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In this paper, we analyse the potential impact of policies aimed at fostering fiscal sustainability on citizens' preferences. A survey specifically designed for this purpose quantifies citizens' knowledge and concern about fiscal imbalances and the institutional framework that addresses them in Spain, and their possible electoral reactions to public spending cuts and tax increases. Using both ordered and unordered multinomial probit models, we corroborate that citizens tend to disapprove of retrenchment policies. However, the effect on citizens' voting intentions varies depending on their political ideology. We confirm that left‐wing voters supporting the incumbent coalition parties prefer austerity policies based on the revenue side of the budget, while right‐wing voters tend to approve retrenchments based on the expenditure side to a larger extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypokalemia is a common condition that has been well studied. In most patients, mild hypokalemia is asymptomatic, while those with moderate-to-severe hypokalemia tend to show more prominent symptoms. In patients with a potassium level of 2.5 milliequivalents/liter (mEq/L) or lower, symptoms such as muscle cramps or weakness, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria tend to arise. These manifestations can lead to more debilitating consequences, such as renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis or respiratory failure secondary to muscle weakness. Other symptoms such as ileus, nausea, and vomiting, as well as cardiac arrhythmia and abnormalities, are also associated. Here we would like to present a patient with a potassium level of 1.4 mEq/L secondary to furosemide who presents to the emergency department with only complaints of muscle spasms for the past few days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study examined the water resources in four sections of Chapultepec Forest (CF) to assess their current state and propose strategies for proper management. The forest is significant for Mexico City due to its historical and cultural value, ecological relevance, and contribution to the quality of life of its residents. For diagnosis, a water balance was carried out under current conditions, and water supply and demand were projected to the year 2050. The results show that there is currently a water deficit in sections 1, 2, and 3, mainly due to the demand for irrigation water. Towards 2050, and considering the trend of climatological variables, an increase in the deficit is expected for the entire CF due to increased evaporation and water demand in its various uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMO A partir da restrição orçamentária consolidada do governo é possível iluminar uma série de questões relativas à atual situação econômica do Brasil. As principais conclusões que emergem da análise são que o desequilíbrio fiscal exigirá um aumento substancial da dívida do governo em termos reais e que o impacto desse aumento nas taxas de juros pode ter consequências intertemporais explosivas e perversas. Em seguida, discutimos e descartamos a solução do “dinheiro novo (externo)” para o problema, argumentando que o Brasil não enfrenta um problema cambial, mas um problema orçamentário interno. A transferência do serviço da dívida está sendo feita, mas não pelo devedor principal, o governo. O setor privado paga a conta externa do governo e se torna o credor do governo internamente. No longo prazo, para obter equilíbrio externo e interno simultâneo, o Brasil terá de resolver o problema orçamentário interno.

RESUMO A década de 1980 foi um período de mudança no debate sobre a seguridade social no Brasil. Sendo primeiro assunto da medicina e dos atuários, desde que passou a apresentar déficits sucessivos, tem chamado a atenção dos economistas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo debater a crise do sistema previdenciário, as possíveis origens de seu déficit e alternativas de financiamento.

RESUMO Este artigo faz uma avaliação crítica de alguns aspectos do recente debate sobre a política fiscal no Brasil. Argumenta que tanto as análises ortodoxas quanto as heterodoxas do tamanho do déficit fiscal tendem a incorrer em erros conceituais ou factuais que obstruem seriamente uma compreensão adequada das questões envolvidas. A compreensão errônea de certos conceitos básicos e até mesmo a tendência a desconsiderar as informações estatísticas disponíveis mostram-se algumas das principais causas do caráter inconclusivo das discussões sobre a situação das finanças públicas no Brasil. A Seção I examina as dificuldades conceituais envolvidas na aplicação do conceito de requisitos de financiamento do setor público conforme definido no programa do FMI para o Brasil. A Seção II discute a validade das estatísticas sobre o déficit “operacional” do setor público e a hipótese de que as finanças públicas estão basicamente sob controle. A seção final resume as principais conclusões.

For decades, Egypt has been developing under the pressure of unfavorable factors that consistently complicate the work of its reproductive mechanisms, the functioning of the market and other institutions, and result in a series of economic turmoil, social tensions, and political upheavals. In certain periods, the country managed, under favorable circumstances, to mobilize its capabilities to temporarily offset and compensate for the negative influence of internal and external factors and even demonstrate signs of some macroeconomic stability. But the general trend, characteristic of and inherent in an economy developing in harsh conditions, did not give a chance to stay on a more or less constant course for a long time. At the beginning of the second decade of the new century, violent popular uprisings and demonstrations actually led the country to a serious crisis. Its echoes are still felt today, and they carry an element of extremely undesirable destabilization for the largest state in the region. Egypt has historically retained the status of a regional power, no longer the only one, but involved in almost all economic and political initiatives and processes developing in the Arab region, playing an important role in them, which, naturally, should be supported by the corresponding economic potential.

