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1. Noroviruses associated with acute gastroenteritis in a children's day care facility in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Author

C.I. Gallimore, M.A.B. Barreiros, D.W.G. Brown, J.P. Nascimento, and J.P.G. Leite

Subjects
Noroviruses, Day care center, Gastroenteritis, Genotypes, Introduction, Medicine (General), R5-920, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Noroviruses (Norwalk-like viruses) are an important cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. They are the most common cause of outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the adult population and occur in nursing homes for the elderly, geriatric wards, medical wards, and in hotel and restaurant settings. Food-borne outbreaks have also occurred following consumption of contaminated oysters. This study describes the application of a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay using random primers (PdN6) and specific Ni and E3 primers, directed at a small region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase-coding region of the norovirus genome, and DNA sequencing for the detection and preliminary characterisation of noroviruses in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in children in Brazil. The outbreak samples were collected from children

Published
2004
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4. Contents Vol. 45, 2002

Author

Colin R. Howard, A. Chatterji, Åke Lundkvist, Shereen El Kholy, C. Porta, A. Žvirblienė, Andrea Jegerlehner, Rolf E. Streeck, Stephen Norley, T. Lin, Peter Öhlschläger, Christian Pitra, Jeremy C. Simpson, Detlev H. Krüger, Patrik Maurer, Jörg Reimann, J. Staniulis, Reinhard Kurth, Matthias T. Dittmar, Matti Sällberg, Andris Kazaks, Jonas Kneser, Sylvie Lachmann, Carol A. Roneker, Brent E. Korba, G.P. Lomonossoff, Brian Hjelle, Andris Dislers, L.L. Burns, Eva-Jasmin Freyschmidt, Petra Riedl, Alain Tissot, David R. Milich, Hae-Wol Cho, Marcin Kwissa, Michael Nassal, D.W.G. Brown, J.E. Johnson, S. Süle, James Brooke Murray, Volker Bruss, A. Hale, Angela Rösen-Wolff, K. Sasnauskas, J. Michael Lord, Maurice R. Hilleman, Oliver Hohn, Diana Koletzki, R. Ulrich, Heidrun Guthöhrlein, Brigitte Beer, Wolfram Osen, Ivars Petrovskis, Shahryar Khattak, Lutz Gissmann, Franziska Lechner, Reinhold Schirmbeck, Gary T. Jennings, Hans Gelderblom, W.A. Knowles, A. Dargevičiūte, Jens Wild, Wolfgang A. Renner, Peter G. Stockley, Helga Meisel, Paul J. Cote, Ronald K. Potkul, W. Martin Kast, Velta Ose, Tom R. Phillips, D. Bartkevičiūte, Janice Hughes, Min Wu, Martin F. Bachmann, Peter Sebbel, Erik Seibold, Rainer G. Ulrich, S.S. Taylor, Doris Binninger-Schinzel, Ludwig Deml, Andrew W. Taylor-Robinson, Martin Müller, Paul Pumpens, Chris J. Adams, Ralf Wagner, Hans-Georg Kräusslich, Andreas M. Kaufmann, Robert Allan Mastico, Dörte Radke, Alexandra Bojak, Christophe Hourioux, Ulrich Marcus, Karen G. Heal, Joyce Jones, Mark T. Wakabayashi, Elmars Grens, Corina Cosma, L. Jin, George P. Lomonossoff, Dace Skrastina, Ho-Wang Lee, Stephan Menne, Galina Borisova, Bud C. Tennant, Diane M. Da Silva, William L. Brown, A. Bulavaite, Gholamreza Darai, Thorsten U. Vogel, Nico Michel, John L. Gerin, and A. Gedvilaite

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Virology
Published
2002
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5. Development of a dual target-PCR for detection and characterization of measles virus in clinical specimens

Author

L. Jin, D.W.G. Brown, and A. Richards

Subjects
Adult, Molecular Sequence Data, Measles, Polymerase Chain Reaction, law.invention, Measles virus, law, Genotype, medicine, Humans, Encephalitis, Viral, Molecular Biology, Polymerase chain reaction, biology, Molecular epidemiology, Base Sequence, RNA, Cell Biology, Amplicon, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Molecular biology, RNA, Viral, Female, Primer (molecular biology)
Abstract

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed for detecting measles virus (MV) RNA in a variety of clinical samples using primer pairs in the nucleocapsid (N) and matrix (M) genes in one reaction (dual target-PCR). The dual target-PCR detected MV RNA in tissue culture fluid containing 1 TCID50 of the MV Loss strain, and was as sensitive as a single target-PCR. Specificity was confirmed by the failure of the dual target-PCR to amplify products from the infected tissue culture containing related paramyxoviruses. Thirty-two of 35 (91.4%) samples collected from 23 patients with confirmed measles infection by the detection of measles specific IgM were found to be positive for MV RNA by PCR. Direct sequencing of the PCR amplicons revealed three different genotypes among the MV strains that were detected in 12 patients. The dual target-PCR method is suitable for the diagnosis of measles infection and, based on the sequencing of the PCR product DNA, for investigating the molecular epidemiology of MV strains.

