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This research uses a crowdfunding context to examine when and why a simple difference in frame—using "want" versus "need" in the request—affects funders' compliance with an appeal for contributions. Building on the semantic framing and psycholinguistics literature, we propose that using "want" (vs. "need") signals that the fundraiser is a relatively less (vs. more) dependent person. This perception difference then exerts opposing effects on the two major forms of crowdfunding appeals. For reward-based appeals, in which fundraisers promise a return on contribution, funders have a for-profit (i.e. incentive-seeking) goal and are more willing to contribute to a less dependent fundraiser. In contrast, for donation-based appeals, in which no incentives are promised by the fundraisers, funders are primarily motivated by a nonprofit (i.e. helping) goal and are more willing to contribute to a fundraiser who is seen as more dependent on help. Therefore, we predict that a "want" (vs. "need") frame is more effective in reward-based (vs. donation-based) crowdfunding. Results from two large-scale observational studies and four experiments support our predictions and also illuminate the underlying mechanisms. Collectively, the findings contribute to the literature on semantic framing and crowdfunding and also offer practical implications for fundraisers, marketers, and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scheduling of resources in cloud environments requires design of multiple pattern analysis models that include but are not limited to, inter‐task dependency pattern analysis, make‐span pattern analysis, virtual machine (VM or resource) based capacity analysis, deadline analysis, and VM‐to‐task compatibility analysis. Existing scheduling models are either highly complex, or do not integrate comprehensive analysis modules for efficient scheduling of resources to tasks. Moreover, some of these models showcase limited scalability when applied to large‐scale deployment scenarios. To overcome these issues, this text proposes design of a multimodal bioinspired model to improve resource‐scheduling efficiency with differential task‐level constraints. The proposed model initially collects multimodal information sets about tasks and underlying resources in order to augment analysis efficiency for different task types. These information sets are initially processed by a Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO)‐based scheduling model that assists in grouping tasks based on their make‐span, deadline and dependency levels. The grouped tasks are then scheduled via an incremental learning Elephant Herding Optimization (EHO) model that assists in assigning grouped tasks to capacity‐tuned resources (or VMs). Due to integration of these optimization methods, the proposed model is capable of improving the efficiency of resource scheduling by 8.5%, while reducing computational complexity by 4.3%, while improving the deadline hit ratio by 5.9%, and lowering energy consumption by 1.5% when compared with standard machine learning based scheduling techniques. Due to which the proposed model is capable of deployment for a wide variety of real‐time scheduling scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cognitive impairment and dementia are part of a continuum that progressively leads to functional impairment and dependency. Dementia is a paradigmatic example of chronic and complex psychogeriatric diseases, requiring a comprehensive assessment. The authors underline the importance of implementing a formal assessment of needs (whether met or unmet) as an essential element of comprehensive assessment. The aim of this paper is to empirically validate this model of approach towards dementia, the needs assessment, demonstrating the relationship between needs and functionality/dependency in people with cognitive impairment/dementia in the community. Material and methods: Community-based, cross-sectional, descriptive epidemiological study based on the reanalysis of data from a two-phase community epidemiological study conducted in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, of 800 people over 65 years of age. The present study reanalyzes a subsample of 368 people, including those with dementia/cognitive impairment. The comprehensive assessment of the sample included sociodemographic variables, the presence of chronic diseases, health self-perception, assessment of affective, cognitive and functional state, as well as the needs assessment. The main instruments used were the MMSE, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the Barthel and Katz Indices, the Lawton Scale, and, for the needs assessment, the Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly (CANE). For the clinical diagnosis of dementia, the ICD-10 criteria were followed. Statistical analysis: A study of the association between variables was carried out through hypothesis testing and a multivariate study was performed using regression models to analyze the relationship between the different variables defining disability/dependency, other health conditions and sociodemographic variables and the MMSE score as an expression of the cognitive impairment/dementia continuum. Results: People with cognitive impairment/dementia had a higher number of needs compared to the healthy population. The severity of cognitive impairment is a significant predictor of dependency in Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) and is also a predictor of a greater number of needs (both met and unmet). Discussion: The present study provides empirical evidence of the importance of implementing scales to assess the needs of people with cognitive impairment, as part of the process of comprehensive biopsychosocial assessment and person-centered care for dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An increase in total demand over the natural supply causes inflation in Egypt. Currently, the government is not intervening to reduce prices, unlike Saudi Arabia, which does interfere. The government's direct aim is to limit the price rise, known as suppressed inflation. This study discusses the relationship between the inflation indicator and various dimensions of economic development (such as production, agriculture, industry, dependency, health, and education) in Egypt and Saudi Arabia from 1990 to 2022. The study found that inflation in Egypt was at a high rate during the study period, with an average of 9.9 %. This high average negatively affects four dimensions of development in Egypt: agriculture, dependency, health, and education. It positively impacts industry and production, but the positive impact is minimal compared to the adverse effects. The negative impact is powerful on the dimensions of education and health, which are related to the human element and have a primary influence on all other dimensions of economic development. This indicates the failure of the policy to combat inflation in Egypt and reduce its adverse effects on economic development dimensions. On the other hand, Saudi Arabia had a lower average inflation rate of 1.9 % during the study period, which negatively affected the health dimension of economic development but positively affected the dimensions of education and industry. The dependency dimension, measured by the external debt growth rate index, was excluded since there were no external debts with recursion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To our knowledge, there have been no comparative studies evaluating the associations of frailty defined using the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), frailty phenotype by Fried et al, and FRAIL scale with all-cause mortality in Turkiye. