemetric method according to a patented technique was performed for patients with stone-related pyelonephritis and for those in the control group. Results. When analysing the urine IL-8 level, leukocyturia in the urine test, and the current operation based on joulemetry data, we observe a significant increase in all studied parameters on day 1 compared to the control group (p > 0.05). The values of the studied indicators reach their peak range by day 3 and return to those of the control group by day 5. At the same time, even if there is no leukocyturia on day three, the values of the current parameter and the urine IL-8 level remain elevated in most patients. Conclusion. Joulemetry helps to diagnose the activity of stone-related pyelonephritis in the postoperative period. This is confirmed by general clinical examinations and the determination of urine IL-8 as a marker of inflammation. Using this method allows optimising the timing of drainage removal after surgery.

Analyses of the three predominant types of sedimentation – siliciclastic, carbonate and black shale – revealed their discontinuity/continuity across various facies environments within the Middle and Late Devonian of the central part of the Volga-Urals petroleum province. These environments include condensed and non-condensed depressions, slopes of depressions and shallow water settings located on tectonic arches or local biohermal uplifts.The regional zonation of conodonts, correlated with the International chronostratigraphic chart, confirms the general stratigraphic completeness of the Middle-Upper Devonian geological record in this area. Meanwhile, sedimentation exhibited a discontinuous pattern, which enables to speak about the socalled “discontinuous continuity”. In particular, the sedimentation of organic-rich black shales, traditionally considered as oil-source rocks, lasted more than 29 million years, from the Late Eifelian up to the Devoniancarboniferous boundary. The longest hiatus (ca. 2.5 Ma) in the accumulation of black shales (as well as carbonates) took place at the end of the Givetian. Notably, this interval contains the most productive siliciclastic reservoirs.During the Early Eifelian to Early Frasnian (ca. 17 Ma), siliciclastic sediments demonstrate the highest accumulation rates and the maximum discontinuity caused by short marine transgressive episodes. Simultaneously, the most complete sequences were deposited in the depressions where carbonate and black shale sediments accumulated. During the Famennian (ca. 12 Ma), siliciclastic sedimentation completely ceased, leading to the stable accumulation of carbonate sediments on the slopes of depressions and in shallow waters; the deposition of organic-rich black shales continued in the deep axial settings of the troughs. Our results highlight the complexity of the spatial relationship between various coexisting sedimentation types and the incompleteness of the geological record in different environments.

This article examines the problem of marginalisation of young people in the post-industrial society of Japan who experience the mental state of ikizurasa, consisting of feelings of disunity, isolation, anxiety, and leading to the inability to obtain a stable and well-paid job. The socio-economic conditions for the emergence and spread of this condition among Japanese youth are described. Its socio-economic and personal-mental aspects are highlighted and disclosed. It has been established that the mental state similar to the ikizurasa is not a specifically Japanese phenomenon, as it is observed in the countries with a Western mentality, in particular in Europe. A critical analysis of the socio-political assistance programmes proposed by the Japanese government is conducted, revealing their weak effectiveness when applied to subjects experiencing the ikizurasa. A narrative approach has been proposed as an alternative to the government employment programmes. The characteristics of psychological assistance formats that use narrative methods are given. Using the example of the social practice of self-help groups, the psychotherapeutic effectiveness of the narrative approach has been identified and substantiated,consisting in the individual’s awareness of their own needs, strengthening the feelings of stability and integration of their Self, and in the emergence of an active subject position in relation to their own employment. Prospects for further research are outlined.

Long-term alcohol abuse causes psycho-emotional and cognitive impairment, including severe dementia. Oxidative stress is considered one of the main mechanisms in the cognitive disorders pathophysiology caused by long-term alcoholism. In this regard, the search for substances capable of correcting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress that arise as a result of prolonged ethanol consumption is relevant. Of particular interest in the complex treatment of alcoholic encephalopathy is Chinese hyssop (Lophanthus chinensis), used in Tibetan and Mongolian traditional medicine for liver diseases, as well as a means of improving the functional state of the body and metabolism, slowing down the aging process. Material and methods. Alcohol intoxication was modeled in Wistar rats by per os administration of a 40 % ethanol solution in a volume of 10 ml/kg for six weeks. The L. chinensis dry extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg was administered to animals per os starting from the third week, an hour after ethanol. On day 45, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase, NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase complex, concentration of ATP werei determined spectrophotometrically in the animal brain homogenate. Results. It was found that L. chinensis extract increases the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase (by 10 %, р = 0.016, by 31 %, р = 0.001, by 30 %, р = 0.041, by 29 %, р = 0.009, respectively) and GSH content (by 24 %, р = 0.019), and also reduces the concentration of MDA (by 20 %, р = 0.014) in brain tissue. A decrease in the intensity of oxidative stress enhances the functioning of enzymatic complexes I (by 23 %, р = 0.017) and II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (by 72 %, р = 0.001) and increases the ATP content (by 23 %, р = 0.029) in the rat’s brain. Conclusions. L. chinensis extract exhibits antioxidant effects and stimulates energy processes in neurodegenerative processes in the brain caused by long-term alcoholism.

When erecting a number of nuclear power plant structures, a precast-monolithic construction technology is used using reinforced formwork blocks consisting of a reinforcing frame and permanent formwork made of steel fiber concrete. The use of this technology allows to reduce the time of construction of the facility. At the same time, a number of problems arise related to the strength assessment and quality control of the laid concrete located behind the permanent formwork. The lack of direct access to the concrete surface does not allow the use of standardized non-destructive strength assessment methods. Defects of mono-lithic concrete in the form of caverns and voids become hidden and the use of specialized instrumental methods is required. To select the optimal method for assessing the strength of concrete and quality control of its laying, experimental studies of a fragment of a reinforced formwork block with laid monolithic concrete were carried out. It was established that the optimal method of quality control of laying is ultrasonic tomography, which allows to detect a defect be-hind permanent SFRC formwork, as well as to control reinforcement parameters. As a result of testing, it was proposed to use methods of predicting concrete strength based on temperature-time dependencies.

Abstract Background Dose reduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is an option for some chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients to minimize side effects while maintaining efficacy. Shared decision-making (SDM) and patient decision aids (PDAs) are advocated to make informed choices such as reducing the dose of TKIs. This paper describes the development and alpha-testing of a PDA for patients with CML receiving TKI dose reduction. Methods The PDA was iteratively developed following IPDAS guidelines. First, a needs assessment with semi-structured interviews was conducted to understand the needs and preferences of patients and healthcare providers. Second, through feedback cycles with the project team and steering group the scope, content, and format were defined. Third, three rounds of alpha-testing were performed via individual “think aloud” sessions with patients (round 1) and healthcare providers (round 2) to qualitatively assess the comprehensibility, acceptability, and desirability of the PDA. Round 3 included quantitative evaluation via an acceptability and usability questionnaire. Qualitative data were categorized, and quantitative data were descriptively analyzed. Results The majority valued the development of the PDA during the needs assessment (n = 30). The PDA included disease and treatment information, information about dose reduction, knowledge questions, and a value clarification section. During alpha-testing, the PDA was considered clear, balanced, and helpful for decision-making. A total of 76% of the patients (n = 17) and 100% of the healthcare providers (n = 9) recommended it with overall mean scores of 7.4 and 7.8, respectively. The above average usability score was 68.1. Conclusion A well-accepted online PDA for chronic phase CML patients to consider TKI dose reduction was developed.