Introduction: In this prospective cohort study over 40 years we investigated the effect of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and subthreshold ADHD on cognitive performance in adulthood. Methods: The cohort comprised individuals with mild perinatal risks. Childhood ADHD group (cADHD, n = 39) was compared to a group with subthreshold childhood attention or hyperactivity symptoms (cAP; n = 79), a group with similar perinatal risks but no ADHD symptoms (n = 255), and to controls without ADHD symptoms or perinatal risks (n = 69). The groups were assessed with multiple neuropsychological measures in domains of verbal reasoning, perceptual skills, memory, working memory, attention, executive functions, and speed. Grouplevel differences and frequencies of deficient functioning were analyzed. Results: Overall, the groups' performance differed in all cognitive domains at age 40. Verbal reasoning, perceptual skills, memory, and speed had the largest effect sizes (0.51-0.62). The cADHD group's performance was lower than the other groups' on 13 out of 21 measures. The cAP group performed poorer than controls on five measures. In the cADHD group, 23% had three or more deficient cognitive domains, compared to 4-6% in the other groups. Discussion: Childhood ADHD is associated with impaired cognitive functioning in adulthood on several cognitive domains whereas childhood subthreshold ADHD is linked to fewer cognitive deficits. Task complexity was linked to poorer performance within the ADHD group. Our results add to the scarce longitudinal evidence of cognitive outcomes related to childhood ADHD and subthreshold symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a condition commonly evaluated for in the emergency department (ED). Therefore, it is important for emergency clinicians to be aware of the current evidence regarding the diagnosis and management of this disease. This paper evaluates key evidence-based updates concerning TIA for the emergency clinician. TIA is a harbinger of ischemic stroke and can result from a variety of pathologic causes. While prior definitions incorporated symptoms resolving within 24 h, modern definitions recommend a tissue-based definition utilizing advanced imaging to evaluate for neurologic injury and the etiology. In the ED, emergent evaluation includes assessing for current signs and symptoms of neurologic dysfunction, appropriate imaging to investigate for minor stroke or stroke risk, and arranging appropriate disposition and follow up to mitigate risk of subsequent ischemic stroke. Imaging should include evaluation of great vessels and intracranial arteries, as well as advanced cerebral imaging to evaluate for minor or subclinical stroke. Non-contrast computed tomography (CT) has limited utility for this situation; it can rule out hemorrhage or a large mass causing symptoms but should not be relied on for any definitive diagnosis. Noninvasive imaging of the cervical vessels can also be used (CT angiography or Doppler ultrasound). Treatment includes antithrombotic medications if there are no contraindications. Dual antiplatelet therapy may reduce the risk of recurrent ischemic events in higher risk patients, while anticoagulation is recommended in patients with a cardioembolic source. A variety of scoring systems or tools are available that seek to predict stroke risk after a TIA. The Canadian TIA risk score appears to have the best diagnostic accuracy. However, these scores should not be used in isolation. Disposition may include admission, management in an ED-based observation unit with rapid diagnostic protocol, or expedited follow-up in a specialty clinic. An understanding of literature updates concerning TIA can improve the ED care of patients with TIA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The objective of this paper is to present and document a specific case of breast reconstruction using an adapted Type IV Keystone Flap technique, with a droplet-shaped design with a reduced flap ratio, and to identify the qualities of this method. Case Report. A 41-year-old woman, with a history of myocardial infarction and low ejection fraction, underwent a lumpectomy, resulting in a lower medial quadrant deficit in her left breast. After she developed skin and tissue necrosis and infection, implementing the Type IV Keystone Flap effectively addressed the deficit, ensuring sufficient coverage. The flap extended dropwise beneath the deficit, progressing anteriorly towards the upper rectus abdominis, with a ratio of 2.5:1. The flap's novel droplet shape allowed for the utilization of fewer perforators, while ensuring adequate blood supply and tissue coverage, leading to improved perfusion and aesthetic outcome. Conclusion. The application of the adapted Type IV Keystone Flap highlights its capacity as a versatile and effective method for breast reconstruction post-lumpectomy. With the advantages of a short learning curve, easy execution, and acceptable risk profile, it offers a valuable alternative for patients who may not be suitable for more complex surgeries. Further research is recommended to confirm its broader applicability and to conduct a comparative analysis with other techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The US has reached a crisis stage regarding mounting sovereign debt, but a change of mindset and adoption of practical solutions can restore the nation to fiscal health. Unless actions are taken now to change the trajectories, deficits and debt are anticipated to enlarge over the coming decades with an aging population boosting spending, increasing debt service, and insufficient revenues. While there is no silver bullet, there are myriad policy actions that can cut deficits, lower debt to a sustainable level, reduce financial stability risks, and support US economic growth over the long run. Moreover, focusing upon lowering debt over a 20- or 30-year horizon instead of the typical 10-year CBO forecasting period can help rein in federal debt without significant damage to the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the conditions of war, there is a need to improve the system of financial and budgetary provision of social protection and to develop an appropriate strategy, which will become the basis for reforming this system. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the system of financial and budgetary support for the social protection of the population of Ukraine in conditions of war and to justify the strategic tasks of the financial and budgetary policy of the state regarding its improvement. Applied methods: scientific generalization and abstraction, complex analysis, dialectical, sampling, economic and statistical. The research is based on the hypothesis that the level of coordination of the instruments of the state's financial and budgetary policy determines the country's ability to ensure the stability of the system of financial and budgetary provision of social protection, to minimize the risks of violation of human social security. Peculiarities of social support of Ukraine from the international community in conditions of war, the analysis of the system of financial and budgetary support for the social protection of the population of Ukraine is carried out, and the directions of the financial and budgetary policy of the state regarding the development of the system of financial and budgetary support for the social protection of the population are determined. It is substantiated that the development of institutional mechanisms for the management of state resources in the context of the financial and budgetary provision of social protection will contribute to ensuring the social security of people, the use of a combinatorial toolkit of financial and budgetary provision of social protection of Ukraine in the conditions of war should correspond to the priority of increasing the level of financing of the state's defence capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La présente réflexion axée sur l’accompagnement des ménages de Kananga par Caritas Développement dans la lutte contre la pauvreté soutient que les interventions de cette structure loin d’entrainer des changements significatifs dans la vie de ces ménages, les ont maintenus dans une situation d’attentisme et de dépendance. Elle révèle que l’objectif de promouvoir leur auto-développement est en contradiction avec les résultats d’après projet. Cela n’a pas conduit à leur autopromotion et leur autodétermination. L’étude propose la mise en place des stratégies de sortie ainsi que la responsabilisation totale des bénéficiaires comme schéma qui mène vers leur auto-prise en charge