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the ability of these instruments in predicting all-cause mortality in outpatients admitted to the outpatient geriatrics clinic of a university hospital. Patients and Methods: This historical prospective study was performed in the geriatrics outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Istanbul, Turkiye. Consecutive older adults (aged ≥ 70 years) who provided written informed consent were enrolled in the study. The survival status of participants was checked electronically using the official death registry system. Univariate analyses and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the independent predictors of mortality. Results: A total of 198 participants with a median age of 77 years were enrolled. During the median follow-up period of 2236 days, 54 (27.3%) patients died. In univariate analyses, male sex, history of falls in the previous year, dependency in instrumental activities of daily living, malnutrition, and frailty with respect to the phenotype by Fried et al, FRAIL scale, and TFI were associated with mortality. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, frailty according to each of the three frailty instruments, male sex, older age, history of falls, and malnutrition or malnutrition risk were independently associated with mortality. The Fried scale was the best frailty tool among the three frailty instruments used to predict all-cause mortality. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that frailty, determined using each of the three instruments used in the present study, is independently associated with all-cause mortality in patients admitted to the outpatient geriatrics clinic of a university hospital in Turkiye. The Fried scale appears to be the best for predicting all-cause mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Professional Business Review (JPBReview) is the property of Open Access Publications LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, particularly generative AI, has positively impacted education by enhancing mathematics instruction with personalized learning experiences and improved data analysis. Nonetheless, variations in AI literacy, trust in AI, and dependency on these technologies among mathematics teachers can significantly influence their development of 21st-century skills such as self-confidence, problem-solving, critical thinking, creative thinking, and collaboration. This study aims to identify distinct profiles of AI literacy, trust, and dependency among mathematics teachers and examines how these profiles correlate with variations in the aforementioned skills. Using a cross-sectional research design, the study collected data from 489 mathematics teachers in China. A robust three-step latent profile analysis method was utilized to analyze the data. The research revealed five distinct profiles of AI literacy and trust among the teachers: (1) Basic AI Engagement; (2) Developing AI Literacy, Skeptical of AI; (3) Balanced AI Competence; (4) Advanced AI Integration; and (5) AI Expertise and Confidence. The study found that an increase in AI literacy and trust directly correlates with an increase in AI dependency and a decrease in skills such as self-confidence, problem-solving, critical thinking, creative thinking, and collaboration. The findings underscore the need for careful integration of AI technologies in educational settings. Excessive reliance on AI can lead to detrimental dependencies, which may hinder the development of essential 21st-century skills. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the impact of AI literacy and trust on the professional development of mathematics teachers. It also offers practical implications for educational policymakers and institutions to consider balanced approaches to AI integration, ensuring that AI enhances rather than replaces the critical thinking and problem-solving capacities of educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese has the basic word order of Subject-Verb-Object (SVO), yet it is also known as a topic-prominent language, where an object can be topicalized from within a relative clause as well as from a main clause. In parsing Topic-Subject-Verb (TSV) structures, will a Chinese comprehender have difficulties in recognizing the second noun phrase (NP2) as the subject and in integrating the initial topic noun with the verb? Experience/surprisal-based theories and memory-based theories make testable predications at the NP2 and critically, at the verb. Focusing on these two regions in three self-paced reading experiments, we compared reading time patterns between TSVs and canonical SVOs in simple or complex sentences. Converging evidence showed processing costs at or prior to the NP2 in TSVs compared to SVOs, but no retrieval or integration costs at the verb regardless of dependency lengths. Our results are not predicted by memory-based theories, but are consistent with the predictions of experience/surprisal-based theories, suggesting that Chinese TSV processing is guided by structural frequencies and a universal subject-reading bias, with completion of dependency between topic and the verb (or empty category) likely to be fundamentally semantic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of public and private debt has become one of the central themes in global economics and finance, especially in the context of the recent economic crisis and the expansion of financial markets. This paper brings together the findings of cerebral studies that explore the combined impact of public and private debt on economic growth with the focus on their interdependence as well as the implications for macroeconomic policies. Paper highlights how these types of debt influence each other and contribute to the financial stability or instability of both developed and emerging economies. Over the past decades, debt accumulation has become a key driver for economic development supporting investment in infrastructure and innovation. However these benefits come with significant risk, particularly when the level of indebtedness exceeds certain critical thresholds. Public debt is generally used to finance long-term projects and stimulate the economy during recessions, and private debt which contributes to consumption and private sector development are not easily isolated from one another. These two forms of debt interact in ways that can generate both positive synergies and amplify the negative effects. This paper brings together the conclusions of several studies that explore the combined impact of public and private debt on economic growth focusing on their interdependence and the implications for macroeconomic policies. Throughout the analysis of various perspectives ranging from critical debt thresholds to spillover effects between regions, the paper aims to provide the number of how that can become a systemic risk factor. Moreover, it explores the relationship between sovereign debt and the financial sector which can amplify vulnerabilities during crisis periods and presents the policies needed to manage these risks.

