Search

A search for ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ oscillations has been conducted at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility using ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ from ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ decay in flight. An excess in the number of beam-related events from the ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{C}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}X$ inclusive reaction is observed. The excess is too large to be explained by normal ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ contamination in the beam at a confidence level greater than 99%. If interpreted as an oscillation signal, the observed oscillation probability of $(2.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ is consistent with the previously reported ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{e}$ oscillation evidence from LSND.

Partial-length cDNA clones and full-length genomic clones corresponding to a complete canine DQB class II gene were isolated. Southern analyses suggested the presence of two DQB genes--one of which appeared to be a pseudogene lacking exon 2 called DQB2. The other DQB gene, called DQB1, was isolated from a genomic phage clone and contained six exons. The DQB1 clone was restriction mapped, and exon 2 was sequenced from 70 dogs. Twenty alleles were found. Most of the amino acid substitutions occurred at putative positions in the peptide binding site. Inheritance of these sequences showed Mendelian segregation with one or two alleles per dog. Cluster analysis of the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences subdivided the canine DQB1 alleles into four major allelic groups. The number of nonsynonymous changes was higher than the number of synonymous changes in the putative antigen recognition sites suggestive of positive selection.

A search for ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ oscillations has been conducted with the LSND apparatus using ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ from ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ decay in flight. Two analyses observe a total of 40 beam-on high-energy (60--200 MeV) electron events consistent with the ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}\mathrm{C}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}X$ inclusive reaction. This number is significantly above the $21.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.1$ events expected from the ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ contamination in the beam and the beam-off background. If interpreted as an oscillation signal, the observed oscillation probability of $(2.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ is consistent with the previously reported ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{e}$ oscillation evidence from LSND.

Charged current scattering of ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ on ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ has been studied using a ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ decay-in-flight ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ beam at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility. A sample of 56.8 $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}9.6$ events satisfying criteria for the exclusive reaction ${}^{12}{\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}{,\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}{)}^{12}{\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{g}.\mathrm{s}.}$ was obtained using a large liquid scintillator neutrino detector. The observed flux-averaged cross section $(6.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}41}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ agrees well with reliable theoretical expectations. A measurement was also obtained for the inclusive cross section to all accessible ${}^{12}\mathrm{N}$ states ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}},{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}})X.$ This flux-averaged cross section is $(11.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.8)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}40}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2},$ which is approximately half of that given by a recent continuum random-phase approximation calculation.

Charged current reactions of nu_e on 12C have been studied using a mu decay-at-rest nu_e beam from the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility. More than 500 events from the exclusive reaction 12C + nu_e -> e- + 12N g.s. were measured in a large Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector (LSND). The observed energy dependence of the cross section and the angular distribution of the outgoing electron agree well with theoretical expectations. Measurements are also presented for inclusive transitions to 12N excited states, 12C + nu_e -> e- + 12N and compared with theoretical expectations. Results are consistent with a recent Continuum Random Phase Approximation (CRPA) calculation.

A search for nu_bar_mu to nu_bar_e oscillations has been conducted at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility using nu_bar_mu from mu+ decay at rest. The nu_bar_e are detected via the reaction (nu_bar_e,p) -> (e+,n), correlated with the 2.2 MeV gamma from (n,p) -> (d,gamma). The use of tight cuts to identify e+ events with correlated gamma rays yields 22 events with e+ energy between 36 and 60 MeV and only 4.6 (+/- 0.6) background events. The probability that this excess is due entirely to a statistical fluctuation is 4.1E-08. A chi^2 fit to the entire e+ sample results in a total excess of 51.8 (+18.7) (-16.9) (+/- 8.0) events with e+ energy between 20 and 60 MeV. If attributed to nu_bar_mu -> nu_bar_e oscillations, this corresponds to an oscillation probability (averaged over the experimental energy and spatial acceptance) of 0.0031 (+0.0011) (-0.0010) (+/- 0.0005)., 57 pages, 34 figures, revtex, additional information available at http://nu1.lampf.lanl.gov/~lsnd/

A search for ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{e}$ oscillations has been conducted at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility by using ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ from ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}$ decay at rest. The ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{e}$ are detected via the reaction ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{e}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}n$, correlated with a $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ from $\mathrm{np}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d\ensuremath{\gamma}$ ( $2.2\mathrm{MeV}$). The use of tight cuts to identify ${e}^{+}$ events with correlated $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays yields 22 events with ${e}^{+}$ energy between 36 and $60\mathrm{MeV}$ and only $4.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6$ background events. A fit to the ${e}^{+}$ events between 20 and $60\mathrm{MeV}$ yields a total excess of ${51.0}_{\ensuremath{-}19.5}^{+20.2}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8.0$ events. If attributed to ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{e}$ oscillations, this corresponds to an oscillation probability of ( $0.31\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05$)%.

A search for ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{e}$'s in excess of the number expected from conventional sources has been made using the Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector, located 30 m behind the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility beam stop. The ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{e}$ are detected via ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{e}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}n$ with ${e}^{+}$ energy between 36 and $60\mathrm{MeV}$, followed by a $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ ray from $\mathrm{np}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d\ensuremath{\gamma}$ ( $2.2\mathrm{MeV}$). Using strict cuts to identify $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays correlated with ${e}^{+}$ yields 9 events with only $2.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3$ background expected. A likelihood fit to the entire ${e}^{+}$ sample results in a total excess of ${16.4}_{\ensuremath{-}8.9}^{+9.7}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.3$ events. If attributed to ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{e}$ oscillations, this corresponds to an oscillation probability of ( ${0.34}_{\ensuremath{-}0.18}^{+0.20}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07$)%.