Drought is a recurring phenomenon, a natural feature of the climate, and one of the major natural hazards to which Iraq is repeatedly exposed, causing significant damage to environmental, social, and economic systems, especially agricultural areas. This study is an estimate of drought intensity and frequency in terms of annual precipitation. This study aims to assess hydrological drought (SPI 12) events within Sulaimanya province, Iraq, using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) to analyze annual precipitation data from 15 weather stations covering the period from 2003 to 2022. Determine the duration of the hydrological drought. The results showed that 53% of the studied years were classified as wet, while 47% were classified as dry based on the standard value of the rainfall index at 12 months. Stations, Sulaimanya, Chamchamal, Halabja, Kalar, and Khanaqin exhibit the most significant rainfall deficits, exceeding 25%, indicating severe drought, Conversely, stations, Darbandikhan, Dukan, Saidsadq, Qaradakh, Qaladza, Mawat, and Kfry display moderate rainfall deficits ranging from 20% to 25%, . Less than 20% rainfall deficit is seen in sites Penjwen, Chwarta, and Rania, indicating a negligible departure from the long-term average rainfall. The southern part of the study area, known as Garmian, receives less annual rainfall Compared to the northern part, the effect of drought is more pronounced in the southern part of the study area when the annual rainfall decreases. The annual rainfall deficit was assessed relative to the 20-year average rainfall for each station, The study observed changes in rainfall patterns across meteorological stations in the study area.

Purpose – After the fall of Burma on 10 March 1942 the British government extensively implemented scorched-earth policies in Bengal like denial of rice and boats. The British government had inadequate defense equipment to resist Japanese attack in Bengal. After the Japanese invasion supply of Burmese rice suddenly stopped. Faridpur district used to import rice from Burma. The Burmese conquest created an immediate and serious crisis for several rice imported districts and coastal districts of Bengal. Hence, none of the districts of East Bengal could escape its brutal clutches and severity recorded in Chittagong, Dhaka, Faridpur, Tripura, Noakhali, Bakargonj and so on. Design/methodology/approach – Among the affected districts of Bengal, Faridpur has been chosen as study area due to severity of famine. This study addresses the famine scenario of Faridpur. Data has been collected from primary and secondary sources. Content Analysis Research method is used to test reliability and validity of the data. Historical Analysis Research method has been followed in this study. Findings – Finding of the study shows that the government relief issues, ignorance of warnings, political nepotism and denial policy of British government intensified the famine of Faridpur district. The wartime tactics adopted by the colonial government aggravated the famine situation. This article has shed light on the government war time policy, activity and some impacts of British decline in Burma that fueled the famine in Faridpur district. Originality/value – This study is my original research work and has not been published else where.

With this article, we propose to analyse the way in which the implementation of the measures to reduce the budget deficit was decided in Romania. Thus, we are particularly concerned with the provisions of Law no. 296/2023 on some fiscal-budgetary measures to ensure Romania's long-term financial sustainability, a normative act that at first glance positions itself correctly towards its recipients, but on closer reading, has the potential to generate negative effects, at least with regard to economic operators with state capital that can be considered profitable. We will analyse, for example, the bans imposed, in relation to their generality, without taking into account the long-term effects, and here we have in mind the fluctuation and ageing of staff, but also the lack of any means of encouraging production. However, as long as employees are aware that the company has made a profit, if it is not reflected at the salary level (bonuses, meal vouchers), even though this has happened in previous years, they will become dissatisfied, with the direct consequence being a drop in productivity and, implicitly, in the current year's profit. That is why, having analysed the above-mentioned normative act, we have come to the conclusion that it needs to be amended, at least with regard to some measures, especially those related to the granting of bonuses at salary level. We admit that measures to reduce the budget deficit are necessary, but this cannot be achieved by imposing bans that apply to different categories of recipients, without taking into account possible, well-justified exceptions. If the legislation does not change, surely memoranda will be formulated regarding the exemption of the economic operators concerned from the total/partial application, as the case may be, of the provisions of Law no. 296/2023.