The increasing incidence of opioid use disorder (OUD) among pregnant women in the United States constitutes a significant public health concern, jeopardizing both maternal and fetal health. Proposed solutions include opioid maintenance therapy, telemedicine, and integrated prenatal care centers. These strategies seek to mitigate harm and enhance therapeutic accessibility, yet encounter obstacles, including stigma, technological access, and ethical problems. While opioid maintenance therapy stabilizes addiction, telemedicine expands access, and integrated centers streamline care, each strategy requires policy support, community acceptance, and further evaluation to optimize outcomes for pregnant women with OUD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to analyze the dependence of the IDR-USD exchange rate on the volume of mining exports in Indonesia using the copula approach. This dependence is important to understand considering that the exchange rate and mineral exports have a direct impact on the country's economy which depends on foreign exchange from this sector. Mineral exports are one of the country's main sources of foreign exchange, while the exchange rate influences the competitiveness of exports on the international market. The mining products taken are iron and steel, copper and nickel, which are Indonesia's leading commodities. The copula method was chosen because of its ability to capture and model non-linear dependencies between variables, without considering the distribution of each variable. Copula makes it possible to model the marginal distribution of exchange rates and export volumes separately from their dependency structures, which is in line with the complex and dynamic nature of the Indonesian mining sector economy. The results show that there is no significant dependence between the exchange rate and the volume of commodity exports taken. Therefore, this commodity export volume policy will not have a significant effect on fluctuations in the IDR-USD exchange rate and vice versa. This article can be a recommendation for exporters to understand that export volumes do not need to pay attention to exchange rate fluctuations.

The problem of forest fires is one that, with each passing year, gets more difficult to mitigate. A significant number of people will be affected by this case, particularly in terms of their health. The need for targeted initiatives must be balanced. Look at the forecasts for the number of forest fires expected to occur in the following period. Cases of forest fires reported to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry are categorized into three distinct categories: high, medium, and low. In addition to future estimates, it is reasonable to anticipate that classifications will also affect one another. The vector autoregressive (VAR) model is a statistical tool that may produce future projections based on three categories of forest fires in a specific period. This information can be utilized to make predictions. The aim of the study was to model 3 classifications of forest fire cases using the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model. The data utilized is a summary of the number of forest fire cases in Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan, categorized as low, medium, and high, from January 2013 to March 2024. During this study, the VAR modelling process was broken down into three primary stages: order identification (the findings that were achieved were VAR(4)), parameter estimation, and diagnostic testing (VAR(4) was declared to fulfil the requirements for the diagnostic test). It is possible to generate a predicted value for the subsequent three times based on these stages, which may be considered when calculating the proper amount of effort to put forward. The accuracy of forest fire case modeling utilizing the VAR(4) model is 70.23%. Moreover, the predictive outcomes for each categorization indicate a rise in medium and low-level forest fires compared to previous data, although the contrary is observed for high-level forest fire incidents.

Abstract Improper use of social media during the COVID-19 outbreak, leading to fear and misunderstanding, can contribute to psychological disorders in vulnerable populations. This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 on 511 medical students of Babol University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using demographic, psychological distress, fear and misunderstanding questionnaires related to COVID-19 and social media dependency. A total of 511 medical students, with an average age of Mean and S.D; 23.57 ± 3.03 participated in the study. The average psychological distress score was 23.82 ± 7.73 (out of 54), the average score of social media dependency was 17.53 ± 3.09 (out of 30), for the fear of COVID-19 was12.63 ± 2.56 (out of 35), and for the misperception of COVID-19 was 0.53 ± 0.09 (out of 18). Path analysis results) showed that direct path from improper use of social media to psychological distress is significant (P

This article aims to reflect on the following problematizing questions: 1) What is popular education, what is its origin and what teachings does it provide us? 2) Why, after so many historical centuries of resistance and production of orders other than the hegemonic, does part of the critical field maintain the deviation regarding the content of popular education in its real emancipatory intention? To begin the reflective trajectory, we start with a Mexican mural-image by Alba Calderón, entitled Os desocupados. In the theoretical framework of Paulo Freire, José de Souza Martins, Claudia Korol, Oscar Jara, and the sociologist-muralist Eduardo Kingman, the reflection intends to address the questions above, to, in the end, make considerations about the centrality of popular education in the light of experience of rural social movements.

Introduction: When the traditional incremental technique is used for direct placement of composite resin in a deep occlusal cavity, each increment (2 mm or thicker) is individually cured where it undergoes hardening and shrinkage. As increments are bonded to all cavity walls, a constrained shrinkage develops in tooth, composite, and/or interfaces. In the first composite increment, this constrained shrinkage generates tensile stresses which are distributed in a nonuniform pattern within that increment, resulting in premature stressing of the dentin bond of the hybrid layer at the pulpal floor before it reaches full maturation. This premature stressing leads to initiation of interfacial debonding and propagation to form a microgap. This behavior is associated with persistent postoperative sensitivity and tooth pain, over the time, which subsequently results in restoration failure. Aims: This paper provides a comprehensive review on the first composite increment and its dependency on placement technique for the interaction behavior with the maturing dentin-adhesive bond at pulpal floors in deep occlusal cavities. Materials and Methods: The dental database was searched, and 59 articles were collected and included in this review, spanning the years from 1984 to 2023. Results and Discussion: Three biomimetic direct restorative techniques were reported in the literature for incrementally restoring large occlusal cavities. These techniques are the decoupling with time, the decoupling with fiber, and the decoupling with split-increment. They all aim at minimizing the generated shrinkage stresses in the first composite increment for protecting the developing dentin bond of the hybrid layer until it reaches full maturation and thus preventing the initiation and propagation of interfacial defects at pulpal floors of deep occlusal cavities. Finally, the restoration is completed by placing and curing successive increments of 1.5 mm each to fill the cavity; their number depends on the cavity depth. These increments can each be cured immediately following placement. Conclusions: In deep occlusal cavities, the interaction behavior between the first composite increment and the maturing dentin-adhesive bond at the pulpal floor depends on the technique used for the increment placement. This behavior is either favorable with the direct biomimetic techniques or unfavorable with the traditional incremental technique. With the direct biomimetic techniques, no premature shrinkage stressing of the dentin bond is induced at the pulpal floor. This prevents the initiation of interfacial debonding and propagation to form microgaps and results in the absence of postoperative sensitivity and persistent tooth pain.