Religious terrorism currently poses a major threat in many regions. Studying the problems associated with religious terrorism not only adds to theoretical development of the issue, but also addresses how to combat this threat. This article approaches religious terrorism through the concept of sacred violence as exemplified by the actions of proscribed terrorist organizations in the Central Asia, which have been on the rise since the late 20th century. The purpose of the study is to define the specific interpretation of sacred violence by terrorist groups using the example of the Central Asian region. To achieve this goal the authors aim 1) to systematize existing ideas about those aspects of culture on which terrorist organizations parasitize; 2) to highlight the reasons for the adherents of these organizations to turn to the concept of sacred violence; 3) using the example of the Central Asian region to establish the specifics of its interpretation in the context of Islamic terrorism; 4) to compare the neutral context of the interpretation of the concept of sacred violence with specific interpretations in Islamic religious terrorism. Since the article examines the ideological justification of Islamism and the use of religion to destabilize the political situation and legitimize violence against political opponents, the research materials were drawn from two types of sources: direct statements by the leaders of the movements under study, which are pseudo-theological constructs, and analytical materials, which are studies of such statements. The methodological basis of the study was the theory of social constructivism and approaches of comparative religious studies; the hermeneutic method and content analysis were used. The methods and approaches used helped clarify the specifics of successive political, institutional and regional changes in Central Asia that contributed to the spread of radical Islamist ideologies and their temporary popularity among some parts of the population. As a result, the study identified regional features of the interpretation of sacred violence that may contribute to its use as an integrator of group solidarity by the leaders of terrorist religious organizations. The paper shows that external influence from transnational terrorist organizations, infiltrating into the domestic political conflict, incited or directly provoked by ethno-religious terrorists, uses the ideological construction of sacred violence to attract followers, which seriously distorts traditional ideas of Islam. At the same time, it is the specific interpretation of the sacred by terrorist ideologists that can be used as a marker for distinguishing between terrorist organizations and other religious associations. The results obtained can contribute to further study of religious terrorism as a scientific problem and can also be used by competent authorities to optimize and develop appropriate anti-terrorist measures.

Aim and tasks. To examine the participation of China and India in the work of the Arctic Council by considering 3 criteria and compare the performance of 2 countries in the work of the Council based on these indicators.Methods. Structural-analytical approach, document analysis, comparative analysis, generalization and synthesis.Results. There are formulated 3 criteria in the article: the number of delegates sent by China and India to the meetings of the Senior Arctic Officials of the Arctic Council (SAO AC); the number of projects in which both countries participate within the framework of the Council’s working groups; the content of these projects and their distribution among the Council’s groups. The lists of participants in the meetings of the SAO AC and the reports Beijing and Delhi submitted to the institution in question were studied to identify the indicators. Based on the consideration of these indicators, a comparative analysis of the participation of China and India in the work of the Arctic Council was conducted.Conclusions. China is represented at SAO AC meetings by more delegates (2) than India (1–2 depending on the meeting). China implemented the largest number of projects in 2021–2023, India in 2019–2021. China increases its presence in the activities of the Council’s working groups with each period. The number of projects in which India participates jumps from period to period. China participated in 63 projects during the period 2013–2023, while India participated in 62 (this figure for India is not exact). Both countries focus on projects implemented within the framework of PAME, CAFF and AMAP, which is related to the environmental, climate and energy policies of the states. However, India does not participate in the projects of the EPPR group, which is an omission. Overall, China participates in the AC to a greater extent than India, and thus actually implements environmental policies in the Arctic.

The article presents the model and practices of human potential development. Human potential is considered in three contexts: the context of development, emerging markets (innovation and creative industries, entrepreneurship, etc.); the context of human “mightiness”, his or her ability to act in conditions of uncertainty, to create something new and unexpected; and the context of searching for the human in human potential, emphasizing the value-semantic aspects of human potential and cultural practices of its development. By human potential is meant the subject’s capabilities in cooperation with Significant Others to open prospects for self-development and self-realization in the described contexts. The developed model is based on the concept of “productive action”, supplemented by reflective practices of constructing opportunities and one’s own path, developing the ability to be a cultural, social, and economic subject. The development of human potential is proposed to be carried out along three vectors: “working with the ideal” (searching for one’s own meanings and developing reflection), “self-positioning in society” (social positions, connections, communities, reputation, career position, occupation, and types of activity), and “mightiness” (building the ability to “overcome one’s inability”, i.e., the ability to act on the frontier). The model allows researching, describing, and constructing practices of human potential development. The proposed model of practice and the structure of its description are presented, as well as examples of significant practices for the purposes of the study from the field of higher, secondary, and additional education.

Abstract Waste generated during asbestos manufacturing contains substantial quantities of iron, nickel, magnesium, and silicon. The existing techniques for processing chrysotile-asbestos waste (CAW) cannot fully recover these elements. Therefore this paper presents a hydrometallurgical method for processing the CAW of the Zhitikara deposit in the Kostanay region of Kazakhstan. Batch reactors are used in both laboratory and pilot experiments, and initial trials are conducted in a recently constructed industrial Ti reactor at the Kostanay Minerals JSC plant in the Kostanay region of Zhitikara. The primary benefits of the industrial reactor include operation without excessively grinding the feedstock and creation of a pulp with enhanced filtration properties. A moderate agitation speed (10 rpm) helps ensure a consistent pulp density and prevent the production of silica gel. Optimal leaching conditions are determined as a fraction size of CAW between − 1.25 and 0.25 mm, hydrochloric acid concentration of 18 wt%, temperature of ~ 85–90 °C, pressure of 1 atmosphere, and duration of 2 h. An investigation of the process kinetics reveals that diffusion is the rate-controlling step. Further, the activation energies are determined to be 54.4 kJ.mol− 1, and the leaching rates of Mg, Fe, and Ni under these conditions are 96.0, 87.8, and 81.3%, respectively. Washing and recycling water enhances helps to increase the recovery of magnesium chloride. Implementing pilot-scale hydrometallurgical processing of CAW can effectively address environmental issues that pose a threat to human health and provide commercial advantages.

Introduction. The article discusses the results of field tests of composite I-beam beam made of pultrusion fiberglass profiles (PSP) to assess their bearing capacity and deflections. The relevance of the study is due to the limited use of solid beams made of pultrusion fiberglass profiles for relatively large spans, which requires the use of composite beams. Constructive solutions have been developed for beams of composite I-section made of pultrusion fiberglass profiles, the belts of which are made of paired corners, with solid and perforated walls. Currently, there is no current regulatory documentation at the level of codes of practice or GOST, which provides a method for calculating the bearing capacity for composite sections made of PSP, especially beams with a perforated wall.Materials and methods. Experimental studies were performed on a three-point bend. During the field tests, vertical movements of the beams and wall deformations relative to the shelves were recorded.Results. According to the results of field tests, the bearing capacity, deflections, and composite I-beams with solid and perforated walls were determined. A comparative analysis with the results of experimental and numerical studies has been carried out.Conclusions. The significance of field tests is to assess the bearing capacity and deflections, beams of composite I-section made of pultrusion fiberglass profiles with three-point bending, the possibility of further development and improvement of their calculation methods.

Ecological and biogeochemical studies carried out in the Lake Teletskoye basin in 2016–2021 showed that the total nickel content in the waters of the lake’s tributaries ranged from 0.12 to 4.6 μg/dm3, an average of 1.8 ± 0.1 μg/dm3. The content of dissolved forms of nickel in rivers of the basin varied as 0.1–4.4 μg/dm3. It was within the maximum permissible concentration (MPC), being consistent with the published data for natural waters of Siberia. However, this indicator significantly exceeded the global average. It was established that in the waters of western tributaries of the meridional part of Lake Teletskoye the concentrations of dissolved Ni were significantly higher than in the waters of eastern tributaries. This may be explained by higher soil maturity of the western coast and iron presence, as well as greater sedimentary deposits and stronger anthropogenic impacts. In June 2022, the excess of MPC for nickel in the waters of western tributaries was recorded for the first time in several years of observations that may be explained, among other things, by increasing anthropogenic loads on the ecosystem of the catchments. The waters of the Chulyshman River bring up to 3.5 tons of nickel into Lake Teletskoye during spring-summer floods and 0.8 tons in the autumn low water periods, while the contribution of other tributaries to Ni input to the lake is at least 1–2 orders less. In the summer high-water period, the value of the module of nickel runoff from the catchment areas of different-size tributaries of Lake Teletskoye practically does not differ (0.19–0.21 kg/month from km2). During autumn low water, the nickel removal is more determined by intra-soil processes occurred in the catchment.