Managing budget flows under martial law is important to ensure the security and financial stability of the state, helping to mobilize the necessary resources and concentrate them on financing key needs. This paper aims to identify and outline possible measures to balance the movement of budget flows in order to harmonize them with the goals of state policy in the field of national security. The movement of budget flows of income and expenses was assessed, and trends and changes were identified using economic and statistical methods. The assessment results confirmed the need for reasonable planning of budget flows in the context of the impact of unforeseen military events on the process of budget execution in terms of revenues and expenditures, which leads to failure to meet expenditure indicators, causes a lack of financial resources and an increase in the budget deficit. One of these measures is the improvement of budget planning, which is based on the analysis, detection, and assessment of the probability of occurrence and countering the risks related to the state’s financial system. Correlation-regression analysis confirmed the growing dependence of revenues on official transfers from the EU, foreign governments, international organizations, donor institutions, and government bodies. The results obtained are basic for developing measures to balance incoming and outgoing budget flows under martial law. They provide for the obligation to create a financial support system (including international financial aid) while strengthening state financial control measures for the timely, targeted, effective direction of budget flows, including for the security and defense of the state.

Vitamin D, an essential nutrient, plays a crucial role in numerous biological functions, acting as a hormone and being important for the proper functioning of the immune system. This review illustrates the interactions between adequate vitamin D levels and an appropriate immune response, highlighting the implications for Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), a chronic inflammation of the thyroid characterized by the production of autoantibodies. A comprehensive review of the existing literature shows that vitamin D inhibits the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to an improvement in the clinical picture in HT by switching from a pro-inflammatory to immune balance. Vitamin D supplementation has been shown to reduce elevated serum levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies, a key marker of HT. Although the results are conflicting, the evidence suggests that an adequate vitamin D intake supports the immune function and counteracts autoimmune conditions such as HT by improving their symptoms. There is evidence of vitamin D's key role in supporting the immune system function and managing autoimmunity, such as in HT. An adequate vitamin D intake is crucial for improving the clinical picture and the symptoms of HT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This heuristic study explores the client's experience of seeking to repair early relational deficits through their sexual practices, preferences, desires and relationships. Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the hypothesis that a client's sexual practices, preferences, desires, relationships and needs can offer a direct opportunity to understand their early relational deficits. Methodology: This study uses heuristic enquiry, seeking to capture the essence of participants' experiences. In‐person, semistructured interviews were conducted with four participants, and transcripts were analysed according to Moustakis' heuristic method. Findings: The four research participants did seek repair in ways that aligned with the literature in terms of seeking a lost unity, searching for intimacy, to repair damage and resolve splits through the powerful contact of sex. The study demonstrates the irresistible power of the unconscious desire to address unmet needs and the destructive nature of the urgent search for intimacy—and suggests that although a repair through the erotic is sought, it is rarely found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research suggests that girls frequently experience a sense of devaluation in their everyday lives at school. Narrow models of learning and teaching further limit the scope of what can be valued. In contrast, Girl-Kind, a school-based program, aims not to address an assumed deficit but to allow girls to be recognized as excellent learners and experts in their own lives. We conceptualize the program as creating valuing spaces in which value is created through action and not simply imported from the wider context. Here, we situate Girl-Kind in the research on girls in schools, detail how this space is created, and argue that the program acts as a counterpoint to the devaluation girls frequently experience. Finally, we outline the tensions of delivering such a program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to explore the fiscal and public finance viability on climate physical risk externalities cost for building social-economic-environmental sustainability. It analyzes climate physical risk impact on the real business cycle to change the macroeconomic output functions, its regressive cyclic impact alters tax revenue income and public expenditure function; This research also analyzes that the climate physical risk escalates social-economic inequality and change fiscal-financial policy functions, illustrates how the climate damage cost and adaptation cost distorts fiscal-finance cyclical and structural equilibrium function. This research uses binary and multinomial logistic regression analysis, dynamic stochastic general equilibrium method (DSGE) and Bayesian estimation model. Based on the climate disaster compensation scenarios, damage cost and adaptation cost, analyzing the increased public expenditure and reduced revenue income, demonstrates how climate physical risk externalities generate binary regression to financial fiscal equilibrium, trigger structural and cyclical public budgetary deficit and fiscal cliff. This research explores counterfactual balancing measures to compensate the fiscal deficit from climate physical risk: effectively allocating resources and conducting the financial fiscal intervention, building greening fiscal financial system for creating climate fiscal space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E and K, are molecules with no energy value that are essential for the body to function and for life. Their intake is almost exclusively exogenous, i.e. dietary. As a result, deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins are rarer in industrialised countries than in countries with limited resources. However, even in the latter, certain groups of individuals are affected, such as newborns or growing children, pregnant or breast-feeding women and elderly or isolated subjects. Vitamin A, D, E and K deficiencies are also relatively common in people with digestive tract disorders, in patients suffering from chronic pathologies or in intensive care patients. Deficiencies or excesses of fat-soluble vitamins are responsible for a variety of more or less specific clinical symptoms. Treatment of deficiencies requires vitamin supplementation, a well-balanced diet and treatment of the cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E and K, are molecules with no energy value that are essential to the body's functioning and to life. Their intake is almost exclusively exogenous, i.e. dietary. Deficiency or excess of fat-soluble vitamins is responsible for a variety of more or less specific clinical symptoms. The fact that the functions performed by these vitamins are both ubiquitous and vital explains the wide variety of clinical manifestations and their potential seriousness. Some syndromes are typical of a deficiency in fat-soluble vitamins, such as: the combination of ophthalmological and immunity impairment in the case of vitamin A; a haemorrhagic syndrome and osteopenia in the case of vitamin E; and osteomalacia, muscular weakness, even falls, and rickets in the case of vitamin D. Diagnosis of a deficiency in one of the fat-soluble vitamins is based on blood tests, which are not always essential for routine use. In this case, a therapeutic test may be suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

