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1. Measurement of D0, D+, Ds + and D*+ production in fixed target 920 GeV proton–nucleus collisions

Author

Laura Silva, D. Goloubkov, I. Matchikhilian, Maurizio Piccinini, V. Egorytchev, S. Solunin, I. Abt, R. Pernack, M. Mevius, F. Sanchez, Peter Robmann, P. Kreuzer, B. Schwenninger, H. B. Dreis, Vladimir Popov, C. B. Krauss, I. Belotelov, H. S. Subramania, D. Skrk, M. Schmelling, U. Schwanke, B. Lomonosov, Dmitry Emeliyanov, Marcus Hohlmann, S. De Castro, K. M. Danielsen, Reinhard Männer, Yu.T. Kiryushin, U. Husemann, M. Medinnis, Y. Pylypchenko, Mikhail Zavertyaev, R. Zimmermann, J. Flammer, I. Rostovtseva, Y. Vassiliev, O. Barsukova, A. H. Walenta, H. Schröder, M. Adams, J. J. Wang, S. Shuvalov, Z. Zheng, M. Ispiryan, T. Živko, S. Gradl, Thomas Lohse, Mauro Villa, S. Essenov, E. B. Klinkby, S. Keller, S. Somov, S. Karabekyan, M. Bräuer, M. Walter, Aleksandar Aleksandrov, A. Gellrich, F. Eisele, M. Ouchrif, O. Gouchtchine, R. Muresan, M. Nörenberg, N.N. Karpenko, Vladislav Balagura, G. Bohm, J.D. Hansen, Laura Fabbri, J. Groth-Jensen, Hermann Kolanoski, J. Bastos, Imma Riu, António Amorim, C. Padilla, H. Deppe, P. Križan, V. Rybnikov, S. Kupper, I. Tikhomirov, A. Golutvin, B. Bobchenko, K. T. Knöpfle, C. van Eldik, Andrej Gorišek, Nicola Semprini-Cesari, A. Belkov, L. Garrido, M. Negodaev, C. Stegmann, A. Bogatyrev, M. Feuerstack-Raible, Mogens Dam, A. Schreiner, A. Vitale, T. Buran, J. Gläß, D. Krücker, I. Kisel, J. Spengler, S. Xella-Hansen, B. A. Petersen, Pietro Faccioli, Yu. A. Golubkov, V. Aushev, B. Fominykh, I. Tsakov, Yu.V. Mikhailov, A. Lanyov, R. Spighi, F. Sciacca, F. Grimaldi, S. Korpar, C. Bauer, D. C. Goulart, D. Reßing, M. Symalla, A. J. Schwartz, Jose M Hernandez, R. Pestotnik, Werner Hofmann, A. Michetti, H. Albrecht, M. Böcker, Marco Bruschi, I. Gorbounov, A. Bertin, B. Lewendel, Peter Buchholz, B. Schmidt, R. Mankel, B. Giacobbe, Y. Bagaturia, R. Wurth, D. Pose, Y. Guilitsky, S. Prystupa, Wouter Hulsbergen, K. Ehret, M. Funcke, J. Kessler, Antonio Sbrizzi, S. J. Aplin, Helmut Wolters, B. Schwingenheuer, Farid Ould-Saada, T. Jagla, X. Dong, F. Khasanov, S. Masciocchi, T. Kvaratskheliia, J. Batista, M. Danilov, J. Pyrlik, R. Mizuk, O. Igonkina, M. zur Nedden, M. Poli, Kwong Lau, M. Starič, A. S. Schwarz, Alexander Spiridonov, U. Uwer, Valery Pugatch, D. Peralta, A. Zhelezov, M. Bruinsma, A. Somov, Kendall Reeves, Aleš Stanovnik, G. Medin, I. Vukotic, João Carvalho, H. Rick, H. Kapitza, T. Zeuner, Antonio Zoccoli, I. Massa, Vasco Amaral, A. Wurz, T. Hott, P. Conde, Igor Golutvin, Yu. Zaitsev, C. Cruse, M. A. Pleier, Th. Bauer, Sebastian Nowak, D. Wegener, H. Wahlberg, W. Gradl, C. Jiang, M. Bargiotti, M. T. Nunez Pardo de Vera, M. Agari, Ulrich Werthenbach, L. Sozuer, Maksym Titov, I. ABT, M. ADAMS, M. AGARI, H. ALBRECHT, A. ALEKSANDROV, V. AMARAL, A. AMORIM, S.J. APLIN, V. AUSHEV, Y. BAGATURIA, V. BALAGURA, M. BARGIOTTI, O. BARSUKOVA, J. BASTOS, J. BATISTA, C. BAUER, TH.S. BAUER, A. BELKOV, AR. BELKOV, I. BELOTELOV, A. BERTIN, B. BOBCHENKO, M. BOCKER, A. BOGATYREV, G. BOHM, M. BRAUER, M. BRUINSMA, M. BRUSCHI, P. BUCHHOLZ, T. BURAN, J. CARVALHO, P. CONDE, C. CRUSE, M. DAM, K.M. DANIELSEN, M. DANILOV, S. DE CASTRO, H. DEPPE, X. DONG, H.B. DREIS, V. EGORYTCHEV, K. EHRET, F. EISELE, D. EMELIYANOV, S. ESSENOV, L. FABBRI, P. FACCIOLI, M. FEUERSTACK-RAIBLE, J. FLAMMER, B. FOMINYKH, M. FUNCKE, LL. GARRIDO, A. GELLRICH, B. GIACOBBE, J. GLA), D. GOLOUBKOV, Y. GOLUBKOV, A. GOLUTVIN, I. GOLUTVIN, I. GORBOUNOV, A. GORISEK, O. GOUCHTCHINE, D.C. GOULART, S. GRADL, W. GRADL, F. GRIMALDI, J. GROTH-JENSEN, YU. GUILITSKY, J.D. HANSEN, J.M. HERNANDEZ, W. HOFMANN, M. HOHLMANN, T. HOTT, W. HULSBERGEN, U. HUSEMANN, O. IGONKINA, M. ISPIRYAN, T. JAGLA, C. JIANG, H. KAPITZA, S. KARABEKYAN, N. KARPENKO, S. KELLER, J. KESSLER, F. KHASANOV, YU. KIRYUSHIN, I. KISEL, E. KLINKBY, K.T. KNOPFLE, H. KOLANOSKI, S. KORPAR, C. KRAUSS, P. KREUZER, P. KRIZAN, D. KRUCKER, S. KUPPER, T. KVARATSKHELIIA, A. LANYOV, K. LAU, B. LEWENDEL, T. LOHSE, B. LOMONOSOV, R. MANNER, R. MANKEL, S. MASCIOCCHI, I. MASSA, I. MATCHIKHILIAN, G. MEDIN, M. MEDINNIS, M. MEVIUS, A. MICHETTI, YU. MIKHAILOV, R. MIZUK, R. MURESAN, M. ZUR NEDDEN, M. NEGODAEV, M. NORENBERG, S. NOWAK, M.T. NUNEZ PARDO DE VERA, M. OUCHRIF, F. OULD-SAADA, C. PADILLA, D. PERALTA, R. PERNACK, R. PESTOTNIK, B.A. PETERSEN, M. PICCININI, M.A. PLEIER, M. POLI, V. POPOV, D. POSE, S. PRYSTUPA, V. PUGATCH, Y. PYLYPCHENKO, J. PYRLIK, K. REEVES, D. RESSING, H. RICK, I. RIU, P. ROBMANN, I. ROSTOVTSEVA, V. RYBNIKOV, F. SANCHEZ, A. SBRIZZI, M. SCHMELLING, B. SCHMIDT, A. SCHREINER, H. SCHRODER, U. SCHWANKE, A.J. SCHWARTZ, A.S. SCHWARZ, B. SCHWENNINGER, B. SCHWINGENHEUER, F. SCIACCA, N. SEMPRINI-CESARI, S. SHUVALOV, L. SILVA, D. SKRK, L. SOZUER, S. SOLUNIN, A. SOMOV, S. SOMOV, J. SPENGLER, R. SPIGHI, A. SPIRIDONOV, A. STANOVNIK, M. STARIC, C. STEGMANN, H.S. SUBRAMANIA, M. SYMALLA, I. TIKHOMIROV, M. TITOV, I. TSAKOV, U. UWER, C. VAN ELDIK, YU. VASSILIEV, M. VILLA, A. VITALE, I. VUKOTIC, H. WAHLBERG, A.H. WALENTA, M. WALTER, J.J. WANG, D. WEGENER, U. WERTHENBACH, H. WOLTERS, R. WURTH, A. WURZ, S. XELLA-HANSEN, YU. ZAITSEV, M. ZAVERTYAEV, T. ZEUNER, A. ZHELEZOV, Z. ZHENG, R. ZIMMERMANN, T. ZIVKO, and A. ZOCCOLI