Background: Higher life expectancy has produced a higher older people porpulation, not necessarily with a consistent quality of life, showing a high rate of vulnerability and dependence. The current social and health crisis situation has highlighted the need to create new integrated models of care that could be translated into social and health policies. Objective: The present study aims to develop, test, and validate an innovative integrated care model for older people with dependence and at risk of social exclusion and their caregivers. Methods: The TEC-MED project participants are nine project partners and six associated partners, with geographic coverage from six countries in the Mediterranean basin, Spain, Tunisia, Italy, Lebanon, Egypt, and Greece. Project coordination will take place at three different levels, macro, meso and micro, through six work packages. The pilot phase uses qualitative-quantitative method to assess the impact of the TEC-MED project, it is expected to train 36 Training Agents, six per country, who apply to a total of 28,200 people (mainly elders and their caregivers). Conclusion: The study proposes a new social integrated care organizational model focused on the integration of social and health care, comprising the governance model; the organization structure and the skills profiles for the caring personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have indicated that focusing solely on pairwise interactions between two nodes disregards the associativity among multi-nodes in the network's local structure. This associativity can be seen as dependencies among nodes, where certain edges' presence depends on the path leading to it. Examinations on diverse datasets have approved that the variable order of chained dependencies allows for the preservation of structure information, which enables the reconstruction of the original network into a Higher-Order Network (HON) with improved quality of network representation. This paper proposes a Density-based Higher-Order Network Embedding (DHONE) algorithm, which integrates the concept of higher-order density into the network-embedding process in order to classify the contribution of different orders of dependencies. Through the construction of a novel and effective higher-order adjacency matrix, DHONE steadily improves the accuracy of network representation learning. Experimental results demonstrate DHONEs proficiency in improving embedding accuracy and overall algorithm robustness. Furthermore, grounded in the concept of higher-order density proposed herein, numerous dependencies have been discerned within the network generated from trajectories, potentially indicating the role of multi-node structures in networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most scholars have interpreted Acts 17:28a–c ("for in him we live and move and are") within the context of the Aratus quotation in 17:28e. Yet in doing so, they overlooked the precise meaning of this statement and how it fits within the argument. This article considers the philological aspects and motifs contained in Acts 17:28a–c within their context. Thus, the statement expresses dependence on God by use of the Greek phrase ἔν τινι εἶναι , which appears widely across Greek literature. By taking the evidence from these sources into consideration, it becomes clear that the concise statement of Acts 17:28a–c bundles up various ideas of the Areopagus speech into one thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the integration of connected devices, artificial intelligence, and heterogeneous networks in IoT-driven cyber-physical systems, our society is evolving as a smart, automated, and connected community. In such dynamic and distributed environments, various operations are carried out considering different contextual factors to support the automation of connected devices and systems. These devices often perform long-lived operations or tasks (referred to as activities) to fulfill larger goals in the connected environment. These activities are usually mutable (change states) and interdependent. They can influence the execution of other activities in the ecosystem, requiring active and real-time monitoring of the entire connected environment. Traditional access control models are designed to take authorization decisions at the time of access request and do not fit well in dynamic and connected environments, which require continuous active checks on dependent and mutable activities. Recently, a vision for activity-centric access control (ACAC) was proposed to enable security modeling and enforcement from the perspective and abstraction of interdependent activities. The proposed ACAC incorporates four decision parameters: Authorizations (A), oBligations (B), Conditions (C), and activity Dependencies (D) for an object agnostic continuous access control in smart systems. In this paper, we take a step further towards maturing ACAC by focusing on the mutability of activities (the ability of changing states of activities), activity dependencies (D) and developing a family of formal mathematically grounded models, referred to as ACAC D . We propose six practically suitable sub-models for ACAC D to support the state transition of a mutable activity incorporating the dependent activities' state-check and state-update procedures. These formal models consider the real-time mutability of activities as a critical factor in resolving active dependencies among various activities in the ecosystem. Activity dependencies can form a chain where it is possible to have dependencies of dependencies. In ACAC, we also consider the chain of dependencies while handling the mutability of an activity. We highlight the challenges (such as multiple dependency paths, race conditions, circular dependencies, and deadlocks) while dealing with a chain of dependencies, and provide solutions to resolve these challenges. We also present a proof of concept implementation of our proposed ACAC D models with performance analysis for a smart farming use case. This paper addresses the formal models' intended behavior while supporting activities' dependencies. Specifically, it focuses on developing and categorizing mathematically grounded activity dependencies into various ACAC sub-models without formal policy specification and analysis of theoretical complexities, which are intentionally kept out of the scope of this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a framework for viewing artificial intelligence (AI) as planetary assemblages of coloniality that reproduce dependencies in how it co-constitutes and structures a tiered global data economy. We use assemblage thinking to map the coloniality of power to demonstrate how AI stratifies across knowledge, geographies, and bodies to influence development and economic trajectories, impact workers, reframe domestic industrial policies, and reconfigure the international political economy. Our post-colonial framework unpacks AI through its (1) global, (2) meso, and (3) local layers, and further dissects how these layers are vertically integrated, each with its horizontal dependencies. At (1) the global layer of international political economy maps a new digital bipolarity expressing Sino and American global digital corporations' strategic and dominant positions in shaping a tiered global data economy. Then, at (2) the meso layer, we have a mosaic of domestic industrial policies that fund, frame markets, and develop AI talent across industries, sectors, and organizations to competitively integrate into AI value chains. Finally, incorporating into these are (3) the localized labor processes and tasks, where workers and users enact various AI-mediated tasks and practices driving further value extraction. We traced how AI is an interlaced system of power that reshapes knowledge, geographies, and