U.S. schools teach predominantly to the analytical, left brain, which has foundations in behaviorism. Since the mid-1900s, education in the U.S. uses a mechanistic paradigm that influences teaching. The result is that learning is impeded. Using discourse analysis of a historical set of Piagetian children, this study re-analyzed Piaget's work. It found that, although the participating children answered from both an intuitive and an analytical perspective, Piaget's analysis of the interviews ignored the value in the intuitive, right-brain answers; Piaget essentially stated that the children were only doing valuable thinking when they were analytical and logical. Using other comparable re-analyses as the yardstick, this study extended Piaget's original interpretations. Implications for teaching and learning are also described. Since education in the U.S. has not challenged Piaget's omissions, but rather, has followed earlier behaviorist recommendations, this study is a call for research into a pedagogical balance between analytic and intuitive teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concentration of nitrogen in plants is usually determined through chemical analysis, although there are alternatives such as the measurement of chlorophyll as an indirect estimate of the nitrogen content. Currently, the reflectance, transmittance and fluorescence methods in specific regions of the spectrum are used to diagnose the nutritional status of plants in nitrogen. The objective has been to evaluate the use of sensors based on the principles of fluorescence and transmittance in the same test plots. The tests were carried out at the Valdegón Farm, at the Agro-food Technological Research and Development Center of the Government of La Rioja, at Agoncillo (La Rioja), Spain, in the years 2012, 2013 and 2014. Periodic sampling of nitrogen in soil, plant biomass and sheet measurements with Multiplex® were carried out. For the NBI index of the Multiplex high correlations have been found with the nitrogen content of the plant, which has served, depending on the phenological state of the crop, to adjust some functions that relate the measurements made with the biomass of the crop in the case of the NBI index. In the critical curves obtained for the sensors, it is observed that from a biomass of approximately 1 Mg/ha (50% of covered ground) the measurement stabilizes and it is from this moment when deficit treatments start to be distinguished from the non-deficit ones. Therefore, these models could be used to determine a nitrogen-based nutritional deficit and be able to correct it by fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concentration of nitrogen in plants is usually determined through chemical analysis, although there are alternatives such as the measurement of chlorophyll as an indirect estimate of the nitrogen content. Currently, the reflectance, transmittance and fluorescence methods in specific regions of the spectrum are used to diagnose the nutritional status of plants in nitrogen. The objective has been to evaluate the use of sensors based on the principles of fluorescence and transmittance in the same test plots. The tests were carried out at the Valdegón Farm, at the Agro-food Technological Research and Development Center of the Government of La Rioja, at Agoncillo (La Rioja), Spain, in the years 2012, 2013 and 2014. Periodic sampling of nitrogen in soil, plant biomass and sheet measurements with Multiplex® were carried out. For the NBI index of the Multiplex high correlations have been found with the nitrogen content of the plant, which has served, depending on the phenological state of the crop, to adjust some functions that relate the measurements made with the biomass of the crop in the case of the NBI index. In the critical curves obtained for the sensors, it is observed that from a biomass of approximately 1 Mg/ha (50% of covered ground) the measurement stabilizes and it is from this moment when deficit treatments start to be distinguished from the non-deficit ones. Therefore, these models could be used to determine a nitrogen-based nutritional deficit and be able to correct it by fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionIn this prospective cohort study over 40 years we investigated the effect of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and subthreshold ADHD on cognitive performance in adulthood.MethodsThe cohort comprised individuals with mild perinatal risks. Childhood ADHD group (cADHD, n = 39) was compared to a group with subthreshold childhood attention or hyperactivity symptoms (cAP; n = 79), a group with similar perinatal risks but no ADHD symptoms (n = 255), and to controls without ADHD symptoms or perinatal risks (n = 69). The groups were assessed with multiple neuropsychological measures in domains of verbal reasoning, perceptual skills, memory, working memory, attention, executive functions, and speed. Group-level differences and frequencies of deficient functioning were analyzed.ResultsOverall, the groups’ performance differed in all cognitive domains at age 40. Verbal reasoning, perceptual skills, memory, and speed had the largest effect sizes (0.51–0.62). The cADHD group’s performance was lower than the other groups’ on 13 out of 21 measures. The cAP group performed poorer than controls on five measures. In the cADHD group, 23% had three or more deficient cognitive domains, compared to 4–6% in the other groups.DiscussionChildhood ADHD is associated with impaired cognitive functioning in adulthood on several cognitive domains whereas childhood subthreshold ADHD is linked to fewer cognitive deficits. Task complexity was linked to poorer performance within the ADHD group. Our results add to the scarce longitudinal evidence of cognitive outcomes related to childhood ADHD and subthreshold symptoms.