Subjects
Mass number, Physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Proton, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, HERA, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Feynman diagram, ddc:530, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Storage ring, HERA-B
Abstract

The inclusive production cross sections of the charmed mesons D^0, D^+, D_s^+ and D^{*+} have been measured in interactions of 920 GeV protons on C, Ti, and W targets with the HERA-B detector at the HERA storage ring. Differential cross sections as a function of transverse momentum and Feynman's x variable are given for the central rapidity region and for transverse momenta up to $\pT=3.5$ GeV/$c$. The atomic mass number dependence and the leading to non-leading particle production asymmetries are presented as well., Comment: Submitted to EPJ C

Published
2007

2. Study of in situ heating of aged anode wires

Author

M. Starič, D. Skrk, P. Križan, A. Stanovnik, and Samo Korpar

Subjects
In situ, Physics, chemistry.chemical_classification, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Wire chamber, Drop (liquid), Polymer, Mass spectrometry, Methane, Anode, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Composite material, Instrumentation
Abstract

In situ anode wire heating with elevated currents has been studied as a means for elimination of polymer deposits in a methane+TMAE filled wire chamber. One hour heating of an aged wire at 200°C results in a recovery of the initial gain, which is followed by a quick drop. However, the gain remaining after this drop is higher than its value prior to heating, so periodic heat treatments of anode wires would have a beneficial effect. Results of mass spectrometry of anode wire deposits are also presented.

Published
2003

3. Inclusive V production cross sections from 920 GeV fixed target proton-nucleus collisions

Author

Imma Riu, F. Sanchez, Hernan Wahlberg, L. Garrido, B. Bobchenko, N. Tesch, Brian Petersen, I. Kisel, C. Stegmann, C. B. Krauss, Mikhail Zavertyaev, O. Barsukova, J. L. Rosen, O. Steinkamp, Ulrich Werthenbach, D. Ryzhikov, F. Klefenz, D. Dujmic, I. Belotelov, H. Kapitza, H. Thurn, Yu. Pavlenko, P. Kreuzer, Jenny Ivarsson, Pietro Faccioli, M. Beck, I. Golutvin, V. Aushev, R. Wurth, T. Perschke, Mauro Villa, D. Broemmelsiek, M. Chmeissani, H. Sun, J. Yang, A. Michetti, Paul Edmund Karchin, A. Stanovnik, H. Fleckenstein, M. Ouchrif, S. Korpar, J. Luidemann, M. Spahn, K. Hofner, A. Kaoukher, Helmut Wolters, V. Saveliev, L. Sozuer, V. Vagnoni, J. Chamanina, A. Bogatyrev, Farid Ould-Saada, Kwong Lau, B. Lewende, M. Mevius, Yu.V. Mikhailov, L. Seybold, Ramon Miquel, J. D. Hansen, Søren Schmidt, Peter Robmann, Wolfgang Wagner, R. van Staa, R Stdenis, S. Hausmann, R. Chistov, D. Samtleben, B. Lomonosov, K. Berkhan, V. Rusinov, V. Eiges, M. Medinnis, D. C. Goulart, Dmitry Emeliyanov, S. Schaller, Z. Ke, I. Belyaev, A. Zhelezov, Samim Erhan, W. Ruckstuhl, A. Moshkin, V. Popov, Werner Hofmann, P.E. Schlein, J. Glass, R. F. Schwitters, Valery Pugatch, S. Essenov, J.J. Wang, D. Wegener, J. Rieling, Roberto Spighi, R. Mankel, A. Lange, D. Krücker, S. Nowak, D. Pose, J. Bastos, A. Belkov, Hyun-Chul Kim, N.N. Karpenko, W. Schmidt-Parzefall, Umberto Marini Bettolo Marconi, S. Steinbeck, V. Souvorov, A. Schreiner, Thomas Hamacher, B. Dolgoshein, W. Gradl, M. A. Pleier, C. Borgmeier, A. S. Schwarz, K. T. Knöpfle, B. Schwenninger, K. E. K. Gerndt, Antonio Zoccoli, Y. Guilitsky, Y. Vassiliev, U. Straumann, Yu.T. Kiryushin, I. Gorbounov, F. Saadi-Ludemannm, M. Dressel, M. Poli, D. Peralta, T. Lohse, I. Negri, M. Capeans, A. Bertin, Antonio Sbrizzi, Z. Zheng, S. Karabekyan, Y. Bagaturia, S. Ramachandran, G. Leffers, A. Vitale, I. Vukotic, S. Semenov, J. Zweizig, K. M. Danielsen, Benedetto Giacobbe, A. Gellrich, X. Dong, S. Shuvalov, Reinhard Männer, B. Schwingenheuer, B. Fominykh, F. Khasanov, M. Nörenberg, V. Rybnikov, M. Funcke, M. Walter, Nicola Semprini-Cesari, M. Bruinsma, M. Bargiotti, P. Pakhlov, C. van Eldik, H. Deppe, David Gascon, M. Hildebrandt, Kendall Reeves, I. C. Legrand, Vasco Amaral, S. Fourletov, M. Rietz, J. Shiu, O. Gouchtchine, J. Pyrlik, S. Solunin, W. Fallot-Burghardt, S. Keller, S. F. Takach, Christian Bauer, T. Glebe, Andrej Gorišek, D. Galli, H. Schröder, M. Ispiryan, M. Titov, G. Bohm, V. Bassetti, T. Fuljahn, Hermann Kolanoski, L. Matchikhilian, F Sciacca, Klaus Dehmelt, S. Gradl, R. Pernack, S. Issever, H. Itterbeck, V. Kochetkov, T. Zeuner, D. Skrk, I. Abt, B. X. Chen, M. Sang, P. Truöl, W. Hulsbergen, R. Baghshetsyan, P. J. Weyers, R. Wanke, J. Spengler, B. Schmidt, K. Ehret, Yuriy Pylypchenko, R. Pestotnik, Y. Jia, T. Buran, R. Loke, F. Sun, Ulrich Husemann, J. Flammer, M. Böcker, A. Pose, C. Jiang, A. Spiridonov, A. Christensen, M. Symalla, R. Eckmann, A. Golutvin, S. J. Aplin, João Carvalho, U. Trunk, M. S. Atiya, I. Tsakov, S. Nam, Olga Igonkina, V. Balagura, R. Muresan, M. Feuerstack-Raible, Y. Wang, C. Hast, G. Zech, A. Mohapatra, H. B. Dreis, M. Buchler, Mogens Dam, I. Arino, R. Mizuk, U. Schwanke, Laura Fabbri, S. De Castro, M. Danilov, P. Krizan, S. Masciocchi, A. H. Walenta, D. Goloubkov, K. Riechmann, B. Moshous, A. Lanyov, G. Medin, Z. Zhu, H. Deckers, A. Soldatov, T. Zivko, Marcus Hohlmann, A. Arefiev, F. Ratnikov, I. Tikhomirov, H. Albrecht, R. Zimmermann, I. Massa, A. Garcia, R. F. Harr, M. T. N. P. de Vera, T. Oest, D. Ressing, V. Egorytchev, A. Oliveira, A. Wurz, M. Bräuer, C. Rothe, H. D. Schultz, António Amorim, Peter Buchholz, T. Kvaratskheliia, Th.S. Bauer, T. Walter, M. Starič, A. Somov, M. Adams, E. Sexauer, M. Negodaev, Yang Liu, A. J. Schwartz, D. Stieler, Jose M Hernandez, M. Bruschi, M. Piccinini, A. Hoscher, G.J. Wagner, I. Siccama, M. Schmelling, S. Barsuk, S. Spratte, F. Eisele, M. Capponi, T. Hott, P. Conde, T. Jagla, S. Somov, Yu. Zaitsev, C. Cruse, C. Padilla, S. Xella-Hansen, A. Abyzov, and U. Uwer