Published
1996

6. Subject Index Vol. 45, 2002

Author

Colin R. Howard, Mark T. Wakabayashi, S. Süle, Volker Bruss, W. Martin Kast, Ralf Wagner, Patrik Maurer, Jörg Reimann, J. Staniulis, Ludwig Deml, Chris J. Adams, Reinhold Schirmbeck, Hans Gelderblom, Hans-Georg Kräusslich, Christophe Hourioux, Heidrun Guthöhrlein, Wolfgang A. Renner, Helga Meisel, David R. Milich, Alexandra Bojak, Velta Ose, Bud C. Tennant, A. Hale, Diane M. Da Silva, Gholamreza Darai, A. Gedvilaite, Matthias T. Dittmar, Matti Sällberg, Carol A. Roneker, L.L. Burns, Eva-Jasmin Freyschmidt, Corina Cosma, L. Jin, Oliver Hohn, Dörte Radke, Marcin Kwissa, Christian Pitra, William L. Brown, Lutz Gissmann, George P. Lomonossoff, K. Sasnauskas, Ivars Petrovskis, A. Chatterji, Åke Lundkvist, Reinhard Kurth, J.E. Johnson, Stephan Menne, Gary T. Jennings, Galina Borisova, Petra Riedl, Tom R. Phillips, G.P. Lomonossoff, Dace Skrastina, A. Žvirblienė, Andrea Jegerlehner, Ronald K. Potkul, Erik Seibold, A. Dargevičiūte, Doris Binninger-Schinzel, Robert Allan Mastico, Martin Müller, Elmars Grens, Michael Nassal, D.W.G. Brown, Martin F. Bachmann, Ulrich Marcus, Jens Wild, Janice Hughes, Karen G. Heal, D. Bartkevičiūte, Rolf E. Streeck, Ho-Wang Lee, Min Wu, Angela Rösen-Wolff, R. Ulrich, Brian Hjelle, Andris Dislers, Thorsten U. Vogel, Wolfram Osen, S.S. Taylor, Nico Michel, John L. Gerin, Peter Sebbel, Diana Koletzki, C. Porta, Franziska Lechner, Andrew W. Taylor-Robinson, Peter Öhlschläger, Jeremy C. Simpson, Jonas Kneser, Paul Pumpens, Alain Tissot, W.A. Knowles, Andreas M. Kaufmann, Stephen Norley, Hae-Wol Cho, James Brooke Murray, T. Lin, Andris Kazaks, Brent E. Korba, Joyce E. Jones, J. Michael Lord, A. Bulavaite, Maurice R. Hilleman, Brigitte Beer, Shereen El Kholy, Paul J. Cote, Shahryar Khattak, Rainer G. Ulrich, Detlev H. Krüger, Sylvie Lachmann, and Peter G. Stockley

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Index (economics), Virology, Statistics, Subject (documents), Mathematics
Published
2002
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9. A chimeric bovine enteric calicivirus: evidence for genomic recombination in genogroup III of the Norovirus genus of the Caliciviridae

Author

J.C. Bridger, J Green, D.W.G. Brown, and Stefan L. Oliver

Subjects
viruses, Molecular Sequence Data, Cattle Diseases, Genome, Viral, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Genome, Article, Open Reading Frames, fluids and secretions, Capsid, Phylogenetics, Virology, Calicivirus, medicine, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, Gene, Phylogeny, Genomic organization, Caliciviridae Infections, Genetics, Recombination, Genetic, Phylogenetic tree, Base Sequence, Norovirus, Genetic Variation, virus diseases, DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases, Bovine, biology.organism_classification, RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, Caliciviridae, United Kingdom, digestive system diseases, Recombination, Gastroenteritis, Genomic, RNA, Cattle, Sequence Alignment, Chimeric, Polymerase, Human
Abstract

The Norovirus genus of the Caliciviridae encompasses viruses that cause outbreaks of gastroenteritis in human and viruses that have been associated with diarrhea in cattle. The two bovine noroviruses, Bo/Newbury2/76/UK and Bo/Jena/80/DE, represent two distinct genetic clusters in the newly described genogroup III. In the present study, Jena-like polymerase sequences were identified for the first time in the UK, but one of these, Bo/Thirsk10/00/UK, was a chimeric virus. Bo/Thirsk10/00/UK had a Jena-like polymerase gene but Newbury2-like capsid and ORF3 genes by comparison of their genome organization, nucleotide, and amino acid identities and phylogenetic analyses. The present study is one of few studies to clearly demonstrate the existence of chimeric genomes in the Norovirus genus and the first, to our knowledge, to identify a chimeric genome in genogroup III. It provides additional support that genomic recombination is part of the natural evolution of noroviruses and is relevant to the diagnosis and immunological control of norovirus diarrhea outbreaks.

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