Accurate animal pose estimation in the wild is potentially useful for many downstream applications such as wildlife conservation. Currently, the main approach to assessing animal poses is based on identifying keypoints of the body and constructing the skeleton. However, a direct application of frameworks to human pose estimation is not successful due to the features of the skeletal structure of humans and mammals. In this study, we propose a two-stage method: coarse-tuning with animal detection using a bounding box, as is done in most similar methods, and fine-tuning with semantic segmentation of animal. The YOLOv8 Pose Estimation and Pose Keypoint Classification model was chosen as the base model for keypoint extraction. Extensive training experiments were conducted using the AwA2 dataset (with a small number of samples from own dataset), the AP-10K dataset, and the Tiger-Pose dataset. The trained model was tested on own dataset collected from camera traps in the Ergaki National Park, Russia. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm using additional semantic segmentation increases the accuracy of animal pose estimation by 3.6–4.8% on samples of the Ergaki dataset.

Aim. These recommendations are developed for practitioners in order to familiarize them with modern diagnostic methods, management features and pharmacotherapy of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).General provisions. GERD is the most common reason for patients to visit clinics. There are esophageal and extraesophageal manifestations of GERD. Patients' complaints of heartburn and regurgitation remain the most sensitive and specific clinical manifestations of GERD. The diagnosis of GERD is established on the basis of anamnestic data, instrumental examination (detection of reflux esophagitis during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, detection of pathological gastroesophageal reflux with 24-hour pH-metry or/and 24-hour pH-impedance monitoring). Patients with suspected GERD and the absence of erosive and ulcerative changes in the mucous membrane of the esophagus or the presence of erosive esophagitis of Grade A according to Los Angeles Classification of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease are recommended to conduct 24-hour pH-metry on PPI off to exclude or confirm the diagnosis of GERD. Patients with extraesophageal manifestations of GERD without classic symptoms (heartburn, regurgitation) are recommended to undergo 24-hour pH-impedance monitoring with discontinuation of proton pump inhibitor therapy. When deciding on surgical treatment, all patients need to perform high-resolution esophageal manometry and 24-hour pH-impedance monitoring. Complications of GERD include bleeding, strictures, Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. The main groups of medications used in the treatment of GERD are proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs), alginates, antacids, and prokinetics. PPIs are the drugs of choice in the treatment of both symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease and existing erosive esophagitis. Combination therapy Rebamipide with PPIs increases the effectiveness of relief of GERD symptoms, as well as reduces the frequency of relapses.Conclusion. These clinical recommendations will improve the quality of medical care for patients with GERD.

Digital maturity level determines the ability of an enterprise to quickly and effectively implement digital management tools, including in innovative activities. Increasing digital maturity is becoming a necessary task for innovative and active enterprises aimed at increasing business sustainability. Studying theoretical and methodological aspects of enterprises’ digital maturity allowed us to identify a range of current issues. Theoretical substantiation of the concept and content of an enterprise’s digital maturity has been carried out, and its key characteristics have been formed. Digital maturity assessment stages and tasks of increasing digital maturity in managing an enterprise’s innovative development have been highlighted. Methodological approaches digital maturity assessment has made it possible to form an authors’ way of organizing and managing digital maturity level. The authors recommend to create a working group and a Coordinating council for managing an enterprise’s digital maturity. The functional content of the activities of the council and its specialists at different levels has been proposed. To solve the problem of determining the time spent on managing and monitoring digital maturity, a mathematical model for time redistribution for operations has been developed. The optimization of operations complexity redistribution in monitoring an enterprise’s digital maturity has been carried out. The article concludes that effective organizational and technological management of an enterprise will open up the possibility of increasing its digital maturity level.

Background. Within the framework of the regional pilot project on selective exome screening of newborn children, which is carried out on the basis of the National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, we conducted molecular genetic testing of children who meet the criteria for inclusion in the increased group of hereditary diseases. We examine not only children with suspected genetic etiology of the condition, but also children with borderline clinical and laboratory manifestations and minor developmental anomalies.The aim of the study. To describe the clinical and phenotypic features of a patient with a previously undescribed Xq12q13.2 duplication detected in the neonatal period.Materials and methods. The child was examined within the framework of a regional pilot project on selective exome screening of newborn children. DNA was isolated from a biological sample of venous blood of the newborn, and whole exome sequencing and chromosomal microarray analysis were performed. Signed informed voluntary consent for the publication of the examination data and a photograph of the child were obtained from the legal representatives of the proband.Results. Data in favor of the presence of a previously undescribed Xq12q13.2 duplication, confirmed by the reference method were obtained in a patient included in the project in accordance with the clinical criteria for the formation of a risk group according to the data of the conducted whole exome sequencing. Discussion. Xq12q13.2 duplication was detected in the proband from the present clinical observation with non-specific clinical manifestations in the neonatal period. Similar duplications have been described in the literature in three patients with congenital malformations, epilepsy and psychomotor retardation. Early diagnosis of such a copy number variation disorder before the appearance of severe clinical signs of the disease will allow determining the prognosis and tactics of observation and treatment of the patient.Conclusion. The described case of Xq12q13.2 duplication in a patient demonstrates the importance of timely genetic analysis to optimize medical genetic counseling, reduce diagnostic search and improve prognosis for patients.

Background. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious threats to modern clinical medicine. Despite the significant successes of modern pharmacology, the search for effective antiseptics that can influence wound processes continues. In our study, an experimental study of the effect of Anolit solution on pathogenic microorganisms Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis was conducted.The aim. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the domestic antiseptic “Anolit” against gram-negative pathogens of nosocomial infections using the example of P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis.Methods. To assess the quality of the effect of “Anolit” on the studied colonies of microorganisms, experimental studies were performed in vitro. The bacteriological study was carried out in three stages using the Koch method.Results. “Anolit” is a modern antiseptic agent with a pronounced antimicrobial effect based on the electrolysis of aqueous solutions. Its ability to lyse pathogenic microorganisms (P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis) has been confirmed by experimental research.Conclusion. The bactericidal effect of “Anolit” on the growth of gram-negative bacteria is shown, proving its high antimicrobial efficacy.

Objective. To study the characteristics of severe acute bronchiolitis (AB) caused by hMPV (hMPV-AB). Materials and Methods: This retrospective comparative study included 27 patients aged 2 to 12 months, who were hospitalized from 2021 to 2023 in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the «Kommunarka» Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center. The etiology of AB was determined using polymerase chain reaction. Results. Patients with hMPV-AB had a longer stay in the ICU compared to patients with AB of another etiology (9.0 [5.0; 11.0]; 3,0 [2.0; 4.0] days, p = 0.007). Ratio SpO2/FiO2 was lower in patients with hMPV-AB (190.2 [131.0; 203.3]) compared to patients with AB of another etiology (275.0 [253.0; 340.0], p = 0.001). Rating on the Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA) was higher in patients with hMPV-AB (5.0 [3.45; 11.0] vs. 1.0 [0.54; 1.93], p = 0.002). One lethal outcome was recorded in the hMPV-AB group. Conclusions. hMPV-AB in children is characterized by a more severe course and requires more intensive treatment compared to AB of other etiologies.