Abstract Background In polypectomy with mechanical hysteroscopic morcellators, the tissue removal procedure continues until no polyp tissue remains. The decision that the polypoid tissues were removed completely is made based on visual evaluation. In a situation where the polyp tissue was visually completely removed and no doubt that the polyp has been completely removed, short spindle-like tissue fragments on the polyp floor continue in most patients. There are no studies in the literature on whether visual evaluation provides adequate information at the cellular level in many patients in whom polypoid tissues have been determined to be completely removed. The aim of the present study was to analyze the pathological results of the curettage procedure, which was applied following the completion of polyp removal with operative hysteroscopy, and to evaluate whether there was residual polyp tissue in the short spindle-like tissue fragments that the mechanical hysteroscopic morcellator could not remove. The secondary aims of this study were to compare conventional loop resection hysteroscopy with hysteroscopic morcellation for the removal of endometrial polyps in terms of hemoglobin/hematocrit changes, polypectomy time and the amount of medium deficit. Methods A total of 70 patients with a single pedunculate polypoid image of 1.5-2 cm, which was primarily visualized by office hysteroscopy, were included in the study. Patients who had undergone hysteroscopic polypectomy were divided into two groups according to the surgical device used: the morcellator group (n = 35, Group M) and the resectoscope group (n = 35, Group R). The histopathological results of hysteroscopic specimens and curettage materials of patients who had undergone curettage at the end of operative hysteroscopy were evaluated. In addition, the postoperative 24th hour Hb/HCT decrease amounts in percentage, the polypectomy time which was measured from the start of morcellation, and deficit differences were compared between groups. Results In total, 7 patients in the morcellator group had residual polyp tissue detected in the full curettage material. The blood loss was lower in the morcellator group than in the resectoscope group (M, R; (-0.07 ± 0.08), (-0,11 ± 0.06), (p

RESUMO Tão desafiador quanto lidar com o déficit público é calculá-lo. Este artigo trata da medição da poupança do governo e das necessidades de financiamento do setor público e compara as estatísticas do Brasil, Argentina e México.

RESUMO Este artigo analisa a evolução do déficit do setor público brasileiro e de suas fontes de financiamento de 1983 a ·1988. Mostra-se que os crescentes problemas financeiros do governo decorrem, em certa medida, da forte redução do superávit primário a partir de 1985. Mas isso foi parcialmente compensado por uma carga de juros substancialmente menor. Com isso, não houve aumento explosivo do déficit operacional até 1988. As crescentes dificuldades financeiras do setor público resultaram basicamente de um importante estreitamento da oferta de crédito, processo iniciado com a crise da dívida externa e que foi reforçado pelos efeitos da aceleração da inflação combinados com o aumento das dúvidas sobre a credibilidade do governo.