Subjects
Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Sigma, HERA, Lambda, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Atomic mass, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Engineering (miscellaneous), HERA-B, Bar (unit)
Abstract

Inclusive differential cross sections dsigma(pA)/dx(F) and dsigma(pA)/dp(t)(2) for the production of K-S(0), Lambda, and (U) over bar particles are measured at HERA in proton-induced reactions on C, Al, Ti, and W targets. The incident beam energy is 920 GeV, corresponding to roots = 41.6 GeV in the proton-nucleon system. The ratios of differential cross sections dsigma(pA)(K-S(0))/dsigma(pA)(Lambda) and dsigma(pA)((U) over bar)/dsigma(pA) (Lambda) are measured to be 6.2 +/- 0.5 and 0.66 +/- 0.07, respectively, for x(F) approximate to -0.06. No significant dependence upon the target material is observed. Within errors, the slopes of the transverse momentum distributions da,Ald t also show no significant dependence upon the target material. The dependence of the extrapolated total cross sections sigma(pA) on the atomic mass A of the target material is discussed, and the deduced cross sections per nucleon sigma(pN) are compared with results obtained at other energies.

Published
2003

4. J/psi production via chi(c) decays in 920 GeV pA interactions

Author

Samim Erhan, P. Kreuzer, M. Noerenberg, M. T. Nunez Pardo de Vera, R. Muresan, B. Schmidt, L. Garrido, H. B. Dreis, K. Berkhan, T. Hott, A. Stanovnik, U. Uwer, Sebastian Nowak, V. Rusinov, D. Wegener, R. Mizuk, C. Borgmeier, W. Gradl, M. Walter, D. Ryzhikov, Peter Robmann, M. Hildebrandt, S. Schmidt, B. A. Petersen, V. Saveliev, O. Gouchtchine, R. vanStaa, K. Riechmann, J. Yang, Pietro Faccioli, I. Massa, V. Aushev, J.D. Hansen, M. Spahn, C. Cruse, H. Wahlberg, D. Dujmic, J. Glaess, G. Bohm, C. Hast, Hermann Kolanoski, M. Dressel, A. Somov, G. Medin, J. Chamanina, J. Zweizig, P.E. Schlein, K. M. Danielsen, R. F. Schwitters, R. Eckmann, P. Conde, D. Kruecker, Igor Golutvin, M. Boecker, T. Jagla, S. Schaller, A. Moshkin, R. Wanke, A. Zhelezov, Yu. Zaitsev, Y. Pylypchenko, O. Steinkamp, T. Zivko, L. Sozuer, F. Sanchez, Jenny Ivarsson, M. Capponi, D. Goloubkov, K. T. Knöpfle, Kwong Lau, A. Gellrich, W. Schmidt-Parzefall, R. Spighi, Thomas Hamacher, Y. Vassiliev, I. Negri, G. Leffers, Rok Pestotnik, M. Symalla, S. J. Aplin, H. Schroeder, S. Essenov, A. Michetti, Paul Edmund Karchin, Y. Guilitsky, S. Steinbeck, S. Solunin, W. Fallot-Burghardt, U. Werthenbach, Yu.V. Mikhailov, A. Kaoukher, G.J. Wagner, B. Lewendel, David Gascon, S. F. Takach, M. Titov, T. Zeuner, A. H. Walenta, Y. Wang, J. Spengler, A. Belkov, L. Matchikhilian, O. Barsukova, S. Karabekyan, R Stdenis, U. Trunk, A. J. Schwartz, D. Stieler, Jose M Hernandez, I. Siccama, I. Abt, H. Itterbeck, Ramon Miquel, R. Baghshetsyan, D. C. Goulart, D. Galli, V. Popov, Werner Hofmann, Imma Riu, Mikhail Zavertyaev, B. Dolgoshein, V. Kochetkov, Ch. Rothe, B. Schwenninger, B. Giacobbe, S. Shuvalov, B. Bobchenko, M. Capeans, Yu. Pavlenko, Hyun-Chul Kim, A. Arefiev, S. De Castro, A. Wurz, Yu.T. Kiryushin, Laura Fabbri, L. Seybold, A. Lanyov, F. Klefenz, B. Lomonosov, V. Eiges, M. Feuerstack-Raible, C. Jiang, A. Spiridonov, V. Rybnikov, A. Golutvin, C. Padilla, W. Ruckstuhl, F. Ratnikov, I. Tikhomirov, S. Nam, Nicola Semprini-Cesari, Mauro Villa, M. Schmelling, M. A. Pleier, K. Höpfner, A. Christensen, Y. Bagaturia, Christian Bauer, D. Peralta, V. Bassetti, R. Wurth, B. Moshous, U. Schwanke, P. Truöl, C. B. Krauss, T. Oest, S. Barsuk, Samo Korpar, M. Poli, M. Adams, N. Tesch, U. Marconi, Fouzia Saadi-Lüdemann, Antonio Zoccoli, Jian Wang, M. Chmeissani, João Carvalho, Antonio Sbrizzi, J. Lüdemann, S. Spratte, E. Sexauer, D. Ressing, F. Khasanov, Robert Harr, S. Hausmann, I. Vukotic, S. Xella-Hansen, A. Bogatyrev, M. Bruinsma, U. Husemann, M. Negodaev, Kendall Reeves, T. Glebe, S. Fourletov, V. Souvorov, J. Bastos, T. Buran, I. Kisel, M. Buchler, I. Belyaev, Maurizio Piccinini, Y. Goloubkov, A. Gorisek, Dmitry Emeliyanov, T. Perschke, I. Tsakov, S. Gradl, A. Schreiner, S. Ramachandran, S. Keller, Vasco Amaral, X. Chen, F Sciacca, Klaus Dehmelt, Mogens Dam, X. Dong, R. Pernack, S. Issever, M. Sang, A. S. Schwarz, Th. S. Bauer, J. L. Rosen, A. Bertin, K. Ehret, N.N. Karpenko, D. Broemmelsiek, P. J. Weyers, R. Loke, K. E. K. Gerndt, Yunpeng Liu, Peter Buchholz, B. Schwingenheuer, A. Pose, W. Hulsbergen, Y. Jia, Z. Zheng, Marco Bruschi, A. Holscher, T. Walter, Thomas Lohse, J. Pyrlik, F. Eisele, A. Soldatov, Marcus Hohlmann, S. Somov, M. Ispiryan, J. Flammer, M. Bargiotti, B. Fominykh, Helmut Wolters, Farid Ould-Saada, M. Ouchrif, I. Arino, Wolfgang Wagner, M. Beck, Olga Igonkina, R. Zimmermann, P. Krizan, V. Balagura, H. Deckers, M. Danilov, I. Gorbounov, G. Zech, A. Mohapatra, T. Kvaratskheliia, R. Mankel, M. Funcke, I. C. Legrand, H. Albrecht, M. Starič, D. Skrk, V. Egorytchev, A. Oliveira, A. Lange, D. Pose, M. Braeuer, Mike Medinnis, C. van Eldik, Z. Ke, H. Deppe, J. Rieling, H. D. Schultz, Vincenzo Vagnoni, M. Rietz, C. Stegmann, A. Vitale, S. Semenov, António Amorim, T. Fuljahn, A. Garcia, R. Maenner, M. Mevius, H. Fleckenstein, R. Chistov, D. Samtleben, I. Belotelov, H. Kapitza, H. Thurn, Valery Pugatch, M. S. Atiya, S. Masciocchi, Z. Zhu, Geometry, (Astro)-Particles Physics, Mathematical Analysis, and Business Web and Media

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, HERA-B
Abstract

Using data collected by the HERA-B experiment, we have measured the fraction of J\psi's produced via radiative chi_c decays in interactions of 920 GeV protons with carbon and titanium targets. We obtained R_{\chi_c} = 0.32 \pm 0.06_{stat} \pm 0.04_{sys} for the fraction of J\psi from chi_c decays averaged over proton-carbon and proton-titanium collisions. This result is in agreement with previous measurements and is compared with theoretical predictions., Comment: 16 pages, 5 figs