Dilute scintillation mixtures emit isotropic light for both fast and slow particles, but retain the Cherenkov light cone from fast particles. Large volume detectors using photomultipliers to reconstruct relativistic tracks will also be sensitive to slow particles if they are filled with these mixtures. Our data show that 0.03 g/l of b-PBD in mineral oil has a 2.4:1 ratio (in the first 12 ns) of isotropic light to Cherenkov light for positron tracks. The light attenuation length is greater than 15 m for wavelength above 400 nm, and the scintillation decay time is about 2 ns for the fast component. There is also a slow isotropic light component that is larger (relative to the fast component) for protons than for electrons. This effect allows particle identification by a technique similar to pulse shape discrimination. These features will be utilized in LSND, a neutrino detector at LAMPF.

The polymorphism of the canine major histocompatibility complex class II DRB gene, DRBB1, was analyzed. Exon 2 that encodes the polymorphic beta 1 domain was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR product from 250 dogs was cloned and sequenced. Eighteen alleles were identified. Most of the variation in amino acid composition occurred at positions in the peptide binding site. Inheritance of these sequences showed Mendelian segregation with one or two alleles per dog. Cluster analysis of the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences subdivided the canine DRBB1 alleles into three major allelic groups. The number of nonsynonymous changes was higher than the number of synonymous changes in the putative antigen recognition sites indicative of positive selection. The data generated can serve as a basis for developing a typing assay for the canine DRBB1 gene.

A search for neutrino oscillations of the type nu_bar_mu to nu_bar_e has been conducted at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility using nu_bar_mu from muon decay at rest. Evidence for this transition has been reported previously. This paper discusses in detail the experimental setup, detector operation and neutrino source, including aspects relevant to oscillation searches in the muon decay-at-rest and pion decay in flight channels., 27 pages, 26 figures, revtex and psfig, additional information available at http://nu1.lampf.lanl.gov/~lsnd/

In this paper, we discuss results of researches in the field of microwave technologies carried out by scientists and experts of Kazan school. The first section is traditionally devoted to the summary of the conducted researches and development, as well as their places in similar researches of the world community. Results of author's researches in the field of mathematical modeling for microwave technologies and complexes are given in the second section. Approaches to the solution of the general and private problems of modeling are given. In the third section of paper, original classification of microwave processes is discussed. Results of development of installations, devices of real technological microwave complexes for various branches of industrial productions are given in the fourth section. The short review of the materials, published in various world and Russian editions, is provided in the fifth section: monographs, papers in journals and conference proceedings.

The Bragg microwave structures on the coaxial waveguide, constructed on the basis of the transfer optical technologies similar to the Bragg fiber grating, are considered. It is offered to use versions of such coaxial Bragg microwave structures in sensor application, in particular, creation of strain gauges, instruments for measuring dielectric constant of liquids and liquid products' level is considered. Methods for description of periodic inhomogeneous microwave structures characteristics and ways to modify the form of the frequency dependence of scattering parameters are viewed.

Celem autorki artykułu jest ukazanie roli biblioteki w promocji czytelnictwa wśród najmłodszych użytkowników biblioteki. IFLA wydało wytyczne dla bibliotek, które pracują z dziećmi do trzeciego roku życia, wyznaczając tym samym kierunek rozwoju bibliotek publicznych. Biblioteki, realizując wspomniane wytyczne, przyjmują jako czytelników najmłodsze dzieci i organizują zajęcia dla nich. Analiza wskazówek IFLA i działań podejmowanych przez konkretne biblioteki pozwoli na pokazanie konsekwencji, jakie wynikają z przyjęcia do biblioteki tak małych użytkowników. Zaprezentowane zostaną również ciekawe formy pracy z najmłodszymi. Ukierunkowanie na małe dzieci jest coraz bardziej utrwalającą się tendencją w funkcjonowaniu bibliotek, chociaż nie wszystkie placówki mogą sobie pozwolić na rozwój działalności z myślą o tego typu użytkownikach. Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00.

W roku 2012 biblioteki publiczne dla dzieci w Polsce świętują swoje 90. urodziny. To właśnie Łódź stała się miastem, w którym otwarto pierwsze wypożyczalnie dla dzieci. Jest to doskonała okazja, aby przyjrzeć się ich funkcjonowaniu i kłopotom z tożsamością. W artykule przedstawiono zmiany, jakie zaszły w organizacji i funkcjonowaniu bibliotek dla dzieci w ostatnim wieku. Opisano trzy modele – roboczo nazwane świątyniami – model skupiony na słowie, model skupiony na informacji i trzeci – model konsumpcji wraz z podstawowymi cechami charakterystycznymi dla każdego modelu – cele działania, zadania, zbiory, personel, czytelnicy, główne kierunki pracy. W ostatniej części postawiono pytanie o dalszy rozwój bibliotek dla dzieci. In 2012 public libraries in Poland celebrate their 90th birthday. The first of them was located in Łodź. It is good occasion to show their activities and difficulties with identity. In this article author describes the changes in organization and functioning in public libraries for children on the last century. Author shows three models – called “temples” – the first model concentrates on books and reading, the second model focuses on information and the third – concerns the consumption. The three models were described with their essential quantities – collections, activities, staff, readers, mains directions of their development. In the last part the question was raised about the further development of libraries for children. Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00.