The article traces the evolution of relations between Russia and India, including on issues of joint implementation of Arctic projects. The areas in which interaction is already taking place between the parties in the Russian Arctic are highlighted, and trends for potential partnership between the two countries are revealed.The purpose of the work is to considerate ongoing activities within the framework of ongoing areas of joint activity between Russia and India in the Russian Arctic, as well as to define potentially mutually beneficial trends for future partnership in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.The following methodology and methods were used: systemic and structural-analytical approaches, generalization, synthesis, comparative analysis, analysis of documents.The evolution of relations between Russia and India in the Arctic is considered. The strategic interests of India in the studying region are highlighted, including scientific, environmental, economic and geopolitical. The existing contacts between states are systematized by area. In total, 5 areas of cooperation between the countries have been identified: in the field of mining in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation; on the development of the Northern Sea Route and infrastructure along it; in the scientific, technical and social spheres, as well as within the framework of the environmental direction. New relevant directions for potential partnership of the two countries in the Russian Arctic have been formed based on the studied strategic documents of Russia and India devoted to policy in the Arctic region, concluded bilateral agreements between the governments and businesses of the two countries, as well as the national interests of Russia and India in the Arctic.Cooperation between Russia and India in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is at the initial stage. Agreements have been concluded, but actual activities aren’t carried out. The only areas in which measures are actually being implemented are the search and development of hydrocarbon raw materials. Thus, contracts have been concluded between Russian and Indian companies for the supply of Russian oil and natural gas. Also, Indian business has shares in Russian mining companies and so it is as an investor. India’s financial assistance for the development of the Northern Sea Route and its infrastructure was only declared by the Indian side. In the scientific, technical, social and environmental spheres, Norway is India’s main partner. Although there is potential for cooperation between Russia and India in these areas and, we hope, will be realized in the near future.

BACKGROUND: continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) improve daily life for people with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus dramatically (T1D). However, there are still no compelling evidences that the use of insulin pumps (IP) and continuous glucose monitors (CGM) really help to improve diabetes control in children and adolescents.AIM: to analyze the relation between diabetes control and the use of insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors in children.MATERIALS AND METHODS: 6382 children with T1D aged 1–18 years were enrolled in this study. Frequency of CSII and CGM use, HbA1с level and the percentage of children with HbA1с< 7.0% were analyzed.RESULTS: HbA1c decreased from 8.6% to 7.7% for 7 years (p

Abstract Background The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), is a devastating global pest of cotton that has caused substantial economic damage to Bt Bollgard-II® cotton plants in recent years due to the evolution of Bt resistance. The associated fitness cost is assumed to be one of the factors delaying the development of resistance against Bt transgenic crops. Hence, the present study was undertaken to assess the biological performance of pink bollworms by comparing the life history and demographic parameters of a resistant (Field-R) and susceptible (Lab-S) population. Results Prolonged larval duration (23.40 days in Field-R vs 18.80 days in Lab-S population), total life cycle (male = 50.00 vs 42.80 days; female = 53.60 vs 46.20 days), reduced fecundity (100.60 vs 154.20 eggs/female) and fertility (88.00 vs 138.00 fertile eggs/female) was observed. The demographic parameters indicated a significant reduction in the net reproductive rate (184.27 vs 276.72), innate capacity for increase in number (0.11 vs 0.15), finite rate of increase in number (1.12 vs 1.16 female progenies produced/female/day), weekly multiplication rate (2.16 vs 2.86), potential fecundity (545.06 vs 634.11 eggs), number of hypothetical F2 females (33 955.65 vs 76 572.41), but longer mean length of generation (47.54 vs 37.74 days) and population doubling time (6.30 vs 4.62 days) in Field-R compared with Lab-S population. A stage-specific life table demonstrated the differences in survival rates between susceptible and resistant populations at various life stages, with the resistant population having higher generation mortality (0.22 vs 0.19). Conclusions The study confirms the involvement of fitness costs associated with Bt resistance in P. gossypiella. Despite reduced reproductive fitness, the resistant population tried prolonging the larval stage as a compensatory mechanism to repair the damaged host tissues due to Bt intoxication and for accumulation of enough nutrient reserves for normal pupation and adult emergence. Presence of a high proportion of double Bt-resistant larvae in the field coupled with continued noncompliance with refug planting certainly favours the flaring up of this monophagous pest despite the observed fitness costs. The resistance cannot be effectively reversed unless suitable alternative management strategies are deployed.

Introduction. To increase the competitiveness of domestic NPP projects, it is necessary to reduce the construction time to 36 months. One of the ways to solve this problem is industrialization of the construction process, which uses prefabricated elements in the form of volumetric units with sheet steel cladding. The paper reviews open sources of information on the experience of erecting nuclear power plants using modular reinforced concrete structures with external sheet reinforcement. The following projects were considered: AR-1000 by Westinghouse (USA) and ATS-1000 (SNERDI).Materials and methods. On the basis of analysis, generalization and systematization of information obtained from open sources, the authors reviewed the practical experience of application of structures with external sheet reinforcement in the construction of NPP (under the AP-1000 and CAP-1000 projects) at the following facilities: Sanmen, Haiyang, Xudabao and Lianjiang (China), V.C. Summer and Vogle (USA).Results. The main method of erection in the implementation of NPP projects using modular reinforced concrete structures with external sheet reinforcement was the erection of extra-large units using the open-top technology. The use of such technology imposes higher requirements to the design documentation, manufacturing of unit modules requires strict control of logistic risks. Lack of quality control methods for compaction of monolithic concrete placed in the structure increases the requirements to the quality of concrete mixtures and technology of their placement.Conclusions. In general, the technology of modular construction using reinforced concrete structures with external sheet reinforcement allows to significantly reduce labor costs of erecting structures directly on the construction site. However, based on the results of analyzing the experience of implementation of AR-1000 and SAR-1000 design solutions, it was found that additional logistical risks and risks of ensuring the quality of monolithic concrete placement arise when implementing this technology.

Acute traumatic pancreatitis is one of the etiological forms of acute pancreatitis, the main cause of the development of which is mechanical trauma to the pancreas. A clinical case of successful treatment of a patient with acute traumatic pancreatitis developed as a result of a shrapnel thoracoabdominal injury with pancreatic damage and its complications using a multidisciplinary approach is presented. The possibilities of implementing the tactics of “damage control” at all stages of medical care are demonstrated.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is registered annually among residents of Khabarovsk city, Russia. The aim of the study was to conduct a genetic analysis of hantaviruses, the causative agents of HFRS, in residents of Khabarovsk city and in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), a natural reservoir of Seoul virus (SEOV), captured in Khabarovsk and its suburbs. Materials and methods. Blood sera samples from 75 patients with HFRS, collected in 2016–2023 (blood plasma – in 2017) and samples from 1468 Norway rats, captured during 2011–2023, were investigated. Results and discussion. We have demonstrated the presence of the Seoul virus (SEOV) in samples of Norway rats from the city of Khabarovsk and the suburban settlement Priamursky, Jewish Autonomous Region; 2 RNA isolates of the SEOV virus, 33 isolates of the Hantaan virus (HTNV), 9 isolates of the Amur virus (AMRV) – in patients with HFRS from Khabarovsk. Phylogenetic analysis of partial S and L segments of the genome has revealed that three RNA isolates of SEOV from Norway rats and two isolates from HFRS patients are most closely related (99 % homology) to strains from China and are different from the variant of SEOV from Vladivostok. It is assumed that the urban focus of the Seoul virus in Khabarovsk and its environs was formed as a result of the importation of virus carriers from China, where this variant of the virus is widespread. The data obtained indicate that the incidence of HFRS in residents of Khabarovsk, caused by infection with the HTNV and AMRV viruses, is associated with visits to various rural areas of the Far East.