Published
2003

5. Measurement of the $b\overline{b}$ production cross section in 920 GeV fixed-target proton-nucleus collisions

Author

R. Spighi, Dmitry Emeliyanov, H. Fleckenstein, Jian Wang, R. van Staa, S. Hausmann, Y. Pylypchenko, T. Glebe, Antonio Zoccoli, R. Chistov, D. Samtleben, I. Siccama, Imma Riu, C. B. Krauss, B. Bobchenko, A. Hoscher, T. Zeuner, I. C. Legrand, W. Hulsbergen, Y. Jia, Z. Zheng, J. Flammer, R. Baghshetsyan, A. Bogatyrev, D. Broemmelsiek, Olga Igonkina, K. E. K. Gerndt, D. Skrk, Y. Vassiliev, M. Hildebrandt, V. Balagura, J. Bastos, G. Zech, A. Mohapatra, A. Belkov, Valery Pugatch, M. Bräuer, G.J. Wagner, H. Kapitza, M. A. Pleier, S. Gradl, A. Schreiner, Maurizio Piccinini, H. Thurn, Sebastian Nowak, V. Rusinov, Th. S. Bauer, B. X. Chen, R. Mizuk, V. Souvorov, T. Buran, D. Wegener, W. Gradl, S. Essenov, L. Seybold, Søren Schmidt, K. Riechmann, R. Pernack, S. Issever, S. Karabekyan, J. Rosen, Z. Ke, B. Lomonosov, J. Rieling, V. Eiges, H. Albrecht, Vincenzo Vagnoni, P. J. Weyers, R. Loke, S. Somov, M. Ouchrif, H. Wahlberg, M. Böcker, A. Pose, I. Belyaev, A. Lange, K. M. Danielsen, Jenny Ivarsson, M. Capponi, M. Atiya, V. Amaral, I. Massa, A. Abyzov, T. Oest, G. Medin, D. Galli, F. Eisele, Hyun-Chul Kim, Samim Erhan, T. Zivko, U. Marconi, S. Masciocchi, D. Pose, M. Symalla, S. J. Aplin, F. Sanchez, C. van Eldik, Marco Bruschi, H. Sun, A. Michetti, Paul Edmund Karchin, H. Deppe, A. Kaoukher, W. Ruckstuhl, D. Peralta, Z. Zhu, B. Moshous, Peter Robmann, S. De Castro, I. Vukotic, V. Egorytchev, A. Oliveira, M. Rietz, A. Arefiev, P. Kreuzer, J. Shiu, S. Xella-Hansen, David Gascon, U. Schwanke, Ramon Miquel, C. Rothe, H. D. Schultz, H. B. Dreis, K. Berkhan, T. Hott, Peter E. Schlein, J. Luidemann, Y. Wang, C. Stegmann, A. Vitale, Andrej Gorišek, A. Bertin, M. Walter, S. Semenov, C. Borgmeier, M. Poli, Helmut Wolters, Farid Ould-Saada, T. Fuljahn, L. Garrido, F. Ratnikov, I. Tikhomirov, C. Jiang, O. Barsukova, A. Spiridonov, A. Stanovnik, O. Gouchtchine, S. Shuvalov, F. Klefenz, Ulrich Werthenbach, D. Ryzhikov, Wolfgang Wagner, A. Christensen, Mike Medinnis, O. Steinkamp, S. Steinbeck, J. Glass, R. F. Schwitters, R. Pestotnik, M. T. N. P. de Vera, Robert Harr, V. Saveliev, G. Bohm, M. Spahn, Hermann Kolanoski, B. Schwingenheuer, Nicola Semprini-Cesari, M. Schmelling, Pietro Faccioli, V. Aushev, Y. Guilitsky, B. Dolgoshein, M. Capeans, J. Yang, R. Wanke, F. Sun, M. Mevius, Christian Bauer, Laura Fabbri, F. Saadi-Ludemannm, Thomas Hamacher, Antonio Sbrizzi, C. Padilla, U. Uwer, I. Belotelov, M. Nörenberg, T. Perschke, H. Schröder, A. Wurz, J. Zweizig, S. F. Takach, J. Chamanina, M. Titov, J. D. Hansen, X. Dong, B. A. A. Petersen, Mogens Dam, L. Sozuer, K. Hofner, P. Krizan, D. Goloubkov, Y. Bagaturia, I. Negri, G. Leffers, S. Barsuk, M. Beck, M. Bargiotti, B. Fominykh, S. Solunin, A. Soldatov, F Sciacca, Marcus Hohlmann, Klaus Dehmelt, W. Schmidt-Parzefall, W. Fallot-Burghardt, M. Ispiryan, D. Dujmic, I. Tsakov, L. Matchikhilian, S. Spratte, D. Ressing, R. Zimmermann, H. Itterbeck, V. Kochetkov, R. Eckmann, P. Conde, Igor Golutvin, T. Jagla, A. Garcia, N. N. Karpenko, A. Amorim, A. Moshkin, T. Walter, Ulrich Husemann, I. Arino, João Carvalho, Yu. Zaitsev, D. Krucker, H. Deckers, M. Danilov, C. Cruse, R Stdenis, M. Dressel, Peter Buchholz, A. H. Walenta, I. Gorbounov, R. Mankel, Kwong Lau, A. Gellrich, M. Funcke, T. Kvaratskheliia, R. Wurth, M. Chmeissani, B. Lewende, S. Ramachandran, A. S. Schwarz, R. Manner, A. J. Schwartz, A. Golutvin, S. Nam, M. Bruinsma, P. Pakhlov, Kendall Reeves, M. Sang, K. Ehret, I. Kisel, M. Buchler, F. Khasanov, Thomas Lohse, S. Fourletov, S. Keller, I. Abt, J. Spengler, U. Trunk, A. Lanyov, A. Zhelezov, K. T. Knöpfle, Yang Liu, U. Straumann, D. Stieler, Jose M Hernandez, B. Giacobbe, M. Adams, N. Tesch, E. Sexauer, Yu.V. Mikhailov, M. Negodaev, Mikhail Zavertyaev, D. C. Goulart, M. Starič, A. Somov, Yu. Pavlenko, S. Schaller, V. Popov, Werner Hofmann, J. Pyrlik, B. Schwenninger, Mauro Villa, Samo Korpar, Yu.T. Kiryushin, M. Feuerstack-Raible, V. Rybnikov, V. Bassetti, P. Truöl, B. Schmidt, R. Muresan, C. Hast, Geometry, (Astro)-Particles Physics, Mathematical Analysis, and Business Web and Media

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Sigma, HERA, 01 natural sciences, Bottom quark, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Cross section (physics), 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Production (computer science), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), HERA-B, Bar (unit)
Abstract

Using the HERA-B detector, the b-bbar production cross section has been measured in 920 GeV proton collisions on carbon and titanium targets. The b-bbar production was tagged via inclusive bottom quark decays into J/psi, by exploiting the longitudinal separation of J/psi->ll decay vertices from the primary proton-nucleus interaction. Both $e^+e^-$ and $\mu^+\mu^-$ channels have been reconstructed and the combined analysis yields the cross section $\sigma(b \bar b) = 32 ^{+14}_{-12} (stat) ^{+6}_{-7} (sys) nb/nucleon$., Comment: 22 pages, 10 Postscript figures

Published
2003

6. The performance of the HERA-B RICH at high track densities

Author

D. Skrk, D. Broemmelsiek, R. Pestotnik, S. Karabekian, Kendall Reeves, R. Eckmann, Aleš Stanovnik, I. Ivaniouchenkov, Samo Korpar, Andrej Gorišek, T. Živko, M. Starič, M. Ispirian, Kwong Lau, P. Conde, Lluis Garrido, J. Rosens, P. Križan, I. Arinyo, J. Bastos, D. Peralta, J. Pyrlik, João Carvalho, D. Dujmic, Ramon Miquel, D. Ramachandran, and R. F. Schwitters

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cherenkov detector, Track (disk drive), Detector, Particle identification, law.invention, Momentum, Nuclear physics, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation, HERA-B
Abstract

The performance of the ring imaging Cherenkov counter (RICH) for the HERA-B experiment has been evaluated. The measured values of the basic parameters such as the number of detected photons per ring and Cherenkov angle resolution are found to agree with a priori estimates. Also at higher track densities, the detector is capable of identifying individual rings. Particle identification has been achieved by determining the momentum from tracks in the vertex detector and main tracking system, hits in the electromagnetic calorimeter and track directions as measured by the RICH.