L'article vise à soutenir une conception métapsychologique permettant de critiquer le modèle déficitaire de la psychose en psychiatrie. Cette critique visant l'héritage de la pensée kraepelinienne et passant par la discussion des apports d'E. Bleuler et H. Ey s'articule autour de la distinction entre les notions de « déficit » et de « défaut ». À partir d'un cas issu de sa clinique au sein d'une unité d'accueil familial thérapeutique pour adultes psychotiques, l'auteure revient à la théorie des psychoses dissociatives à partir du « travailler » et du « travail vivant » de ceux qui prennent soin de ces malades. En mobilisant la théorie laplanchienne de la genèse de la pensée et la topique du clivage de Christophe Dejours, l'auteure soutient l'idée que ce qui caractérise la psychose dissociative n'est pas le déficit mais l'inhibition. Cette inhibition touche les fonctions affectives et perceptives du corps. Elle représente une modalité défensive ne découlant pas d'un traumatisme mais d'un défaut de construction du corps érotique entraînant une économie pulsionnelle singulière appelée disruptive. Ce défaut de construction n'est pas irréversible mais le traitement thérapeutique de ces patients nécessite–condition sine qua non –la mobilisation du corps érotique des soignants pour la mise au travail de soi sur soi du patient. The article proposes a metapsychological conception allowing us to criticize the deficit model of psychosis in psychiatry. This criticism of the Kraepelinian heritage, through the discussion of the contributions of E. Bleuler and H. Ey, revolves around the distinction between the notions of "deficit" and "default." From a case extracted from her clinical experience in a therapeutic foster care unit for psychotic adults, the author returns to the theory of dissociative psychosis from the "work" and "living work" of those who care for these patients. By mobilizing the Laplanchian theory of the genesis of thought and Christophe Dejours's topography of splitting, the author maintains that what characterizes dissociative psychosis is not deficit but inhibition. This inhibition affects the emotional and perceptual functions of the body. It represents a defensive modality not resulting from a trauma but from a defect in the construction of the erotic body leading to a singular instinctual economy, labeled disruptive. This construction defect is not irreversible, but the therapeutic treatment of these patients requires–a sine qua non condition–the mobilization of the erotic body of the caregivers, in order for the patient to begin their own self-work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers of English as an Additional Language learners in high schools have long navigated the seemingly intransigent deficit thinking about their learners' capacity to engage fully with the intended or required curriculum. These learners are frequently constructed as the problem, as if the curriculum exists in a vacuum. This gives rise to the need to explore how deficit thinking about students, as core actors in the web of curriculum relations, may be challenged through the curriculum work of specialist English language teachers. In this paper, I use critical discourse analysis to explore how the pervasive deficit discourse can be differently construed through language use in two dimensions: power (social hierarchy or low‐high) and solidarity (social distance, close‐far). Three teachers were interviewed, and their lessons were observed to explore how social relations with diverse learners are rendered in the teachers' language. Findings show that by adopting a more nuanced stance towards their learners, many of whom are refugee‐background and have interrupted schooling, the teachers speak back to deficit views, offering alternative ways of positioning diverse learners in relation to required curriculum. Images of curriculum as transmission are disrupted, presenting it rather as complex entanglement with social relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiscal preferences of populist radical right parties (PRRPs) typically entail a combination of lower tax rates and the maintenance of costly social spending categories, such as pension spending. Theoretically, this combination is doomed to inflate future public liabilities. In our mixed method study, we assess whether PRRPs in government indeed systematically cause higher deficits and to what extent the combination of tax and social policy explains their public finance. We theoretically discuss the evolution of tax policy and welfare preferences of PRRPs and contend that radical right fiscal preferences are driven by PRRPs’ ideological core claim of ‘native producerist deservingness’. Based on mixed effects models with entropy balanced weights, we show that PRRPs in government have significantly and substantially higher public deficits than governments without PRRPs and similar socio-economic starting conditions. This effect, however, is different in Eastern Europe, where PRRPs in government produce comparatively lower deficits, albeit signalling and implementing the same policy-mix as Western PRRPs. We trace the causes of the differences in outcome with an in-depth case study of the Fidesz government in Hungary from 2010 to 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lijecnicki Vjesnik is the property of Croatian Medical Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Life & School: a Magazine for the Theory and Practice of Education / Život i škola : časopis za teoriju i praksu odgoja i obrazovanja is the property of Zivot i Skola and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the article, the definition of the essence of the concept “budget deficit management” is studied. The analysis of changes in the volume and structure of the state budget deficit of Ukraine for the period of 2019-2023 is carried out. It is found that the main reason for the growth of the budget deficit is the increase in military spending. The study of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) found that the share of military spending in 2023 was 34% of GDP, ranking Ukraine eighth in the world. Based on this it was concluded by the author that there is a need to improve the mechanism of management of the state budget deficit, which, in the context of martial law, should take into account economic, political, environmental and public interests in the budgetary sphere. The structure of this mechanism is built, which includes principles, tools, levers, patterns, methods and approaches. Each of the following components is described. It is noted that in the context of war and post-war economic recovery, there is a close relationship between the mechanism of the budget mechanism management and the mechanism of repatriation of Russian assets and reintegration of force migrants to Ukraine. The functioning of these mechanisms is a new phenomenon not only for Ukraine, but also for partner countries, and therefore these processes require diplomatic, legal efforts and economic justification for their practical implementation, conclusion of the bilateral and multilateral agreement between Ukraine and partner countries. The effectiveness of the mechanism for management the state budget deficit can be improved by introducing significant and timely changes, taking into account the cause and effect of the relationship between budget deficit and the size of public debt, living standards, the pace of economic recovery, demographics, and the possible acceleration of the cooperation with allied countries in providing financial assistance and repatriating frozen Russian assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preserving the fiscal and financial stability of countries, and supporting economic recovery in order to create conditions for the sustainable growth of a socially inclusive economy is a strategic task of state institutions under martial law. Despite the unpredictability that Ukraine faces in war conditions, it is important to develop a constructive financial instrument for the recovery of the country's economy now. The research is based on the hypothesis that defining the conceptual foundations of financial support for the recovery of the Ukrainian economy, raising the quality level of the financial risk management mechanism, and minimizing their consequences, will help ensure macrofinancial stability. General scientific and special methods are used, namely: dialectical, complex analysis, scientific generalization, selective, scientific abstraction, economic and statistical. Provisions regarding international financial instruments for the economic recovery of Ukraine's economy have been disclosed. A study of the main problems in the financial sphere, which must be solved in the context of the recovery of Ukraine, was carried out. The peculiarities of the implementation of the state programs "Affordable loans 5-7-9%" and "Affordable financial leasing 5-7-9%" are revealed, which play an important role in supporting entrepreneurial activity and ensuring the country's economic security as a necessary prerequisite for ensuring financial stability and recovery countries. It is substantiated that the formation of holistic approaches to the financial support of the restoration of Ukraine, the determination of measures and criteria for the implementation of the state's financial policy will contribute to the solution of the systemic problems facing the state at this stage. Important tasks are: ensuring fiscal and financial stability; neutralization of the influence of negative factors on the financial system; prevention of hidden capital outflow; effective attraction and use of state loans; prevention of legalization of illegally obtained income; ensuring rational distribution and effective use of state financial resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to assess the systematic implementation of fiscal rules in Ukraine and to provide recommendations for their adjustment. It is proved that the introduction of fiscal rules should be carried out in a comprehensive manner: both quantitative restrictions and security measures of an individual and general nature should be regulated by law. Ukraine has introduced two fiscal rules at the legislative level - debt and budget balancing - and formally prescribed all the security conditions recommended by international experience. The peculiarities of the application of fiscal rules in Ukraine include: vagueness and insufficient detail of the safeguard conditions in the budget legislation; lack of regulation of the activities of an independent body responsible for monitoring compliance with fiscal rules (fiscal council); and insufficient coverage of information related to fiscal rules and lack of systematic publication. Recommendations for improving the fiscal rules in Ukraine include the following: a more detailed description of the mechanism of correction in case of exceeding the budgetary indicators of the established limits; specifying the requirements for activating the procedure for derogation from quantitative restrictions to prevent possible abuse; increasing the level of transparency of information on the application of fiscal rules. Regarding the requirement to establish a fiscal council: there are two possible ways for Ukraine to implement this recommendation: the first is to assign the functions of monitoring the implementation of all fiscal rules to the Accounting Chamber of Ukraine, which has the necessary level of independence and partially performs this function; the second is to take into account the difference in the role of the state auditor and the fiscal council, which should primarily contribute to the formation of fiscal policy, another option is to introduce either a new authority or a separate institution with guarantees of operational independence.

