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ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristics of diphenidol poisoning cases and to provide clues and technical means for the identification of such cases.MethodsBiological samples of 9 deaths caused by diphenidol poisoning were detected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）, and the characteristics of these cases were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsMost of the deaths caused by diphenidol poisoning were young females. The dosage was between 60 and 300 tablets, and the mass concentration of diphenidol in the postmortem blood ranged from 0.87 to 99.00 μg/mL. There was no correlation between the dosage and the concentration of diphenidol in the blood.ConclusionDiphenidol poisoning has the characteristics of high concealment and lethality. More attention should be paid to suicide cases, and diphenidol should be recommended as a routine detection item to avoid missing detection.

ObjectiveTo explore the research hotspots and development trends of the field of forensic drowning from 1991 to 2020 by bibliometrics methods.MethodsBased on Web of Science， CNKI database， Wanfang Data knowledge service platform， python 3.9.2， CiteSpace 5.8.R3, Gephi 0.9.2, etc. were used to analyze the publishing trends， countries/regions， institutions， authors and topics of the study on drowning.ResultsA total of 631 English literature were obtained， including 59 articles from Chinese authors， and 386 Chinese literature were obtained. The Chinese and English journals with the largest number of related literatures were Chinese Journal of Forensic Science （80 articles） and Forensic Science International （106 articles）， respectively. Japan published the most articles in English， and China ranked third. Osaka City Univ （Japan，28 articles） published the most English articles，and Guangzhou Forens Sci Inst （China，22 articles） ranked second. Among Chinese literature， Guangzhou Forens Sci Inst （32 articles） published the most. The topic analysis of Chinese and English literature showed that diatom examination， virtual autopsy， postmortem biochemical examination， the nature of death， and postmortem submersion interval were the hot spots of current research， but English literature had more studies on new technologies and methods， while Chinese literature was more inclined to practice， application and experience summary.ConclusionThe number of literature in forensic medicine on drowning is relatively stable. The scope of international and domestic collaborations in this field is still limited. The automated examination of diatoms， the establishment of diatom DNA barcodes and virtual autopsy will be the most important research hotspots in the coming period and are expected to achieve breakthroughs in drowning diagnosis， drowning location inference， postmortem submersion interval estimation， etc.

Drug addiction is a recurrent, chronic brain disease. The existing treatment methods have limitations, such as poor adherence and inability to completely avoid relapse. Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) is involved in many neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, pain, and drug dependence. Studies have confirmed that there is a genetic link between HINT1 and addictions such as nicotine and cocaine. However, there is no research on the role of HINT1 protein in morphine addiction at home and abroad. Thus, we designed this project by constructing different types of morphine addiction animal models, including conditioned place preference and behavioral sensitization. We comprehensively examined the participation of HINT1 protein in key brain regions associated with addiction, including prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, corpus striatum, and hippocampus, in different stages of different models. In addition, we used HINT1 knockout mice to establish the above models and physical dependence model to investigate the effect of HINT1 protein deletion on morphine addiction-related behaviors. We found that HINT1 has varying degrees of involvement in different stages of multiple addictive animal models. The absence of HINT1 can attenuate morphine-mediated addictive behavior to a certain extent and can alleviate the withdrawal symptoms of morphine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder in humans; yet, the underlying mechanism remained unclear. Recent studies suggested that the histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1) may play significant roles in diverse neuropsychiatric diseases including drug addiction. In our present study, we used different batches of mice to establish the different stages of methamphetamine (METH)-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) to explore the dynamic changes throughout the process of addiction in different brain regions, including prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), corpus striatum (CPu), and hippocampus (Hip). We found that in NAc of the METH group mice, the HINT1 expression level initially increased after acquisition phases, and then dropped to the normal level after extinction phase, and again increased after reinstatement phase. However, there was no statistical difference in the HINT1 expression level in other three encephalic regions (PFC, CPu, and Hip). Therefore, the HINT1 protein, particularly in the NAc, plays a vital role in the METH-induced CPP. However, the precise mechanisms will require further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the isolation and EGFP gene transfection of porcine mammary gland stem cells. Plasmid containing EGFP gene was transfected into MGS cells through lipofection and the positive cells were induced to differentiate into epithelial cells. EGFP gene that has been transfected MGS cells abtains. The result suggests that MGS cells could be isolated and cultured from adult porcine mammary gland tissue.