Published
2001

7. The first year of the HERA-B RICH

Author

T. Zivko, J. Pyrlik, J. Bastos, M. Ispiryan, S. Karabekyan, D. Dujmic, João Carvalho, L. Garrido, P. Krizan, R. Eckmann, Kendall Reeves, Ramon Miquel, P. Conde, S. Ramachandran, I. Ivanouchenkov, M. S. Atiya, D. Peralta, R. F. Schwitters, S. Korpar, M. Starič, D. Skrk, Andrej Gorišek, R. Pestotnik, Kwong Lau, J. Rosen, A. Stanovnik, M. Selover, I. Arinyo, and D. Broemmelsiek

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Nuclear physics, Software, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, HERA-B
Abstract

The operational experience of the RICH detector for the first year at HERA-B is described. The design criteria, detector components, and reconstruction software are reviewed. The results show that the main design goals have been achieved.

Published
2000

8. Multianode photomultipliers as position-sensitive detectors of single photons

Author

Andrej Gorišek, M. Starič, R. Pestotnik, D. Skrk, Samo Korpar, A. Stanovnik, and P. Križan

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, High voltage, Electron, Optics, business, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation, Radioactive decay, HERA-B
Abstract

Tests of 2300 Hamamatsu multianode photomultipliers (1543 pieces of R5900-M16 and 762 pieces of R5900-M4) have been tested on the bench in order to evaluate their performance for use as position-sensitive photon detectors in the ring imaging Cherenkov counter of the HERA-B experiment.1 A weak and stable source of photons has been obtained by Cherenkov radiation of electrons from a 90Sr source in a quartz radiator. From measurements of the count rate versus high voltage, optimal high-voltage values have been obtained as well as a parameter (RQE) corresponding to the relative quantum e$ciency. Distributions of the number of photomultipliers as a function of the optimal high voltage and as a function of the relative quantum e$ciency are presented. The measured parameters are in good correlation with those provided by the manufacturer. The stability of the photomultipliers has also been followed over two years. The observed count rate decrease is consistent with the radioactive decay of 90Sr. ( 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2000

9. The HERA-B RICH

Author

D. Dujmic, I. Ivaniouchenkov, M. Starič, J. Pyrlik, R. F. Schwitters, Kendall Reeves, Ramon Miquel, D. Broemmelsiek, Aleš Stanovnik, Andrej Gorišek, Samo Korpar, Kwong Lau, P. Križan, I. Arinyo, João Carvalho, J. Rosen, S. Karabekian, D. Ramachadran, R. Eckmann, Lluis Garrido, M. S. Atiya, J. McGill, M. Ispirian, P. Maas, D. Skrk, and R. Pestotnik

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Particle physics, Proton, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, HERA, Ring-imaging Cherenkov detector, Nuclear physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation, Beam (structure), HERA-B
Abstract

The design issues and tests carried out with the ring imaging Cherenkov detector for the HERA-B experiment are reviewed. Results of on-the-bench tests of the employed photomultiplier tubes are reported together with the early commissioning measurements with the HERA proton beam.

Published
1999

10. Photon detectors for the HERA-B RICH

Author

T. Hamacher, P. Weyers, Peter Krizan, M. Cindro, C. Oehser, Samo Korpar, D. Skrk, W. Schmidt-Parzefall, D. Broemmelsiek, R. Pestotnik, J. Pyrlik, Aleš Stanovnik, A. Bulla, E. Michel, and M. Starič

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Photon detector, Detector, Anode, Nuclear physics, Radiation damage, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Quantum efficiency, Instrumentation, Photon detection, HERA-B
Abstract

Results of tests of different position-sensitive photon detectors for the HERA-B RICH are given. It is observed, that the CsI-MWPC cannot be routinely produced and maintained with sufficiently high quantum efficiency and that the TMAE detector loses anode wire gain too quickly. The third candidate, the H-6568 Hamamatsu multianode PMT, seems to meet all the requirements necessary for photon detection in the HERA-B RICH.

Published
1997

11. The RICH detector for HERA-B

Author

D. Skrk, A. Bulla, R. F. Schwitters, P. Kriẑan, T. Hamacher, Griša Močnik, M. Zavrtanik, E. Michel, M. Cindro, Samo Korpar, W. Schmidt-Parzefall, P. Weyers, Aleš Stanovnik, and M. Starič

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cherenkov detector, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Ring (chemistry), law.invention, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation, HERA-B
Abstract

The expected performance of the Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detector to be used in the HERA-B experiment is discussed.

Published
1996

12. Tests of a large area MWPC with a CsI photocathode

Author

T. Hamacher, M. Starič, M. Cindro, E. Michel, Samo Korpar, M. Zavrtanik, P. Križan, D. Skrk, and Aleš Stanovnik

Subjects
Physics, High rate, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Wire chamber, business.industry, Methane, Photocathode, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Temperature and pressure, Gas gain, chemistry, Quantum efficiency, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

The relative quantum efficiency of several CsI photocathodes in an asymmetric multiwire proportional chamber has been measured. The photocathode surface of 24 × 24 cm 2 is divided into 7.5 × 7.5 mm 2 pads and the chamber is operated with methane at normal temperature and pressure and a gas gain of about 10 5 . During tests of the high rate performance (∼2 MHz/cm 2 ) of a smaller chamber (5 × 5 cm 2 ), an interesting time variation of the count rate has been observed when illuminating the chamber with constant UV light.

Published
1996

13. Tests of photon detectors for the HERA-B RICH

Author

M. Starič, M. Zavrtanik, P. Križan, D. Skrk, P. Weyers, Samo Korpar, M. Cindro, W. Schmidt-Parzefall, Aleš Stanovnik, E. Michel, and T. Hamacher

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Wire chamber, Pion, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Photon detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, DESY, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation, Photocathode, HERA-B
Abstract

A multiwire proportional chamber with CsI photocathode pads and a TMAE based photon detector have been tested in order to evaluate their potential as candidates for a fast ring imaging Cherenkov counter, to be used for separation of pions from kaons in the HERA-B experiment proposed at DESY. Results of the tests are presented.

Published
1995

14. Tests of rich photon detectors for the HERA-B experiment

Author

T. Hamacher, E. Michel, Peter Krizan, M. Zavrtanik, Aleš Stanovnik, Samo Korpar, P. Weyers, D. Skrk, M. Cindro, M. Starič, and W. Schmidt-Parzefall

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Wire chamber, Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cherenkov detector, DESY, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Photocathode, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Pion, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Cherenkov radiation, HERA-B
Abstract

A multiwire proportional chamber with CsI photocathode pads and a TMAE based photon detector have been tested in order to evaluate their potential as candidates for a fast ring imaging Cherenkov counter, to be used for separation of pions from kaons in the HERA-B experiment proposed at DESY. Results of the tests are presented and the following parameters are discussed: the number of photons detected per ring, resolution of the Cherenkov angle, photoelectron drift time distribution, fraction of clusters and avalanche photon feedback.

