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The mining industry is one of the most important sectors of economy in most countries, developing it as efficiently as possible is a major task for science, due to this reason great efforts are being devoted to study the main operations that make it up in order to optimize resources. The problem that bases this investigation is the need to establish the relationship between productivity, maintenance and replacement of mining equipment that is used in large-scale in the open-pit mining, based on the analysis of their performance under specific exploitation conditions. For this purpose we have done the description of the technological flow of the mine, characterizing the mining equipment that intervenes in the exploitation process, have been evaluated the conditions under which the machinery is replaced and the effects that the deficiencies in this process cause the cost of operations. A field research has been carried out, applying the method of case study as a main technique, whose most relevant result has been the calculation of the total productivity index of transport equipment, excavation - load and bulldozers, yielding values of 51.72%, 48.88% and 55.51% respectively, showing reductions in productivity of the park of machines between 44% and 51%. Among the main causes that have influenced the reduction of the productivity index of the machinery park is the technical availability, increased by the deficiencies in the compliance of the maintenance plans, which in turn is closely related to the acquisition modality that applies to each specific team and the decision to replace at the right time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extraction of aggregates is one of the activities that generates the greatest impact on the environment. Currently, the province of Santiago de Cuba has 8 reservoirs where resources are exploited for the production of materials for construction. The areas degraded by the exploitation of aggregates in the province occupy around 200 ha, which causes a great impact on the environment. For this reason, it was proposed as Objective: to carry out an environmental impact assessment of the exploitation of the Yarayabo quarry, in order to propose the preventive and corrective measures that must be adopted to minimize the impact on the environment, in order to make the exploitation and preservation of the natural environment. In the methodology: scientific methods were applied that allowed the analysis of the factors that influence the alteration of the environment resulting from mining exploitation. Reaching as result: the environmental impact matrix of the quarry object of study. And in conclusion: measures were proposed for each of the components impacted to mitigate their effects and thus achieve responsible mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gravel pits are exploitations to extract granular materials, sand and gravel in the alluvial river areas. Excavated voids are not very deep, unlike quarries and generally result in flooded areas. The company building materials in Holguin province has concessioned four deposit and within a gravel pit. The areas damaged by the exploitation of construction materials in the territory occupy about 75 ha, which causes a strong impact on the environment. For this reason it is proposed to develop a procedure to recover the deposit mined area in the gravel - sand Rio Sagua de Holguín as to achieve responsible mining. With the application of scientific methods analyzed the factors influencing the choice of recovery uses the mined area in the study area and developed a procedure consisting of five main stages. With the development of the procedure was shown that it can improve the social and environmental quality in the area affected by the mining activity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One way to guarantee the food security of the eastern part of the country and to fight against climate change, is undoubtedly the construction of the underground tunnel in the municipality of Mayarí, due to the urgency of transferring the water from where it exists to the areas that they are scarce of this resource, which makes it a prioritized task, however, it is necessary to evaluate the impacts caused by such construction, taking into account the importance of the effects that already produce the country's environmental policy. The objective of this research is to identify, characterize and evaluate the environmental impacts resulting from the construction of the underground tunnel in the municipality of Mayarí and propose measures to minimize and correct the negative effects. As part of the work, a plan of measures for the prevention, mitigation and correction of negative effects was develo [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The execution and operation of the underground protective works, like any constructive mining work, is not exempt from generating impacts on the environment where it is located. However, the need to build it does not necessarily imply the indiscriminate degradation of the environment, because through the established procedures of Environmental Impact Assessment and environmental management the negative impacts identified can be minimized. For this reason, it was proposed as Objective in this work: to identify, characterize and evaluate the environmental impact resulting from the construction of protective works in the municipality of Moa, with the purpose of proposing preventive and corrective measures to make compatible the construction and the preservation of the environment natural. In the methodology: scientific methods were applied that allowed the analysis of the factors that influence the alteration of the environment resulting from the construction of the work. Reached as a result: the environmental impact matrix of the work under study and in conclusion: measures were proposed for each of the components impacted to mitigate and correct their effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]