Tick-borne encephalitis is a flavivirus disease, endemic to vast areas of Europe and Asia, caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus from the genus Orthoflavivirus, transmitted through the bite of a tick. The course of infection is characterized by fever followed by the development of potentially fatal encephalitis. Serological diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis is complicated by severe cross-reactivity with antibodies to other endemic and imported flavivirus infections. The aim of the study was to obtain a recombinant analogue of domain III of the surface protein E of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (EDIII-TBEV) and assess its ability to detect antibodies to the tick-borne encephalitis virus and differentiate them from antibodies to other flavivirus infections. Materials and methods. A comparative study was performed using panels of sera containing and not containing antibodies to the tick-borne encephalitis virus, and panels of samples with antibodies to yellow fever, dengue, and Zika viruses. The study was conducted using commercial tests and experimental kits based on EDIII-TBEV in the ELISA format and in the dot analysis format. Results and discussion. It has been shown that the use of experimental kits based on EDIII-TBEV makes it possible to effectively detect IgG antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus and, in contrast to commercial tests, to differentiate them from antibodies to the pathogens of dengue, yellow and Zika tropical fevers. A recombinant analogue of domain III of the surface protein E in the tick-borne encephalitis virus can be a useful capture reagent when creating diagnostic test systems in the format of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and dot-immunoassay for the differentiated detection of IgG antibodies to the tick-borne encephalitis virus.

The propagation of a pressure wave in a porous medium with a fractured porous zone was numerically investigated. The study used a two-velocity model of a porous medium and a three-velocity model of a fractured porous medium. The problem was examined in a twodimensional formulation, considering cases when a porous medium has a free surface or is unbounded. The fractured porous zone was shown to have either an ellipseor rectangle-shaped boundary. The influence of such inhomogeneities on the propagation of pressure perturbations was analyzed.

The scope of the video game industry and the use of neural networks in it have been studied. The impact of this technology on the computer games development process has been analyzed, the efficiency of its application in this area noted. The generalized scheme of video games development with identification of the stages most favorable for neural networks application has been considered. The possibilities of artificial intelligence in the video game characters’ visual image development, starting from the idea stage, touching the concept creation and ending with the realization stage, have been studied. The possibility of optimizing this process by implementing neural network technology has been shown. The neural networks application in the processes of writing game scripts and implementing dialog voicing in a game has been analyzed. The difference between the variability of plots and conversations of game characters created with the use of artificial intelligence model has been shown. The future concept of using neural networks as a digital twin of a video game developer has been considered. Estimates of the video game industry development through the generative artificial intelligence implementation have been formulated. As the study result, the positive influence of neural networks application on the computer games development up to the possible full automation of the industry under consideration due to the active use of this technology in the near future has been proved.

INTRODUCTION. Marburg and Ebola viruses cause severe haemorrhagic fever in humans and primates. Currently, there are no licensed prophylactic vaccines that can simultaneously prevent the spread or reduce the severity of both diseases caused by these filoviruses. The development of effective prophylactic vaccines requires studies aimed at selecting the most immunogenic forms of protective antigens.AIM. This study aimed to evaluate humoral immune induction in animals after administration of recombinant adenoviral vectors expressing various forms of Ebola and Marburg virus glycoproteins (GPs).MATERIALS AND METHODS. Samples of recombinant human adenovirus type 5 (rAd5) were obtained using homologous recombination in Escherichia coli, growth in HEK293 cells, and purification by CsCl gradient ultracentrifugation. The resulting rAd5 samples were characterised in terms of their identity (PCR and whole-genome sequencing), the concentration of viral particles (fluorescence spectroscopy), and the concentration of infectious viral particles (TCID50 assay). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate the GP-specific IgG titres in the sera of immunised mice.RESULTS. The authors constructed rAd5 samples, and each construct contained an expression cassette with a GP gene form encoding a full-length GP, a GP without the mucin-like domain, or a GP without both the glycan cap and the mucin-like domain. Each of these forms was studied using the GPs of four filoviruses, including Zaire Ebola virus, Sudan Ebola virus, Bundibugyo Ebola virus, and Marburg virus. Neither of the forms had a critical effect on the rAd5 replicative capacity. Three weeks after immunisation, the highest GP-specific IgG production was induced by the rAd5 samples encoding either the full-length GP or the GP without the mucin-like domain. The GP without both the glycan cap and the mucin-like domain was the least immunogenic antigen regardless of the filovirus species.CONCLUSIONS. The most promising constructs for the development of filovirus vaccines based on recombinant adenoviral vectors are the constructs that include the genes encoding the fulllength GP or the GP without the mucin-like domain.

Observations of pigmented (melanoblastic) and non-pigmented (achromatic) superficial melanomas of the skin are described, for the differential diagnosis of which, along with traditional histological examination, precision (immunohistochemical, molecular genetic) methods of studying the morphological substrate of the tumor were used. Based on the results of Raman spectroscopy of samples of both tumors, their multiplex analysis was carried out, with the help of which a significant number of molecules of various analytes were simultaneously identified in one individual sample of a biological object.

Introduction. A promising area of application of 1,3,5-triazines in medical chemistry is the development of highly effective anticancer agents. It is noteworthy that a significant cytotoxic effect may occur with 2,4,6-substituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives containing aziridine rings as substituents. These compounds interact with DNA molecules of tumor cells and they are alkylating agents.The objective was to synthesize and investigate the cytotoxic activity in vitro of new aziridine–containing 1,3,5-triazine derivatives against tumor cell lines of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 and human hepatocarcinoma Huh7 and to evaluate the effect of the length of the hydrocarbon radical in the dioxane cycle on the cytotoxic effect of the obtained compounds.Methods and materials. The synthesis of the 1,3,5-triazine derivatives was carried out using 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (cyanuric chloride) as the starting reagent. The composition and structure of the obtained compounds were proven by elemental CHN analysis and 1H, 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity was studied using the MTT colorimetric assay.Results. Novel 1,3,5-triazine derivatives were synthesized and fully characterized: (5-((4-(aziridin-1-yl)-6-chloro-1,3,5triazin-2-yl)amino)-2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methanol and (5-((4-(aziridin-1-yl)-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)2-isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methanol. Also, cytotoxic effect against tumor cell lines of human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and human hepatocarcinoma (Huh7) was studied using the MTT assay. It has been shown that an increase in the length of hydrocarbon radicals in the dioxane ring at position C2 leads to a decrease in cytotoxic effect.Conclusion. The synthesized (5-((4-(aziridin-1-yl)-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)-2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxane-5 -yl) methanol and (5-((4-(aziridin-1-yl)-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)-2-isobutyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methanol cause a dose-dependent decrease against the survival of tumor cell lines A549 and Huh7.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a complex disease, with self-control playing a key role in its effective treatment. Routine self-control requires high-order cognitive skills, e.g., planning, self-direction, compliance with medical recommendations, etc. All these pose a challenge for teenagers. The model of Responsible Self-Care developed by the World Health Organization takes into account not only health maintenance in diabetic patients, but also their cognitive ability to control their own attitude to treatment in order to achieve glycemic control. This study focused on the correlation between health self-control and neuropsychological profile in teenagers with diabetes. The sample included 38 diabetic patients represented by 13 boys and 25 girls aged 12–17. The study relied on the method of medical documentation analysis and the psychodiagnostic method, including the neuropsychological assessment battery by A. R. Luria and such questionnaires as Multidimensional-Functional Diagnostics of Responsibility, Self-Control Style, Locus of Disease Control, and Self-Efficiency in Disease. The correlation analysis confirmed a direct connection between the cognitive status and responsible behavior in teenagers with diabetes. Poor glycemic control and chronic hyperglycemia were associated with low test results in cognitive abilities, speech fluency, and memory capacity. Cognitive deficiency correlated with insufficient self-control, poor responsibility, and low self-efficiency, as well as with preference for external forms of control locus.