bodies into dependencies that reinforce stratifications in developing underdevelopment. This commentary maps the current digital realities by laying out an uneven techno-geoeconomic power architecture driving a tiered global data economy and opening new research avenues to examine AI as planetary assemblages of coloniality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: The aim of this study was to present a model of temptation and likelihood of substance use in dependent individuals with a history of relapse based on attention bias and emotional processing styles, with the mediating role of social support. Methods and Materials: The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included addicted individuals referred to addiction treatment centers (residential camps) in the city of Rasht. A simple random sampling method was used, and based on the Morgan table, 201 individuals were selected. Data were collected using the following standardized questionnaires: Post-Addiction Temptation to Use Substance Questionnaire, Shostrom Attention Bias Questionnaire (translated by Rezvani), Baker's Emotional Processing Styles Questionnaire, and Wax's Social Support Questionnaire. For statistical data analysis, structural equation modeling and LISREL software were used. Findings: The results indicated that all the paths in the overall sample were statistically significant. In the final research model, the relationship between variables of temptation and likelihood of substance use in dependent individuals with a history of relapse, based on attention bias and emotional processing styles, with the mediating role of social support, was significant. The highest coefficient (-0.76) was related to the path of social support, while the weakest coefficient (-0.39) was related to the path of attention bias. Therefore, all direct paths were significant (p < 0.50). In the proposed research model, there were two indirect or mediating paths, and to determine the significance of mediating relationships and the indirect effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable through the mediator, the bootstrap method was used (p < 0.01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the model has good fitness. Based on the standard coefficients, the direct and indirect paths of the proposed model were significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework for evaluating the relationship between China and Peru, drawing on dependency theory, against the backdrop of China's explicit policies towards foreign direct investment. It seeks to transcend traditional interpretations of this relationship in the literature that focuses on China as either hegemon or a South–South partner to Latin American countries to highlight a more nuanced relationship. Design/methodology/approach: The paper adopts a case study approach, focusing on China in Peru. The authors examine three areas of traditional, strategic and emerging industries drawing from Chinese national policies, reviewing these against characteristics of dependency: control of production, heterogeneity of actors, transfer of knowledge and delinking. Findings: The authors find that Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) in Peru demonstrates mixed motives and collectively operates as an ambiguous player. Chinese firms appear to be willing to work with various actors, but this engagement does not translate into a decolonial development alternative in the absence of a Peruvian political will to delink and Chinese willingness to actively transfer control of production and knowledge. Originality/value: This paper contributes to existing literature on China in Latin America by evaluating Chinese outward FDI in Peru against China's strategic aims in terms of a re-evaluation of dependency theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectiveMethodResultsConclusionsThis study tests a conceptual model exploring the mediating effects of perceived severity and assessed risk in the relationship between dependency and help-seeking behaviors in psychological, physical, and sexual violence.The sample consisted of 266 survivors of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) (Mage = 27.88 years; SD = 9.49), of which 23.7% reported having suffered physical violence from their partner or former partner, 83.8% psychological violence, and 54.1% sexual violence.Higher dependency scores were associated with lower perceived severity of violence, lower assessed levels of risk, and thus elevated difficulty in engaging in help seeking in all types of violence.Educating on equality and raising awareness of the seriousness and risk of IPVAW will be critical in facilitating help-seeking responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the international discussion on psychoanalytic technique, there is a controversial discourse on the use of the countertransference. In this paper, I discuss positions that recognize the shared experiences of regression of analyst and analysand in the analytic process, focussing on undifferentiated affective states in the analyst and their effect on the process. Starting from the metaphor of the maternal analyst, I think about these positions through the prism of the current discourse on maternal subjectivity. The naturalization of motherhood and the consecutive denigration of secondary dependency of actual mothers on a facilitating environment is described and compared to the position of the analyst in the regressive process. Referring to feminist and psychoanalytic literature on motherhood and reproductive labor, I discuss reasons for resistance against the recognition of secondary dependency. I argue that the patriarchal structuring of society and psychoanalytic culture seems to be a defense against vulnerability and the recognition of emotional needs. I outline the implications of the full recognition of emotional needs of the analyst for our understanding of the psychoanalytic process. In conclusion, the possibility of expanding the concept of the psychoanalytic frame to political circumstances as facilitating environment of the mutual regressive process is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community dependence on forests in a Canadian context has been a subject of study for several decades. However, in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Canadian communities known as forest-dependent were the subject of several studies in the context of the implementation of sustainable development and criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management. Despite the recognition that community-forest relationships are multidimensional, the criteria and indicators deployed in Canada to measure the achievement of sustainability objectives of forest-dependent communities have been mainly linked to the economics of the forest industry. This limited economic emphasis is particularly problematic in the context of climate change since the latter affects communities on a broader set of values. This article highlights the need to review the criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management from the perspective of adaptation to climate change. The approach is fueled by a dual objective: to ensure better monitoring of communities and to identify synergies between sustainable forest management and adaptation to climate change. The forest-dependent communities in a Canadian context have been studied for several decades. However, in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Canada's so-called "forest-dependent" communities became the focus of several studies in the context of the implementation of sustainable development and the criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management. Despite a recognition that community-forest relationships are multi-dimensional, the criteria and