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The article discusses the interpretation of Harriet Martineau's novella "Dawn Island" in the context of free trade and its impact on Britain and the fictional island. The author argues that free trade can be seen as a metaphorical dawn of progress and civilization for both Dawn Island and Britain. The novella explores the transformative effects of trade interactions and the international division of labor, highlighting the benefits and interdependence of global trade systems. The article suggests that Martineau's work contributes to our understanding of economic shifts in nineteenth-century Britain and the broader implications of free trade. Additionally, the article explores the role of women in the anti-corn law movement in 19th-century Britain, focusing on Martineau's novel "Dawn Island." The author examines how Martineau's work challenged traditional gender roles and advocated for free trade. Thorne-Murphy argues that Martineau's novel played a significant role in promoting women's involvement in political and economic issues. This article provides valuable insights into the historical context and the impact of women's participation in the anti-corn law movement. [Extracted from the article]

AbstractMany early 19th century economic thinkers have provided ideas to explain the causes of commercial crises, as against the Classical belief on the impossibility of a general disequilibrium between demand and supply. J.S. Mill contributed to this debate suggesting an analysis of money and credit as generators of economic fluctuations and crises. Mill apprehended the significance of the function of money as a store of value and explained cyclical fluctuations based on three interrelated causes: the role of money as credit, the propensity of moneylenders to overexpand their credit and the effect of the general tendency of profits to fall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of boxing in Cape Town, South Africa, remains a minor focus of study amongst sport historians, compared to rugby, soccer or cricket. This article endeavours to address this situation by presenting a boxing narrative from 1932 to 1935. A literature review on boxing history in the British and American world is used to introduce the reader to this narrative. It shows how organised boxing in Cape Town’s black communities was historically rooted in all classes of people. It also reveals how the current body of academic research on black boxing is gaining momentum but is still in its infancy in South Africa. There are, however, many popular narratives from which researchers can draw. A methodological account is presented that outlines the reconstructionist method of historical research. Next, the article proceeds with a history of organised boxing, and it is shown how this sport was driven by class considerations from the nineteenth century onwards. The article concludes with the notion that professional boxing brought relief for promoters, boxers and gamblers during the worldwide economic depression of the 1930s. This ran parallel with the ‘upliftment’ project of the club movement with its theme of ‘keep the boys off the street’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nationalists believed that Ireland had not thrived economically under the Union. This article explores economic policymaking under the 1922 Provisional Government which administered the 26 counties during the one-year transition phase from British to Irish Free State jurisdiction. It is a case study which examines the fate of pre-independence economic programmes; the reorganisation of the economic portfolios of the civil service; the handling of immediate economic problems; as well as the formulation of plans and priorities for Ireland's future. The Provisional Government faced an unprecedented array of internal and external problems, in particular the economic depression and deflation in the wake of the First World War (1914–1918); the economic damage of the Irish War of Independence (1919–1921); and the divisive and violent Irish Civil War (1922–3) - the result of rupture in the main nationalist political party, Sinn Féin, over acceptance of the Anglo-Irish Treaty settlement, which provided for the creation of the Irish Free State as a dominion rather than as a fully sovereign republic. Depspite these setbacks, the Provisional Government needed to enforce its authority and demonstrate its ability to govern by being seen to competently address economic issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water demand management adopts economic and non-economic measures to reduce human water use. However, it is argued in this study that water use changes may cause idle water supply facilities and revenue losses, thereby challenging the sustainability of water supply systems in the context of climate change. A co-governance framework was established to inspire practical strategies of sustaining water supply systems by re-evaluating the long-term impacts of water demand changes. This framework adopts a broader view of water demand management by integrating the political, financial, and consumptive needs of the government, the market, and the users in the form of a collaborative strategy coupling both supply-side and demand-side solutions. The proposed framework was applied to the analysis of the sustainability of China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project. It is found that the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is not a simple water supply infrastructure but rather a synthesis of supply-side and demand-side water management solutions. Actively releasing water for ecological and cultural purposes is suggested in this study to maintain the socio-ecological benefits of the project in the context of human water use decline. The economic cost of the water supply could be recovered by ongoing revenues that include not only the water fees charged to users but also the benefits gained from cooperative