The research is aimed at the historical and philosophical reconstruction of the problems of Gaudiya Vedanta theory of knowledge related to philosophizing, the concept of revelation and qualification (adhīkāra), in the philosophy of India of XVI–XX centuries. Gaudiya Vedanta, the philosophy of Gaudiya Vaishnavism, is the last independent branch of Vedanta in Indian philosophy, which summarizes in its texts the problems and solutions of previous Vedanta movements in the XVI century. The specificity of this school lies in the emphasis on personalism, ethics and aesthetics. The approach of «world philosophy» (F. I. Shcherbatskoy, V. K. Shokhin, R. V. Pshu) was used for the study, according to which in the philosophy of each developed culture we can find similar philosophical problems in varying degrees of elaboration in connection with a unique historical situation. Based on this approach, a historical and philosophical reconstruction of the hermeneutics of Gaudiya Vedanta is carried out, in which philosophizing is considered as the result of the process of revelation. The historical and philosophical analysis allowed us to identify two stages of the formation of the concept of revelation (śabda, śāstra, samādhi, veda) and qualification (adhīkāra) in Gaudiya Vedanta: classical (Jiva Gosvami and Krishnadas Kaviraja, Visvanatha Chakravarti XVI–XVII centuries), modern (Bhaktivinoda, Bhaktisiddhanta, Bhaktivedanta XIX–XX centuries). The analysis of historiography shows that Gaudiya Vedanta, using the apparatus of new logic (navya-nyaya), entered the age of globalization and accepted the challenges not only of the existing tradition of Indian philosophy, but also of European philosophy. For this purpose, the school used a system of interpretation and receiving revelations both inside and outside the sacred sphere with an expanded understanding of revelation and sacredness. In addition, Gaudiya Vedanta formulated special requirements for a thinker working with revelation. These requirements were supposed to preserve the uniqueness of the school and ensure intellectual continuity. They imply the need for the philosopher to have both some academic qualification (theology of the first order): knowledge of texts, their logic of explanation, prudence and insight, and spiritual qualifications (theology of the second order): morality, detachment and, in particular, sensitivity to religious emotions in relation to God. The historical and philosophical reconstruction allowed us to explicate a special model of philosophizing of Gaudiya Vedanta, based on revelation, personalistic theology, ethics and aesthetics. The results of the research can be useful for historians of Eastern philosophy with new material, analysis of concepts, explication of the role of historical and philosophical contexts.

The soil temperature regime is an important regulatory ecosystem function on which many biogeochemical processes depend. This article assesses the variation in the average monthly temperature of the surface organic soil horizon and litter stock in the Spruce-broadleaved and Lime-birch forest types of the Valuev Moscow Forest Park, taking into account intra- and interbiogeocenotic variability for 2019-2022. In all studied summer periods, the litter temperature of the oak-spruce forest is lower than that of the birch-linden forest. The variability of the litter temperature in winter depends on the depth of the snow cover, the onset of stable snow cover and litter reserves. A close negative relationship was found between the litter reserves and its temperature in summer, and a positive relationship in winter. In the presence of a thick snow cover, the litter temperature of the undercrown spaces is higher than the litter temperature of the window, which is characterized by low reserves. Further studies on the effect of woody vegetation on the characteristics of the soil surface temperature regime can be used to assess the rate of litter decomposition and greenhouse gas emission.

The increasing role of high-precision weapons (HPW) in the weapons system of foreign countries means the need to improve the means and methods of complex camouflage of troops, an integral part of which is the use of aerosols. The article is a continuation of research on the assessment of the effectiveness of camouflage of objects with aerosols based on the calculation of the proportion of space hidden (screened) by aerosol particles for the free passage of visible light carrying information about the object and the surrounding background. According to the authors, when recognizing an object through a moving aerosol structure, in addition to the proportion of free space, its structure also influences camouflage, namely the size of the cells from minimum to maximum, which together make up this space.The purpose of the work is to assess a new camouflage factor, that is, the nature of the distribution in an aerosol cloud of the structure of free space depending on the density of the aerosol (integral concentration, g/m2) along the line of sight (observation) and the size of its particles, μm.Research method. Theoretical modeling of the passage of light through an aerosol cloud using a PC.Discussion. The calculations performed on a PC show the existence of a probabilistic distribution of free space cells by their size (size and area), which make up the total value of free space, previously estimated by us as a whole. The unevenness of the cell size is due to turbulence of the surface air layer with aerosol distributed in it. The calculations showed that the cell size is extremely small: no more than 100 μm.Conclusion. The small size of the cells and their dynamic distribution in space during the propagation of the aerosol cloud can be considered in mathematical terms as an additional term of the probability of camouflage, due to the non-perception (non-distinction) of the camouflaged objects. The term is new and, perhaps, requires clarification, both theoretically and during experiments in an aerosol chamber. But its meaning lies in the existence of a minimum limiting solid angle of difference (perception) by the human eye of pixels of visible information through the moving structure of an aerosol cloud at a certain observation range.

RELEVANCE of the study is determined by the fact that vertical conical diffusers are used as auxiliary devices in many technical applications in various industries (chemical industry, power engineering, technological devices, etc.).THE PURPOSE. The influence of the method (design) of air supply, the cross-sectional shape of the supply channels and nozzle tubes on the gas-dynamic structure of the flow in a vertical diffuser for different flow characteristics was assessed.METHODS. The structure (distribution) of the flow inside a vertical diffuser for supplying air using different designs of supply channels was studied on an experimental bench. Based on the thermal imaging method, the flow structure in a vertical diffuser was studied. In this study, two methods of supplying air to a vertical diffuser were studied: supplying air through one straight channel from the bottom and nozzle supplying air through four tubes. The channels and nozzles had cross sections in the shape of a circle, square and triangle. Accordingly, the influence of six air supply designs into a vertical diffuser and their influence on the gas-dynamic flow structure were studied.RESULTS. The experiments were carried out under stationary air flow conditions in the diffuser for air flow rates from 0.015 to 0.06 m3/s. The Reynolds number for the air flow at the outlet of the supply channel was in the range from 42500 to 150000. Thermograms of the flow structure in a vertical diffuser were obtained for different methods of air supply for different flow characteristics.CONCLUSION. Features of the flow structure in a vertical diffuser with traditional air supply from below through one channel consist in the formation of a pronounced central air flow along the vertical axis of the diffuser when using all channel configurations. In this case, the cross-sectional shape of the supply channel has a significant impact on the flow structure in the conical diffuser. Features of the flow structure in a vertical diffuser with nozzle air supply through four tubes are the absence of stagnant zones and a central air flow along the axis. At the same time, the use of square and triangular nozzle tubes leads to a more uniform distribution of air flow throughout the entire volume of the vertical diffuser.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the number of international trips has been increasing in the world. Outbound and domestic tourism is expanding in Russia. During a trip, there are various types of health risks for the traveler, especially for children. These risks include infectious diseases, among which in children intestinal infections come first. That is why this research is important for studying the epidemiology and clinical processes of intestinal infections in childhood in patients returning from travel. The goal is to analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of imported intestinal infections in children who traveled to other countries and in children who returned from Russian regions. Materials and methods. A single-center prospective study using questionnaires and clinical observation was conducted from June to September 2022 in the children's infectious diseases hospital of the Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center «Kommunarka» (MMCC «Kommunarka»). An analysis of the data of 128 travelers who fell ill during or after travel and were admitted to the MMCC «Kommunarka» was carried out. 2 groups were identified — those who traveled to the regions of Russia or other countries. The clinical and epidemiological features of children's disease cases and their vaccination status were analyzed. Results. The children's ages ranged from 1 month to 17 years, and the gender distribution was even. Among the regions of departure, the Krasnodar Territory and Mediterranean coast of Turkey were the most common. There were no differences in travel duration, with a median of 10 days. In the group of people who traveled across Russia, the leading purpose was to visit friends and relatives, while tourists stayed mainly in the private sector. In the case of traveling abroad, the prevailing purpose was tourism, with equal proportions staying in a hotel or private sector. Imported intestinal infections most often occurred with symptoms of gastroenteritis, were assessed by CDS at 5 points, and rotavirus predominated in the etiological structure.