indicators deployed in Canada to measure the achievement of sustainability goals by forest-dependent communities have been predominantly linked to forest industry economics. This economic emphasis is particularly problematic in the context of climate change, as it affects communities across a broader set of values. This article highlights the need to revise the criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management from the perspective of climate change adaptation. The approach is driven by a dual objective: to ensure better monitoring of communities and to identify synergies between sustainable forest management and climate change adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Moneta e Credito is the property of Associazione Economia Civile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Digital technologies are pervasive and ensnaring, resulting in widespread dependence of their varying forms and functions. In this commentary we reflect on the effects of our own digital dependencies, noticing how as digital technologies edge toward higher degrees of sentience, we humans are becoming psychically deadened, ever reliant on such technologies to support our fractured selves. Providing three intimate introspective accounts, we foreground emergent themes related to aliveness and addiction, illustrating how social media tendencies are rooted in existential insecurities stemming from psychic difficulties and traumas. We encourage marketing theorists to critically interrogate how digital technologies, and in particular social networking sites, exploit our vulnerabilities to propagate an addictive logic toward aims of capital accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Accounting & Finance Management (JAFM). is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wearable health technologies are designed to improve a user's self-awareness of their state of health and increase motivation and physical activity, but there is limited understanding of the psychological and behavioral impact these devices have. The present research attempts to further clarify the influence of individual characteristics on the cognitive, affective, and behavioral outcomes of activity tracker usage, including the development of dependency. A cross-sectional study of 212 college students who used activity trackers was conducted to evaluate the psychological and behavioral impact of activity tracker usage and users' affective response to their device. Participants expressed more positive affect while wearing their device as opposed to when they were unable to wear it. Female participants exhibited more positive affect than male participants while wearing their device but less when unable to wear it. Only 9% of the sample reported a dependency effect. The dependency effect was negatively associated with intrinsic motivation to be physically active, motivation by the idea of success, and the personality traits of agreeableness and conscientiousness. The dependency effect was positively associated with extrinsic motivation for physical activity and tracker usage, as well as need for cognitive closure. This research elucidates the unintended outcomes of activity tracker usage along with the individual characteristics that present as predictors of these outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Derecho de la Seguridad Social, Laborum is the property of Ediciones Laborum S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The robustness of components/products/systems is a concern for both the company that sells them and the consumers who use them. Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA) which has evolved over 60 years, is a powerful and effective risk identification tool for both design and manufacturing, often combined with Multiple Criteria Decision-Making methods to increase its utility. However, most previous FMEA studies have neglected the interdependence of the failure modes. To address this issue, this study develops a novel method, the TEchnique for Defining the Influential Relationship of Failure Modes, to determine the risk prioritization of the failure modes. The interaction among failure modes is effectively identified and incorporated into the model. The primary analysis procedure can be divided into three parts: (i) the assessment of the initial risk scores of the failure modes; (ii) the definition of the degree of interdependence among the failure modes; and (iii) the integration of the final risk scores based on dependency. The model is used to conduct a case study for a multinational manufacturer of switch mode power supplies as a demonstration case. The practicality of the proposed model was validated through model comparisons and expert feedback. The results show that "an unstable output voltage", "no power-good signal", "recession in efficiency", "burning out of components", and "the cooling fan does not operate" are the top five risky failure modes. The research findings can be used as the basis for improvement strategies in R&D design and by quality assurance departments to enhance product reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider random graph models in which the events describing the inclusion of potential edges have to be independent of each other if the corresponding edges are non‐adjacent and ask: what is the minimum probability ρ(n)$$ \rho (n) $$, such that for any distribution 풢 (in this model) on graphs with n$$ n $$ vertices in which each potential edge has a marginal probability of being present at least ρ(n)$$ \rho (n) $$, a graph drawn from 풢 is connected with non‐zero probability? The answer to this question is sensitive to the formalization of the independence condition. We introduce a strict hierarchy of five conditions, which give rise to at least three different functions ρ(n)$$ \rho (n) $$. For each condition, we provide upper and lower bounds for ρ(n)$$ \rho (n) $$. For the strongest condition, the coloring model, we show that ρ(n)→2−ϕ≈0.38$$ \rho (n)\to 2-\phi \approx 0.38 $$ for n→∞$$ n\to \infty $$. In contrast, for the weakest condition, pairwise independence, we show that ρ(n)$$ \rho (n) $$ lies within O(1/n2)$$ O\left(1/{n}^2\right) $$ of the threshold 1−2/n$$ 1-2/n $$ for completely arbitrary distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improper use of social media during the COVID-19 outbreak, leading to fear and misunderstanding, can contribute to psychological disorders in vulnerable populations. This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 on 511 medical students of Babol University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using demographic, psychological distress, fear and misunderstanding questionnaires related to COVID-19 and social media dependency. A total of 511 medical students, with an average age of Mean and S.D; 23.57 ± 3.03 participated in the study. The average psychological distress score was 23.82 ± 7.73 (out of 54), the average score of social media dependency was 17.53 ± 3.09 (out of 30), for the fear of COVID-19 was12.63 ± 2.56 (out of 35), and for the misperception of COVID-19 was 0.53 ± 0.09 (out of 18). Path analysis results) showed that direct path from improper use of social media to psychological distress is significant (P < 0.001, B = 0.19) but this relationship is not significant through fear and misperception related to COVID-19. Improper use of social media, identified as the strongest predictor, can directly increase psychological distress in medical students, without mediation through fear and misperception related to COVID-19. These findings should be taken into consideration when designing and evaluating interventions aimed at promoting mental health and fostering appropriate use of social media among students during disease outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recognizing