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The decision to prescribe a medication long term to a child must be made with care because of possible detrimental effects on normal development. Current asthma guidelines advocate the use of inhaled corticosteroids in children with moderate or severe asthma (1,2). Corticosteroids administered systemically can impair linear growth (3,4) and height (5), possibly as a result of subnormal adrenal androgen and/or growth hormone (GH) production (6) and direct effects on bone and connective tissue growth (7). Although administering corticosteroids via inhalation is associated with fewer systemic effects compared with oral administration, there is recent evidence that consistent administration of inhaled corticosteroids can affect growth (8,9). The inhaled corticosteroids used most commonly in children with asthma are beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and budesonide. Following a brief review of mechanisms by which corticosteroids suppress growth, this article will summarise data pertaining to the effect of these two agents on growth in children with asthma.

A mechanical stylus surface analyzer (MSSA) system and the corresponding software were used to conduct standard surface analysis procedures. The MSSA instrumentation measures surface characteristics of soft bathroom tissue products. This paper describes the applicability of MSSA and how human tactile response may be modeled through characterization of surfaces. The concepts of passive and active touch as related to human perceived softness are reviewed. In particular, parameters pertinent to these kinds of tactile exploration are mentioned, as well as how they can be used to build a better model of human tactile response. A novel frequency analysis parameter called the frequency index for tactile sensitivity (FITS) is based on tissue paper surface analysis results from MSSA and provides the basis for the human response model. Included is a review of subjective human softness evaluation data for select tissues gathered to represent actual human responses. The MSSA and optical image analysis (OIA) data were collected on the same tissues, and the FITS parameter was found using MSSA. Also, MSSA data were used to reproduce an old standard parameter for evaluating tissue softness called the human tactile response (HTR) index. Since it is not possible to exactly reproduce HTR, the reproduced parameter calculated in this study is called HTR equivalent (HTR_EQ). Finally, standard deviation of luminance (SDL) and loosely bonded surface fibers (LBSF) parameters are determined for select tissues using OIA. Correlation results of the human data with FITS, HTR—EQ, SDL, and LBSF are discussed; FITS correlates best with the human response data and, together MSSA and FITS, has the ability to model human response to the softness of tissue paper products.

The Central Tracking Detector of the ZEUS experiment employs a time difference technique to measure the z coordinate of each hit. The method provides fast, three-dimensional space point measurements which are used as input to all levels of the ZEUS trigger. Such a tracking trigger is essential in order to discriminate against events with vertices lying outside the nominal electron-proton interaction region. Since the beam crossing interval of the HERA collider is 96 ns, all data must be pipelined through the front-end readout electronics. Subsequent data aquisition employs a novel technique which utilizes a network of approximately 120 INMOS transputers to process the data in parallel. The z-by-timing method and its data aquisition have been employed successfully in recording and reconstructing tracks from electron-proton interactions in ZEUS. © 1993.

Summary form only. The current data acquisition electronics at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory's ISIS Facility has been in operation since the facility started in 1984. Improving neutron detector technology, changing computing environments, and more exacting experiments will soon exceed its design specification. A new data acquisition and control system is thus required, taking advantage of the latest technology, which can accommodate increased detector numbers, monitor, control and preprocess acquired data, and yet still remain manageable. >

Abstract A method for calculating the performance of low-temperature separation plants is discussed, and comparisons of calculated recoveries with those observed during field testing of an installation are shown. The ability to calculate plant performance is of considerable value as a variety of possible operating programs can be investigated at little cost. The close agreement between calculated and observed plant recoveries suggests that with reasonable diligence plant performance can be calculated within generally accepted engineering accuracy. However, as over-enthusiastic employment of calculations can lead to serious error, calculated results should be supplemented with sufficient field or laboratory test data to provide adequate experimental verification. Introduction Within the past few years the use of low-temperature separation and stabilization units to increase the recovery of condensate from gas streams has increased greatly. Although the principle of cold separation is simple, the processing that is required to separate the hydrocarbon stream into the gas and liquid fractions resulting in the greatest over-all economy of operation is sometimes complicated, and the equipment used for this purpose is often expensive. Frequently, several hydrocarbon streams of varying (and in many cases, unknown) composition are mixed prior to processing through a plant. As a result, the most desirable operating conditions have not always been selected, and unexpected operating difficulties have developed. It seems plausible that a better understanding of lowtemperature processing and removal of much of the aforementioned uncertainty can be achieved by replacing rule-of-thumb analyses with convenient and usable calculation techniques. Therefore, the discussion which follows is designed to demonstrate that liquid hydrocarbon recovery resulting from processing light hydrocarbon mixtures through the type of low-temperature and stabilizer equipment commonly encountered in the Gulf Coast area may be calculated with sufficient accuracy for many engineering purposes.

Using a rapid freezing and sectioning technique, the distance between the lens and retina of the horse eye was measured. There is no indication of a ramp retina that could serve accommodation. The pupil axis of the eye coincides with the maximum lens to retina distance. The changes in the lens-retina distance are greater below the axis than above it. Calculations were made of refractive power of the horse eye from measurements of curvature and refractive indices of the ocular tissues. These calculations agree both qualitatively and quantitatively with retinoscopic measurements on live horses. Both show that the refractive state shifts in the direction of hyperopia above and below the axis and that this shift is greater below the axis than above it. Some dynamic accommodative ability in the living eye was observed.