Objective: to evaluate the possible influence of different graft perfusion preparation variations on the incidence of biliary and vascular complications of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).Materials and methods. Data on 287 full-size liver transplants from donors with brain death and beating heart were processed. There were 262 and 25 primary and repeat OLTs, respectively. Before completion of portal anastomosis formation and inclusion into systemic blood flow, the graft was perfused with hypo- (group 2) and isotonic (group 4) saline in order to minimize hemodynamic disorders.Results. There was a statistically significant difference between groups 2 and 4 in the development of late (p = 0.04) and cumulative biliary complications (p = 0.01). The presence of these complications and the perfusion type were found to be associated (Fisher’s exact test = 0.02). There were no differences in incidence of thrombosis in the studied groups.Conclusion. The conducted analysis suggests that it is inexpedient to use hypothermic solutions when preparing a liver transplant for perfusion before introducing it into systemic circulation.

BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by damage to insulin–producing cells of the pancreas, which eventually leads to the need for insulin replacement therapy. The clinical picture of DM1 is heterogeneous: the onset of the disease at an early age is characterized by a more acute manifestation and rapid depletion of residual insulin secretion. Variations of HLA genes can probably determine the clinical features of the course of DM1. To date, age-related features of HLA genes have been established in various populations, at the same time, such data are not available in the Russian population.AIM: To study the effect of HLA genes on predisposition to DM1 in preschool age.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center, one-stage study, including data from 885 children (1 year — 18 years old) with previously diagnosed DM1 who are on intensified insulin therapy. The study participants’re divided into two groups: a group with a manifestation of DM1

In this paper, it is proved that for any Boolean function of n variables, there are infinitely many functions, each of which is its concave continuation to the n-dimensional unit cube. For an arbitrary Boolean function of n variables, a concave function is constructed, which is the minimum among all its concave continuations to the n-dimensional unit cube. It is proven that this concave function on the n-dimensional unit cube is continuous and unique. Thanks to the results obtained, in particular, it has been constructively proved that the problem of solving a system of Boolean equations can be reduced to the problem of numerical maximization of a target function, any local maximum of which in the desired domain is a global maximum, and, thus, the problem of local maxima for such problems is completely solved.

The paper is devoted to the problem of determining the composition of reservoir gas for gas condensate fields. A methodology for planning gas condensate tests (GCT) is proposed, which allows to assess the possibility of obtaining conditioned samples of reservoir fluid. For the case when it is impossible to take conditioned samples, an approach for their interpretation is developed.At the first step it is proposed to numerically create a set of compositions by adding to the gas of the laboratory “depleted” composition a certain amount of condensate equilibrated to it. The resulting compositions have different condensation onset pressures above the laboratory pressure. Subsequently, for each of the obtained compositions hydrodynamic (HD) modeling should be carried out and the composition for which the obtained values of condensate and gas flow rates and gas oil ratio (GOR) are close to the GCT data should be selected.The analysis of numerical experiments on synthetic flow rate data for a typical well shows a significant dependence of GOR on the component composition and low sensitivity to changes in the main parameters of the HD model. When adjusting the HD model according to the actual data, it is proposed to first select from the set of reconstructed compositions the one for which the model GOR values will be closest to the actual data. The next step, when the selected composition is fixed, is the selection of other parameters of the HD model based on the data of gas and condensate flow rates. This methodology was demonstrated to determine the component composition and main reservoir parameters from GOR data for one real well.

Introduction. Compressed steel-reinforced concrete structures, due to the requirements of reduced cross-sectional dimensions for vertical load-bearing structures with high strength and rigidity of structures, as well as their fire resistance, are widely used throughout the world in the construction of high-rise buildings, entertainment structures, etc. Methods for their calculation are constantly being improved. The deformation approach to calculation makes it possible to obtain the parameters of their stress-strain state (SSS) at any stage of deformation under load, to take into account physical nonlinearity of the materials and the loading stages.Materials and methods. The selection of compressed steel-reinforced concrete elements for the theoretical study was made according to the data published in open sources. A cross-sectional model was compiled, taking into account the joint work of concrete, rigid and flexible reinforcement, and their deformation diagrams, taking into account physical nonlinearity. A criterion for the destruction of the cross section of a steel-reinforced concrete element without limiting the limiting deformations of materials under compression is proposed.Results. The prerequisites for using the deformation approach to the calculation of steel-reinforced concrete elements are formulated. Two stages of their operation are considered: under the action of forced shrinkage deformations during concrete hardening and subsequent loading. Using examples of the accepted specimen of compressed steel-reinforced concrete elements, the advantages of the deformation approach in their calculation are shown.Conclusions. The deformation approach to calculation makes it possible to obtain the SSS parameters of compressed steel-reinforced concrete elements of arbitrary cross-section shape with different distribution of reinforcement over the cross-section, to take into account the nonlinearity of deformation of materials, concrete shrinkage. The proposed criterion for the destruction of compressed steel-reinforced concrete elements allows to take into account the redistribution of forces between concrete, rigid and flexible reinforcement to full extent.

Introduction. The review of existing ideas of artificial intelligence implementation in the construction industry is carried out. On the basis of the studied data the applicability of the technologies was analyzed and their economic efficiency was evaluated, as well as the feasibility of investment in potential projects was substantiated. Construction is a fundamental area of human life, in which the use of information technology innovations, especially artificial intelligence should be associated with a balanced decision and thorough testing. For this reason, it is required to choose the most appropriate method to evaluate the feasibility of implementation. By the chosen method it is possible to reveal the possibilities of a new project and to correlate it with all costs and risks.Materials and methods. Russian and foreign studies, Internet resources and conference materials were studied. As a result, the current trends of technologies of artificial intelligence application in construction were found. The integrated method allowed to consider technologies from the point of view of ideology, reality of embodiment, practical application and economic feasibility. The method of scoring of projects was applied and the list of technologies was compiled. This list includes technologies that are favourable for application and promising for development. Multilevel study of the selected projects was carried out according to the system modelling approach.Results. Based on the results of the study, conclusions are made about the best method for assessing the economic efficiency of innovative projects based on artificial intelligence, which are applicable to the construction industry. The theoretical model is aimed at considering the project as a process of cause-and-effect relationships. This project reveals the list of necessary steps and their sequence.Conclusions. This study on the effectiveness of the implementation of AI in construction of some ideas revealed an optimal and sufficiently informative method of assessing the economic efficiency of projects, as well as the degree of relevance and compliance with the interests and needs of the construction industry. A list of recommendations for the process of implementation of a new project with the use of artificial intelligence is presented. A vector for further research in the field of practical calculations of efficiency and forecasting is proposed.