the global challenges faced by marine ecosystems and the people that depend on them, there is a growing worldwide uptake of the "Blue Economy" approach for establishing equitable and sustainable ocean industries. Research has shown that the capacity to achieve these Blue Economies is largely shaped by enabling governance conditions related to social and economic equity, more so than available natural resources. Yet there is often a very wide variation across such enabling conditions even within nations and subregions of the world. This must be addressed to build the foundations necessary for regional development and cooperation in shared ocean systems, but will require much beyond investments in scientific knowledge, technology, or infrastructure. Indeed, in most developing (and some developed) regions of the world, enabling conditions for and establishing a Blue Economy will require confronting and redressing colonial and postcolonial histories of systematic underdevelopment. Accordingly, we conduct a regional, historical comparative analysis to assess how country differences in colonial and post-colonial development processes correspond with varying levels of Blue Economy capacity. We focus on the Caribbean given its deep reliance on ocean systems, the wide variability in current enabling conditions for a Blue Economy, and its long history of colonial exploitation. Our structural analysis emphasizes how the historical forces of colonial and neocolonial development serve as long-standing obstacles to achieving high Blue Economy capacity in the region. We reason that these findings provide further justification for reparation programs, which possess relevance for ocean sustainability and development across the Global South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human reliability analysis (HRA) is approaching nearly 60 years of reliance on key aspects of the original HRA method Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction (THERP), including its process for analyzing dependency. Despite advances in computational abilities and HRA-relevant techniques, the conceptualization, modeling, and quantification of dependency have remained largely unchanged since the introduction of THERP. As a result, current HRA methods do not consider dependency in a realistic manner, and there remain foundational gaps related to the definition, lack of causality, and quantification for HRA dependency. In this paper, we review the current conceptualization of dependency and demonstrate that current research in dependency is not addressing all of the technical gaps. To address the outstanding technical gaps in HRA dependency, we propose a set of fundamental dependency structures (HRA dependency idioms) that capture the spectrum of relationships possible between HRA variables. The idioms provide a robust logical structure for HRA dependency that emphasizes causality and is based on a causal Bayesian network modeling architecture. The idioms conceptualize and model HRA dependency in an objective, traceable, and causally informed manner that facilitates data-based quantification of HRA dependency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: There is substantial evidence that previous working conditions influence post-retirement health, yet little is known about previous working conditions' association with old-age dependency. We examined job strain, hazardous and physical demands across working life, in relation to the risk of entering old-age dependency of care. Methods: Individually linked nationwide Swedish registers were used to identify people aged 70+ who were not receiving long-term care (residential care or homecare) at baseline (January 2014). Register information on job titles between the years 1970 and 2010 was linked with a job exposure matrix of working conditions. Random effects growth curve models were used to calculate intra-individual trajectories of working conditions. Cox regression models with age as the timescale (adjusted for living situation, educational attainment, country of birth, and sex) were conducted to estimate hazard ratios for entering old-age dependency during the 24 months of follow-up (n = 931,819). Results: Having initial adverse working conditions followed by an accumulation throughout working life encompassed the highest risk of entering old-age dependency across the categories (job strain: HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.19–1.27; physical demands: HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.31–1.40, and hazardous work: HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.30–1.40). Initially high physical demands or hazardous work followed by a stable trajectory, or initially low-level physical demand or hazardous work followed by an accumulation throughout working life also encompassed a higher risk of dependency. Conclusions: A history of adverse working conditions increased the risk of old-age dependency. Reducing the accumulation of adverse working conditions across the working life may contribute to postponing old-age dependency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science & Engineering / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Science & Literature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

IntroductionCognitive impairment and dementia are part of a continuum that progressively leads to functional impairment and dependency. Dementia is a paradigmatic example of chronic and complex psychogeriatric diseases, requiring a comprehensive assessment. The authors underline the importance of implementing a formal assessment of needs (whether met or unmet) as an essential element of comprehensive assessment. The aim of this paper is to empirically validate this model of approach towards dementia, the needs assessment, demonstrating the relationship between needs and functionality/dependency in people with cognitive impairment/dementia in the community.Material and methodsCommunity-based, cross-sectional, descriptive epidemiological study based on the reanalysis of data from a two-phase community epidemiological study conducted in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, of 800 people over 65 years of age. The present study reanalyzes a subsample of 368 people, including those with dementia/cognitive impairment. The comprehensive assessment of the sample included sociodemographic variables, the presence of chronic diseases, health self-perception, assessment of affective, cognitive and functional state, as well as the needs assessment. The main instruments used were the MMSE, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the Barthel and Katz Indices, the Lawton Scale, and, for the needs assessment, the Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly (CANE). For the clinical diagnosis of dementia, the ICD-10 criteria were followed. Statistical analysis: A study of the association between variables was carried out through hypothesis testing and a multivariate study was performed using regression models to analyze the relationship between the different variables defining disability/dependency, other health conditions and sociodemographic variables and the MMSE score as an expression of the cognitive impairment/dementia continuum.ResultsPeople with cognitive impairment/dementia had a higher number of needs compared to the healthy population. The severity of cognitive impairment is a significant predictor of dependency in Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) and is also a predictor of a greater number of needs (both met and unmet).DiscussionThe present study provides empirical evidence of the importance of implementing scales to assess the needs of people with cognitive impairment, as part of the process of comprehensive biopsychosocial assessment and person-centered care for dementia.