Published
1995

15. Beam tests of a MWPC with CsI photocathode for Cherenkov ring imaging

Author

S. Lorpar, T. Hamacher, D. Skrk, M. Zavrtanik, M. Starič, E. Michel, A. Stanovnik, M. Cindro, and P. Krizan

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Wire chamber, Preamplifier, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Cherenkov detector, DESY, Particle accelerator, Particle detector, Photocathode, law.invention, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Nuclear electronics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Cherenkov radiation, Beam (structure)
Abstract

A 25/spl times/25 cm/sup 2/ asymmetric multiwire proportional chamber, with 7.5/spl times/7.5 mm/sup 2/ photosensitive CsI pads, has been tested with Cherenkov radiation of 3 GeV/c electrons in the T24 test beam at DESY. The performance of the chamber with specially designed low-noise, charge-sensitive preamplifiers is described. The parameters of the CsI-MWPC are compared to those of a TMAE photon detector in order to evaluate their potential as ring imaging Cherenkov (RICH) counters for the HERA-B experiment at DESY. >

Published
1995

16. Tests of photocathode quantum efficiencies using Cherenkov radiation of electrons from 90Sr

Author

D. Skrk, P. Kriẑan, M. Starič, Aleš Stanovnik, Vladimir Cindro, and Samo Korpar

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Absolute value, Electron, Photocathode, Wavelength, Optics, Quantum efficiency, business, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

Cherenkov photons emitted by electrons from a 90 Sr source in NaF and quartz radiators, have been measured with Philips photomultipliers XP2020 and XP2020Q. On a logarithmic scale the pulse height distribution is linear, with the slope sensitive to the absolute value of the photocathode quantum efficiency integrated over wavelength. The agreement between measured and simulated pulse height distributions confirms the validity of the simulation procedure as well as the input data taken from the literature. For the XP2020Q photomultiplier our results support the data of Dorenbos and de Haas, who found that the quantum efficiency below 250 nm is higher than stated by the manufacturer.

Published
1994

17. Is digital better in dental radiography?

Author

T Fortuna, U Zdesar, D Skrk, and B Valantic

Subjects
Dental radiography, medicine.medical_specialty, Radiography, Slovenia, Dentistry, Survey result, Radiation Dosage, Radiographic image interpretation, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Medical physics, Projection (set theory), Radiation, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Digital instrumentation, X-Ray Film, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, Radiography, Dental, Digital, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, business
Abstract

In Slovenia, dental radiography was the first field in which projection x-ray imaging using digital detectors was done. At present around 30% of intraoral dental x-ray units use digital detectors. Annual test results were analysed to compare digital systems with film-based ones. The survey results show significantly lower doses of exposure in digital systems. In our opinion digital systems are especially suitable for practitioners who perform a low number of x-ray examinations (e.g. private dentists), because of problems that may arise due to developing a limited number of films. The problem with digital systems could be the ease of deleting an image and performing another examination, the extent of which was not investigated.

Published
2008

18. The HERA-B Ring Imaging Cherenkov Counter

Author

Ramon Miquel, P. Križan, R. F. Schwitters, Thomas Hamacher, S. Kupper, David Gascon, D. Skrk, W. Schmidt-Parzefall, Kendall Reeves, S. Ramachandran, Andrej Gorišek, Aleš Stanovnik, J. Pyrlik, J. McGill, R. Pestotnik, M. Chmeissani, Samo Korpar, M. Ispirian, L. Garrido, M. Kim, A. S. Schwarz, S. Karabekian, J. Rosen, P. Maas, T. Živko, M. Starič, X. Siero, João Carvalho, R. Eckmann, Kwong Lau, N. Murthy, I. Arino, D. Broemmelsiek, J. Davila, J. Bastos, I. Ivaniouchenkov, D. Peralta, P. Conde, and D. Dujmic

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Photon, Cherenkov detector, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Curved mirror, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, law.invention, Telescope, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Optics, law, Angular resolution, business, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation, HERA-B
Abstract

The HERA-B RICH uses a radiation path length of 2.8 m in C_4F_10 gas and a large 24 square meters spherical mirror for imaging Cherenkov rings. The photon detector consists of 2240 Hamamatsu multi-anode photomultipliers with about 27000 channels. A 2:1 reducing two-lens telescope in front of each PMT increases the sensitive area at the expense of increased pixel size, resulting in a contribution to the resolution which roughly matches that of dispersion. The counter was completed in January of 1999, and its performance has been steady and reliable over the years it has been in operation. The design performance of the RICH was fully reached: the average number of detected photons in the RICH for a beta=1 particle was found to be 33 with a single hit resolution of 0.7 mrad and 1 mrad in the fine and coarse granularity regions, respectively., Comment: 29 pages, 23 figures

Published
2003
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19. Photon detectors for the HERA-B RICH

Author

D. Broemmelsiek, J. Rosen, E. Michel, Samo Korpar, Aleš Stanovnik, K. Lau, M. Cindro, M. Starič, R. F. Schwitters, A. Bulla, J. McGill, W. Schmidt-Parzefall, P. Krizan, D. Skrk, J. Pyrlik, C. Oehser, R. Pestotnik, T. Hamacher, and M. S. Atiya

Subjects
Physics, Photomultiplier, Wire chamber, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Photodetector, Photocathode, Nuclear physics, Optics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Quantum efficiency, business, Cherenkov radiation, HERA-B
Abstract

A summary of experimental studies of different photon detectors is presented. A CsI photocathode in a multiwire proportional chamber, a TMAE based gaseous photon detector and a new Hamamatsu multianode photomultiplier tube have been investigated in order to evaluate their suitability as photon detectors in the ring imaging Cherenkov counter of HERA-B. The results of the present work suggest that only the MA-PMT meets the demanding requirements of the HERA-B experimental environment. The CsI-MWPC cannot be routinely produced and maintained with sufficiently high quantum efficiency and the TMAE photon detectors lose gain as a result of relatively quick anode wire ageing.

Published
2002

20. The HERA-B RICH

Author

D. Peralta, M. Starič, T. Zivko, Kendall Reeves, D. Dujmic, Aleš Stanovnik, P. Conde, R. F. Schwitters, Ramon Miquel, K. Lau, João Carvalho, Andrej Gorišek, J. Bastos, Peter Krizan, J. Pyrlik, D. Broemmelsiek, R. Eckmann, D. Skrk, I. Arinyo, I. Ivanouchenkov, S. Ramachandran, Samo Korpar, J. Rosen, M. Ispiryan, L. Garrido, R. Pestotnik, and S. Karabekyan

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cherenkov detector, Detector, Spring (mathematics), Particle detector, Particle identification, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation, Event analysis, Gamma ray detection, HERA-B
Abstract

The HERA-B RICH detector was installed in spring 1998, and has been in stable operation over the last two years. The design criteria, detector components and event analysis tools are reviewed, and the observed particle identification capabilities are presented. The performance was found to meet design expectations.

Published
2002

21. PARTICLE IDENTIFICATION WITH THE HERA-B RICH

Author

M. Starič, D. Ramachandran, J. Bastos, J. Rosen, João Carvalho, D. Peralta, R. F. Schwitters, P. Conde, J. Pyrlik, P. Križan, I. Arinyo, R. Pestotnik, L. Garrido, D. Broemmelsiek, Andrej Gorišek, A. Stanovnik, M. Ispirian, R. Eckmann, D. Skrk, S. Korpar, D. Dujmic, I. Ivaniouchenkov, Ramon Miquel, K. Lau, T. Živko, Kendall Reeves, and S. Karabekian

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Particle identification, HERA-B
Published
2002

22. The physics potential of the HERA-B RICH

Author

J. Rosen, P. Križan, I. Arinyo, Andrej Gorišek, M. Ispirian, Kendall Reeves, Aleš Stanovnik, D. Skrk, D. Ramachadran, R. Eckmann, R. F. Schwitters, S. Karabekyan, M. S. Atiya, D. Dujmic, M. Starič, Ramon Miquel, R. Pestotnik, Kwong Lau, Samo Korpar, T. Živko, Lluis Garrido, I. Ivaniouchenkov, João Carvalho, J. Pyrlik, and D. Broemmelsiek

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, HERA-B experiment, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, High-energy physics, Tracking (particle physics), Instrumentation, HERA-B
Abstract

The physics potential of the RICH counter of the HERA-B experiment is illustrated in several MC simulated examples. In particular, we discuss its performance as an auxiliary tracking device. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TJM-3X64HB7-1S/1/d55375c0b74a9059447bb2d147fe2f11

Published
1999

23. Design of a RICH detector for the HERA-B experiment

Author

R. F. Schwitters, Aleš Stanovnik, Griša Močnik, P. Weyers, D. Skrk, Samo Korpar, M. Zavrtanik, E. Michel, P. Krizan, M. Cindro, W. Schmidt-Parzefall, T. Hamacher, and M. Stari

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Particle physics, Meson, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Photon detector, CP violation, Optical computing, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Optical refraction, HERA-B
Abstract

Some essential design features of the HERA-B RICH detector are given and results of tests performed with CsI and TMAE photon detectors are presented.