This paper provides a first assessment of the fiscal and distributional consequences of the ongoing structural changes in the labour markets of EU member states, mostly driven by technological progress and ageing. The Cedefop 2020 Skills forecast (including the effects of COVID-19), population projections and the forecast on pension expenditures depict a scenario of an ageing population, an inverted U-shaped unemployment trend and potentially polarising labour markets in the EU till 2030, the latter mostly driven by a surge in high-skill occupations. We make use of the microsimulation model EUROMOD and reweighting techniques to analyse the fiscal and distributional impacts of these trends under a no-policy-change assumption. The results suggest that the macro trends will increase pressure on government budgets, however, we also show that the current tax-benefit systems have the capacity to counterbalance the increases in income inequality and poverty risks triggered by the expected future labour markets developments.

RESUMO O conceito de déficit operacional é considerado por muitos economistas como o conceito relevante de déficit público. Argumenta-se neste artigo que o conceito é falho e que sua metodologia atual de estimativa é inadequada. Em 1990, por exemplo, o governo deduziu uma inflação de 1355% do déficit nominal (PSBN), mas contabilizou apenas uma despesa de 837% como correção monetária no lado da despesa, para chegar a uma estimativa de um “superávit” operacional de 1,2% sobre o PIB. Argumenta-se que esse número é ilusório e que uma alternativa melhor desperta um conceito ex ante de déficit para decisões políticas.

Since the end of the zero years in Germany, the shortage of skilled labor has been increasing. Its lack reduces the competitiveness of the German socio-economic space. One of the ways to solve the problem, the state considers the attraction of workers from abroad. Attempts by four governments under the leadership of A. Merkel to change the situation on the labor market in this way, including the adoption of the relevant relevant law, were unsuccessful. The new Cabinet of Ministers has prepared A new concept, on the basis of which comprehensive changes to the legislation on the immigration of qualified specialists have been developed. The author analyzes the causes of the labor shortage, migration dynamics over the past decade, the country structure of foreign workers in the German labor market. He pays special attention to the study of the current state of vacancies and the professional structure of the unemployed corresponding to them; In this context, examines the amendments to the above-mentioned immigration law adopted in June 2023 and assesses the prospects for its implementation, as well as the national economic risks associated with it.