LSTM has been presented to overcome the problem of the gradient vanishing and explosion. Tree-LSTM could improve the parallel speed of LSTM, and incorporate relevant information from dependency or syntax trees. Tree-LSTM can update gate and memory vectors from the multiple sub-units. Learning edge features can strengthen the expression ability of graph neural networks. However, the original Child-Sum Tree-LSTMs ignores edge features during aggregating the sub-nodes hidden states. To enhance node representation, we propose an interaction mechanism that can alternately updating nodes and edges vectors, thus the model can learn the richer nodes vectors. The interaction mechanism attaches the node embedding to its connected link at the first stage. Next, it superimposes the updated edge into the parent node once more. Repeat the above steps from bottom to top. We present five strategies during the alternant renewal process. Meanwhile, we adopt one constituent parser and one dependency parser to produce the diversified formats, and compare their performances in the experiment result. The proposed model achieves better performance than baseline methods on the BioNLP’09 and MLEE corpuses. The experimental results show that the simple event results are almost identical for each parser. But for complex events, Stanford Parser is better than MaltParser because of more frequent interactive behaviors. The different parsing formats have different results, and CoNLL’2008 Dependencies show competitive and superior performance for each parser.

Lo studio dell’economia palestinese pone numerose sfide alla disciplina economica. Si tratta di un sistema generato da una storia complessa, assai frammentato dal punto di vista geografico, sociale e politico. Inoltre, gli Accordi di Oslo e il relativo Protocollo sulle Relazioni Economiche (o Protocollo di Parigi) con Israele hanno creato una struttura economica in cui l’Autorità Palestinese – uno degli attori economici della Palestina precedente al 7 ottobre 2023, ma non il solo – è priva di ogni leva di politica economica. È fondamentale capire nel dettaglio caratteristiche e implicazioni di questa assenza di sovranità. Si tratta di un caso sostanzialmente unico e peculiare, tale per cui lo sviluppo macroeconomico palestinese risulta di fatto impraticabile alla luce di qualunque approccio teorico si adotti.

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an essential outcome parameter in geriatric research; however, the available evidence is mixed regarding the factors associated with HRQoL among people with dementia. We aimed to identify factors that contribute to HRQoL among people with dementia in residential long-term care (LTC) institutions. Methods: We randomly selected 299 of 1607 registered residential LTC institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 2019 and 2020, including items on demographic characteristics, comorbidities, the EuroQol-5 dimensions-5 levels (EQ-5D-5L; utility and visual analog scale [VAS] scores), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, activities of daily living (ADL), and instrumental ADL (IADL). Results: In total, 1313 people with dementia from 267 institutions were enrolled (mean age, 76.4 ± 12.7 years). The mean EQ-5D-5L utility and VAS scores were 0.10 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.48) and 66.57 (SD = 20.67), respectively. In multivariate linear regression analysis, higher scores for ADL, IADL, and CDR sum of boxes were associated with higher utility scores. Higher VAS scores were associated with higher ADL and MMSE scores. Lower utility scores and VAS scores were associated with more frequent depressive symptoms. Conclusion: ADL, dementia severity, cognitive function, and depressive symptoms influenced the HRQoL of people with dementia in residential LTC institutions. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to better understand how HRQoL changes over time among people with disabilities.

Background: Regular utilization of dental services enables to improve and maintain oral and general health, in old age. The study assessed the factors acting as barriers and their association with the utilization of dental services among the elderly population aged 65–74 years in Davangere, India. Methodology: A cross-sectional door-to-door survey using a self-designed, structured, validated questionnaire was carried out with a sample of 1440 elders aged 65–74 years residing in Davangere city. They were randomly selected through a multistage sampling technique. Information regarding demographic details, systemic conditions, oral hygiene practices, perceived need, utilization rate of dental services, and factors acting as barriers for the utilization of dental services among elderly was collected. “Cronbach’s α test and test–retest” tests were performed to assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The Chi-square test, Pearson correlation test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to assess the association between various factors acting as barriers and utilization of dental services. Results: Fifty percent of elders perceived a problem in their oral cavity, and 41.4% had utilized dental service in the previous year. The factors such as location of clinic, appointment system, expense of treatment, self-care, inability to comprehend the dentist explanation, availability of specialist, and service on weekends were highly significant in the regression model (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Education, economic condition, negative perception of dental treatment, presence of systemic conditions, inability to comprehend dentist explanation, and use of self-oral care were the most important barriers for the utilization of dental services.

Abstract While Free and Open Source (F/OSS) coding has traditionally been described as a separate commons linked to values of openness and sharing, recent research suggests an increasing integration of private corporations into F/OSS practices, blurring the boundaries between F/OSS and commodified coding. However, there is a dearth of empirical, and especially quantitative studies exploring this phenomenon. To address this gap, we model the power dynamics and infrastructural aspects of software production within GitHub, a central hub for F/OSS development, using a large-scale, directed network. Using various network statistics, we detect the ecosystem’s most impactful actors and find a nuanced picture of the influence of individuals, open source organizations, and private corporations in F/OSS practices. We find that the majority of public repositories on GitHub depend on a small core of specialized repositories and users. In accordance with expectations, individuals and open source organizations are more prevalent in this core of elite GitHub users, however, we also find a significant amount of private organizations with an indirect, yet consistent influence within GitHub. In addition, we find that directly influential individuals tend to facilitate sponsorship methods more often than indirectly or non-influential individuals. Our research highlights a hybridization of F/OSS and sheds light on the complex interplay between influence, power, and code production in the multi-language dependency ecosystem of GitHub.