24. Availability of technology for managing cancer patients in the Southeast European (SEE) region.

Author

Dosanjh M, Ristova M, Gershan V, Georgieva P, Balin Kovacevic M, Bregu L, Coralic I, Djurovic T, Dosieva D, Foka Y, Fröbe A, Hatziioannou K, Hourdakis CJ, Kabashi Y, Kalev D, Kurtishi I, Litov L, Mezelxhiu B, Nestoroska Madjunarova S, Nikolova G, Skrk D, Smajlbegovic V, Smichkoska S, Stojkovski I, Strojan P, Tecic Z, Tešanović D, Todorovic V, and Valerianova Z

Abstract

Background: The Southeast European (SEE) region of 10 countries and about 43 million people differs from Western Europe in that most SEE countries lack active cancer registries and have fewer diagnostic imaging devices and radiotherapy (RT) units. The main objective of this research is to initiate a common platform for gathering SEE regional cancer data from the ground up to help these countries develop common cancer management strategies., Methods: To obtain detailed on-the-ground information, we developed separate questionnaires for two SEE groups: a) ONCO - oncologists regarding cancer treatment modalities and the availability of diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy equipment; and b) REG - national radiation protection and safety regulatory bodies regarding diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy equipment in SEE facilities., Results: Based on responses from 13/17 ONCO participants (at least one from each country) and from 9/10 REG participants (all countries but Albania), cancer incidence rates are higher in those SEE countries that have greater access to diagnostic imaging equipment while cancer mortality-to-incidence (MIR) ratios are higher in countries that lack radiotherapy equipment., Conclusion: By combining unique SEE region information with data available from major global databases, we demonstrated that the availability of diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy equipment in the SEE countries is related to their economic development. While immediate diagnostic imaging and radiation therapy capacity building is necessary, it is also essential to develop both national and SEE-regional cancer registries in order to understand the heterogeneity of each country's needs and to establish regional collaborative strategies for combating cancer., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 The Authors.)

Published
2022
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25. Typical air kerma area product values for trauma orthopaedic surgical procedures.

Author

Skrk D, Petek K, Pekarovic D, and Mekis N

Subjects
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Arthrodesis, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Bone Nails, Bone Screws, Fluoroscopy methods, Humans, Middle Aged, Radiation Dosage, Reference Values, Retrospective Studies, Orthopedic Procedures, Radiation Exposure analysis, Radiography, Interventional methods, Wounds and Injuries surgery
Abstract

Background: The aim of study was to establish the typical radiation quantity values for the most common trauma orthopaedic surgical procedures and to compare them with reference values of equivalent procedures performed in other institutions. In addition, we assess the impact of image intensifier and flat panel detector technology used for fluoroscopically guidance on patient exposure., Materials and Methods: Five most frequently performed fluoroscopically guided trauma orthopaedic procedures in University Medical Centre Ljubljana were analysed. Data on 199 cases over a 6 months period from December 2016 to June 2017 were gathered retrospectively. Study covered 40 dynamic hip screw fixations (DHS), 23 proximal femoral nail insertions (PFN), 20 proximal humeral nail insertions (PHN), 77 partial hip endoprosthesis implantations (PEP) and 39 percutaneous posterior spine fixations (PPS). The median and average along with the first and third quartile values of air kerma area product (KAP) for each procedure type were calculated as well as median and average value of fluoroscopy screening time., Results: Typical KAP value for dynamic hip screw fixation was set at 0.52 Gycm 2 ; for proximal femoral nail insertion at 0.53 Gycm 2 and for proximal humeral nail insertion at 0.26 Gycm 2 . For implantation of partial endoprosthesis typical KAP value utilizing flat panel technology was set at 0.08 Gycm 2 and at 0.21 Gycm 2 when the image intensifier technology was used. Typical KAP value for percutaneous posterior spine fixation was set at 1.26 Gycm 2 , using flat panel technology and at 3.98 Gycm 2 using image intensifier technology., Conclusions: Established typical KAP levels of surgical orthopaedic procedures in traumatology will serve as a valuable tool for further radiation exposure optimization., (© 2021 Damijan Skrk, Katja Petek, Dean Pekarovic, Nejc Mekis, published by Sciendo.)

Published
2021
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26. OPTIMAL COLLIMATION SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVES LUMBAR SPINE RADIOGRAPHY.

Author

Pazanin A, Skrk D, O'Driscoll JC, McEntee MF, and Mekis N

Subjects
Humans, Phantoms, Imaging, Radiation Dosage, Radiography, Lumbar Vertebrae diagnostic imaging
Abstract

Purpose: To determine the influence of optimal collimation during lumbar spine radiography on radiation dose and image quality., Material and Methods: 110 lumbar spine patients were split into two groups-the first imaged with standard collimation and the second with optimal collimation. Body mass index, image field size, exposure conditions and dose area product were measured. Effective and absorbed organ doses were calculated. Image quality was assessed., Results: Optimal collimation reduced the primary field by up to 40%. The effective dose was reduced by 48% for the AP projection, while no differences were found for the LAT projection due to incorrect positioning of the central beam with standard collimation. The absorbed dose to selected radiosensitive organs decreased by 41 and 10% in the AP and LAT projections, respectively. Image quality for the LAT projection improved by 24% and maintained for the AP projection., Conclusion: Optimal collimation in lumbar spine imaging significantly influences patient exposure to radiation., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2020
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27. Comparison of anteroposterior and posteroanterior projection in lumbar spine radiography.

Author

Alukic E, Skrk D, and Mekis N

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Phantoms, Imaging, Radiation Dosage, Random Allocation, Lumbar Vertebrae diagnostic imaging, Radiography methods, Spinal Diseases diagnostic imaging
Abstract

Background The aim of the study was to compare patient radiation dose and image quality in planar lumbar spine radiography using the PA and AP projection in a large variety of patients of both sexes and different sizes. Patients and methods In the first phase data of image field size, DAP, effective dose and image quality were gathered for AP and PA projection in lumbar spine imaging of anthropomorphic phantom. In the second phase, data of BMI, image field size, diameter of the patient's abdomen, DAP, effective dose and image quality were gathered for 100 patients of both sexes who were referred to lumbar spine radiography. The patients were divided into two groups of 50 patients, one of which was imaged using the AP projection while the other the PA projection. Results The study on the phantom showed no statistically significant difference in image field size, DAP and image quality. However, the calculated effective dose in the PA projection was 25% lower compared to AP projection (p =0.008). Measurements on the patients showed no statistically significant difference between the BMI and the image field size. In the PA projection, the thickness of abdomen was 10% (p < 10-3) lower, DAP 27% lower (p = 0.009) and the effective dose 53% (p < 10-3) lower than in AP projection. There was no statistically significant difference in image quality between the AP and the PA projection. Conclusions The study results support the use of the PA projection as the preferred method of choice in planar lumbar spine radiography.

Published
2018
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28. The impact of reconstruction algorithms and time of flight information on PET/CT image quality.

Author

Suljic A, Tomse P, Jensterle L, and Skrk D

Abstract

Background: The aim of the study was to explore the influence of various time-of-flight (TOF) and non-TOF reconstruction algorithms on positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PET/CT) image quality., Materials and Methods: Measurements were performed with a triple line source phantom, consisting of capillaries with internal diameter of ∼ 1 mm and standard Jaszczak phantom. Each of the data sets was reconstructed using analytical filtered back projection (FBP) algorithm, iterative ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm (4 iterations, 24 subsets) and iterative True-X algorithm incorporating a specific point spread function (PSF) correction (4 iterations, 21 subsets). Baseline OSEM (2 iterations, 8 subsets) was included for comparison. Procedures were undertaken following the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU-2-2001 protocol., Results: Measurement of spatial resolution in full width at half maximum (FWHM) was 5.2 mm, 4.5 mm and 2.9 mm for FBP, OSEM and True-X; and 5.1 mm, 4.5 mm and 2.9 mm for FBP+TOF, OSEM+TOF and True-X+TOF respectively. Assessment of reconstructed Jaszczak images at different concentration ratios showed that incorporation of TOF information improves cold contrast, while hot contrast only slightly, however the most prominent improvement could be seen in background variability - noise reduction., Conclusions: On the basis of the results of investigation we concluded, that incorporation of TOF information in reconstruction algorithm mostly affects reduction of the background variability (levels of noise in the image), while the improvement of spatial resolution due to incorporation of TOF information is negligible. Comparison of traditional and modern reconstruction algorithms showed that analytical FBP yields comparable results in some parameter measurements, such as cold contrast and relative count error. Iterative methods show highest levels of hot contrast, when TOF and PSF corrections were applied simultaneously.