Aim: to study the relationship between clinical and morphological parameters of skin melanoma and the BRAF status of the tumor in patients with stage I of the disease. Materials and methods. The study was retrospective and included 200 patients with stage I skin melanoma (pT1-2aN0M0), of which BRAF status was assessed in 88 patients. All patients underwent clinical data analysis, an extended morphological study and a molecular genetic study to determine the BRAF V600E mutation in the primary tumor. Results. The median age of patients in the total sample was 61.5 years. Mutation in the BRAF V600E gene was detected in 25 patients (28.4%). Patient age, tumor location and Breslow thickness were recognized as independent predictors of BRAF status of stage I skin melanoma. With an increase in the patient's age by 1 year, the chance of having a BRAF V600E mutation decreased by 3.4% or 1.04 times (OR = 0.966; 95% CI = 0.935–0.999; p = 0.045). When melanoma was localized in the lumbar region, the chance of having a BRAF V600E mutation increased by 15.311 times (95% CI = 1.239–189.142; p = 0.033). With a tumor thickness according to Breslow of more than 0.7 mm, the chance of having a BRAF V600E mutation increased by 2.939 times (95% CI = 1.031-8.376; p = 0.044). With a threshold value of the logistic function of 50%, the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed model were 28.0% and 93.7%, respectively. When the threshold function value is reduced to 25.3%, the sensitivity of the model increases to 68% with a simultaneous drop in specificity to 61.9%. Conclusion. Younger age, greater tumor thickness according to Breslow, and tumor localization in the lumbar region in patients with stage I skin melanoma increase the chance of having a BRAF V600E mutation, while other morphological parameters of the tumor are not associated with BRAF status. However, moderate sensitivity does not allow for a sufficiently accurate determination of the presence of a mutation, thereby strengthening the belief in the need for molecular genetic testing.

The cardiovascular system during pregnancy undergoes a number of compensatory and adaptive changes, such as an increase in heart rate, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance, which causes an increase in the load on the myocardium. Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a serious polyetiological complication of pregnancy and the postpartum period, as well as an important cause of disability and mortality for both mother and fetus. The non-specificity of complaints and the paucity of clinical symptoms in the early stages of the disease lead to delayed diagnosis and significantly increase the frequency of unfavorable outcomes. In the article we present our own clinical observation of the acute development of severe peripartum cardiomyopathy in a multipregnant woman at 36 weeks of gestation, complicated by cardiogenic shock and antenatal fetal death.

The purpose of the research is to study the parasite fauna in laboratory rats and mice in SPF-status and open-type vivariums and to compare the infection rate depending on the maintenance type within each type of samples.Materials and methods. The studies were conducted using life-time diagnosis (flotation method and Scotch-tape test), and the material were fecal samples from laboratory rodents and litter samples. Ten percent of the vivarium population and all newly arrived mice and rats in quarantine were examined. Fifty-four individual samples from pure line mice, and 24 litter samples were examined. A total of 234 samples were collected from the laboratory rats: 93 individual samples, 55 combined samples, and 17 sawdust samples; 69 samples were examined by Scotch-tape test.Results and discussion. Twenty six percent of the laboratory SPF vivarium mice were found to have protozoa: Giardia muris (11.1%) and Trichomonas sp. (20.4%). Nematodes Aspiculuris tetraptera (51.0%) and Syphacia obvelata (20.6%), and cestode Rodentolepis nana (12.0%) were recorded in the open-type vivarium mice. The laboratory open-type vivarium rats were found to have nematodes S. muris (up to 60.9%), A. tetraptera (5.4%), Trichosomoides crassicauda (1.8%), cestode R. nana (27.3%), protozoa Eimeria sp. (7.2%) and Giardia sp. (9.0%). The compared infection of individual with combined mouse fecal samples showed statistically significant differences for all parasites in general and for individual species. Pairwise comparisons of the infection showed that the combined sample detected R. nana statistically significantly more often versus the individual sample (27.3 vs. 5.4%, P < 0.001). The comparison of the infection depending on the type of rat maintenance within each sample type did not show statistically significant differences.

Background. Polysaccharides are known to possess adjuvant properties, they are biodegradable, safe, and are of low-labor production. In this regard, the development of polysaccharide-based adjuvants is an urgent task.The aim. To develop a method for obtaining mannans from the cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and to study their adjuvant properties using subunit vaccine model.Materials and methods. The preparation of mannans was obtained from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast by enzymatic and alkaline hydrolysis. Its adjuvant properties were assessed in BALB/c mice immunized with the recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 (S) protein (Delta (B.1.617.2)). The titers of specific antibodies in the blood sera were determined by ELISA assays using the recombinant RBD (Wuhan-Hu-1 and Delta), and the recombinant (S) protein (Wuhan-Hu-1, Delta and Omicron) as antigens. The titers of virus-neutralizing antibodies were determined using virus-neutralization tests with the SARS-CoV-2 virus strains Wuhan – hCoV19/Australia/VIC01/2020 (Wuhan-Hu-1), Delta – hCoV-19/Russia/PSK-2804/2021 (Delta (B.1.617.2)), and Omicron 1 – hCoV-19/Russia/Moscow171619-031221/2021 (Omicron (B.1.1.529)).Results. The developed scheme allowed for obtaining up to 200 mg of mannans from 10 g of yeast cell debris. Double, with a two-week interval, immunization with RBD (50 μg) in combination with mannans (40 μg and 10 μg) induced the production of specific antibodies in titers from 1:2477330 to 1:188360. The titer of virus-neutralizing antibodies to the Delta – hCoV-19/Russia/PSK-2804/2021 was 1:485 (40 μg of mannans per mouse).Conclusions. We developed a scheme for obtaining a low-toxic preparation of mannans from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. The highest adjuvant activity was achieved when using mannans at the dose of 40 µg per mouse. Blood sera obtained from the immunized animals neutralized both homologous and heterologous SARS-CoV-2 strains.

Particle acceleration is a commonly observed phenomenon at dipolarization fronts. Many studies have attempted to determine the acceleration mechanism, with betatron acceleration being a major candidate. In previous work, we attempted to match the observed change in electron energy to the change predicted by betatron acceleration, but found that although this worked in some cases, overall betatron acceleration alone could not describe the observed energy spectrum changes. In this work, we attempted to study whether ion acceleration showed similar behavior and whether a quasi-adiabatic correction would be more accurate. On average the betatron acceleration equation overestimated the observed acceleration and the quasi-adiabatic correction did not account for the difference, although there are limitations to this study due to data fidelity. We then turned to study whether our assumptions about the source population having the same phase space density as the cold pre-existing background population in the plasma sheet are valid. We indirectly studied this by comparing the relative abundances of O+ and He++ as proxies for ionospheric and solar wind populations respectively. We found the betatron acceleration equation method performs slightly better when there is a stronger ionospheric component. This suggests that when more plasma containing O+ is present in the dipolarization front, it indicates that the source population is more local and therefore this method of using betatron acceleration is more valid.

Mercury cadmium telluride (Hg1−xCdxTe or MCT) is the premier material for infrared detection. However, despite its importance, studies exploring the ultrafast photoresponse in this semiconductor alloy are limited. Here, we use time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy to perform a detailed study of the picosecond charge carrier dynamics in long-wave infrared Hg1−xCdxTe (x ∼ 0.2) films, providing insight into ultrafast carrier cooling and temperature-dependent scattering mechanisms. Due to the multilayer photoexcited sample geometry, an elementary thin-film analysis leads to a negative photoconductivity artifact. We, therefore, derive a modified thin-film photoconductivity formula to accurately extract a Drude photoconductivity spectrum. In our analysis, we include the effects of carrier diffusion and the conduction band non-parabolicity in Hg1−xCdxTe. We extract ultrahigh electron mobilities as large as 6 × 105 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 25 K. At cryogenic temperatures, we find the photoexcited electron mobility is up to four times larger than the dark mobility, which we attribute to suppression of ionized impurity scattering due to hole capture by acceptor-type Hg vacancies. In addition, after photoexcitation, we observe a relatively slow rise in photoconductivity over a 10 ps timescale with a monotonically increasing carrier scattering time and a carrier effective mass that decays exponentially with a time constant of 1.9 ps, which we attribute to hot-carrier cooling dynamics in the non-parabolic conduction band.