Published
2015
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29. Estimated collective effective dose to the population from radiological examinations in Slovenia.

Author

Zontar D, Zdesar U, Kuhelj D, Pekarovic D, and Skrk D

Abstract

Background: The aim of the study was to systematically evaluate population exposure from diagnostic and interventional radiological procedures in Slovenia., Methods: The study was conducted in scope of the "Dose Datamed 2" project. A standard methodology based on 20 selected radiological procedures was adopted. Frequencies of the procedures were determined via questionnaires that were sent to all providers of radiological procedures while data about patient exposure per procedure were collected from existing databases. Collective effective dose to the population and effective dose per capita were estimated from the collected data (DLP for CT, MGD for mammography and DAP for other procedures) using dose conversion factors., Results: The total collective effective dose to the population from radiological in 2011 was estimated to 1300 manSv and an effective dose per capita to 0.6 mSv of which approximately 2/3 are due to CT procedures., Conclusions: The first systematic study of population exposure to ionising radiation from radiological procedures in Slovenia was performed. The results show that the exposure in Slovenia is under the European average. It confirmed large contributions of computed tomography and interventional procedures, identifying them as the areas that deserve special attention when it comes to justification and optimisation.

Published
2015
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30. Estimated collective effective dose to the population from nuclear medicine examinations in Slovenia.

Author

Skrk D and Zontar D

Abstract

Background: A national survey of patient exposure from nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures was performed by Slovenian Radiation Protection Administration in order to estimate their contribution to the collective effective dose to the population of Slovenia., Methods: A set of 36 examinations with the highest contributions to the collective effective dose was identified. Data about frequencies and average administered activities of radioisotopes used for those examinations were collected from all nuclear medicine departments in Slovenia. A collective effective dose to the population and an effective dose per capita were estimated from the collected data using dose conversion factors., Results: The total collective effective dose to the population from nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures in 2011 was estimated to 102 manSv, giving an effective dose per capita of 0.05 mSv., Conclusions: The comparison of results of this study with studies performed in other countries indicates that the nuclear medicine providers in Slovenia are well aware of the importance of patient protection measures and of optimisation of procedures.

Published
2013
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31. The effect of breast shielding during lumbar spine radiography.

Author

Mekis N, Zontar D, and Skrk D

Abstract

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the influence of lead shielding on the dose to female breasts in conventional x-ray lumbar spine imaging. The correlation between the body mass index and the dose received by the breast was also investigated., Materials and Methods: Breast surface dose was measured by thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD). In the first phase measurements of breast dose with and without shielding from lumbar spine imaging in two projections were conducted on an anthropomorphic phantom. In the second stage measurements were performed on 100 female patients, randomly divided into two groups of 50, with breast shielding only used in one group., Results: On average, breast exposure dose in lumbar spine imaging in both projections (anteroposterior (AP) and lateral) was found reduced by approximately 80% (p < 0,001) when shielding with 0.5 mm lead equivalent was used (from 0.45±0.25 mGy to 0.09±0.07 mGy on the right and from 0.26±0.14 mGy to 0.06±0.04 mGy on the left breast). No correlation between the body mass index (BMI) and the breast surface radiation dose was observed., Conclusions: Although during the lumbar spine imaging breasts receive low-dose exposure even when shielding is not used, the dose can be reduced up to 80% by breast shielding with no influence on the image quality.

Published
2013
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32. Risk of deterministic effects during endovascular aortic stent graft implantation.

Author

Kuhelj D, Zdesar U, Jevtic V, Skrk D, Omahen G, Zontar D, Surlan M, Glusic M, Popovic P, Kocijancic IJ, and Salapura V

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aorta, Abdominal, Aorta, Thoracic, Aortic Diseases diagnostic imaging, Endovascular Procedures adverse effects, Female, Film Dosimetry methods, Humans, Male, Maximum Tolerated Dose, Middle Aged, Radiation Dosage, Radiation Protection, Radiography, Interventional adverse effects, Radiography, Interventional methods, Renal Artery diagnostic imaging, Renal Artery surgery, Risk Factors, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Aortic Diseases surgery, Endovascular Procedures methods, Radiation Injuries prevention & control, Skin radiation effects, Stents
Abstract

Since the 1990s, stent graft implantation for aortic pathology has become an alternative to extensive surgical procedures in some patients. Indeed, many patients with such pathology are now treated endovascularly. Only limited data concerning the risk of a deterministic effect during aortic stent graft implantation are available Accordingly, 179 consecutive patients treated in our institute between October 2002 and July 2008 with endovascular aortic stent grafts were included in this study. Dosimetric data (kerma area product (KAP) and cumulative dose at the interventional reference point (CD(irp))) from radiograph reports were analysed for 172 patients. On a group of 19 patients, GAFCHROMIC XR type dosimetric films were also used to verify the automatic measurements. Readings from the integrated KAP meter were found to be too high and were therefore corrected - KAP to dose area product (DAP) and CD(irp) to entrance skin dose (ESD). Median DAP was 153 Gy cm² (35-700 Gy cm²) and median ESD was 0.44 Gy (0.12-2.73 Gy). Recorded dosimetric quantities were found to be good predictors of the skin dose and highlighted 4 patients (2.3%) who received skin doses that might cause possible deterministic effects. Endovascular stent graft implantation is less invasive than a surgical procedure and is widely used; mid-term results are encouraging. In a small number of patients, deterministic effects can occur even in departments with well-trained staff. Operators should inform the patients of possible skin injury after receiving high doses of ionising radiation and proper support must be available should that occur.

Published
2010
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33. Patient peak skin doses from cardiac interventional procedures.

Author

Zontar D, Kuhelj D, Skrk D, and Zdesar U

Subjects
Cardiovascular Diseases surgery, Humans, Pilot Projects, Prevalence, Slovenia epidemiology, Body Burden, Cardiovascular Diseases diagnostic imaging, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Radiation Dosage, Radiography, Interventional statistics & numerical data, Radiometry statistics & numerical data, Skin
Abstract

Interventional cardiac procedures not only lead to significant effective doses for the patient but also can potentially cause deterministic effects on the patient's skin. Information about the peak (maximal) skin doses (PSD) received by patients during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty procedures were collected from three cardiac catheter rooms. Cumulative dose at the interventional reference point (CD(IRP)) was collected for 161 patients and for 16 patients PSD was determined using Gafchromic dosimetry films. The comparison showed that CD(IRP) readings give a useful but conservative estimation of patient peak skin dose as it can lead to a significant overestimation. The median and third quartile values of CD(IRP) were 0.64 and 0.92 Gy, respectively. The 2 Gy threshold for deterministic effects was exceeded in nine patients. A good correlation was found between CD(IRP) and kerma area product measurements while the correlation with fluorography time was very weak.

Published
2010
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34. Is digital better in dental radiography?

Author

Zdesar U, Fortuna T, Valantic B, and Skrk D

Subjects
Evaluation Studies as Topic, Humans, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Radiography, Dental, Digital instrumentation, Slovenia, X-Ray Film, Radiation Dosage, Radiography, Dental, Digital methods, Radiography, Dental, Digital standards
Abstract

In Slovenia, dental radiography was the first field in which projection x-ray imaging using digital detectors was done. At present around 30% of intraoral dental x-ray units use digital detectors. Annual test results were analysed to compare digital systems with film-based ones. The survey results show significantly lower doses of exposure in digital systems. In our opinion digital systems are especially suitable for practitioners who perform a low number of x-ray examinations (e.g. private dentists), because of problems that may arise due to developing a limited number of films. The problem with digital systems could be the ease of deleting an image and performing another examination, the extent of which was not investigated.

Published
2008
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