investment in broader water-related businesses by both the state-owned water transfer company and local governments in water-receiving areas. The proposed framework and strategies are valuable for other water utilities around the world, especially those challenged by reduced water demand caused by climate change, high water prices, and economic depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study adopted historical research and in-depth interviews with artists, dealers, art writers, and collectors in addressing two overarching questions, which are (1) How have state actions manifested as the impetus and impediments to art market development in Nigeria and (2) To what extent is Bourdieu's artistic field model applicable to the Nigerian art world? As the boost in artistic production and consumption in Renaissance Italy was attributed to the wealth generated from banking by the Medici, the research also shows that the art market in Nigeria emerged as an upshot of the economic policy of financial deregulation, which manifested as an "implicit" cultural policy. The financial sector liberalization policy was aimed at addressing the economic depression that stemmed from the drastic global fall in crude oil prices in the 1980s. It stimulated the proliferation of banking and other financial services institutions in Nigeria, which engendered intense competition that lured operators into harnessing esthetics for competitive advantages. This bolstered art collection and patronage, underpinning the emergence of the contemporary art market in Nigeria with an auction segment that grew from about $250,000 in 1999 to over $5.5 million in 2017. Paradoxically, the research also revealed that inadequacies resulting from the lack of "explicit" state plans for the cultural sector constitute impediments to the optimization of the market's potential. As a mark of power, high art and advanced taste have always been associated with elitism. Thus, the research also establishes a high degree of applicability of Bourdieu's artistic field model in exploring the dynamics of power structures in the Nigerian art world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the spread of COVID-19, economic damages are challenging for governments and people's livelihood besides its dangerous and negative impact on humanity's health, which can be led to death. Various health guidelines have been proposed to tackle the virus outbreak including quarantine, restriction rules to imports, exports, migrations, and tourist arrival that were affected by economic depression. Providing an approach to predict the economic situation has a highlighted role in managing crisis when a country faces a problem such as a disease epidemic. We propose an intelligent algorithm to predict the economic situation that utilizes neural networks (NNs) to satisfy the aim. Our work estimates correlation coefficient based on the spearman method between gross domestic product rate (GDPR) and other economic statistics to find effective parameters on growing up and falling GDPR and also determined the NNs' inputs. We study the reported economic and disease statistics in Germany, India, Australia, and Thailand countries to evaluate the algorithm's efficiency in predicting economic situation. The experimental results demonstrate the prediction accuracy of approximately 96% and 89% for one and more months ahead, respectively. Our method can help governments to present efficient policies for preventing economic damages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies / Çagdas Türkiye Tarihi Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The administrative documents produced in Transjordan during the first decades of the British Mandate concerning the Banu Sakhr Bedouin tribe offer a detailed case study of state-making and the consequent disruption of autonomous nomadic pastoralist society. In the late Ottoman period, the tribe remained largely self-sufficient and beyond the reach of the authorities by virtue of their flocks of camels. But the extension of state-making into the desert regions during the Mandate, associated above all with the activities of one British army officer, John Bagot Glubb, served to undermine Banu Sakhr camel husbandry and alter the power dynamics between tribe and state. Taxation, control of mobility, border regimes and an end to inter-tribal raiding, combined with drought and economic depression, forced the tribe to diversify away from camel pastoralism. This process altered the Banu Sakhr social system and solidified the encapsulation of the tribe within the nascent state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the transformation of superhero genre in American comic books, from its optimistic and lighthearted beginnings with characters like Superman to the emergence of darker. Topics include the historical context, the enduring appeal of crime and justice themes, and the exploration of power and morality in contemporary comics, with a specific emphasis on the character Stardust and reflection of American societal sentiments during the late Depression and pre-World War II era.

The article recollects the political and social impact of the Covid-19 crisis in the city of Messina. Here, the general manifestations of the pandemic crisis intertwined with a local fabric characterized by economic depression and «dependency». In order to survive, vast portions of the local social classes depend on the political power of a given moment. Such local power -- in this case the Mayor -- presented «populist» traits that found in the health crisis the ideal condition to extend reputation and importance. While opposition to this authoritarian project was one trait present in the community, ambivalence and instrumentalism appeared as the most relevant sentiments and reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the impact of depression treatment on economic behavior in Karnataka, India. We cross-randomize pharmacotherapy and livelihoods assistance among 1,000 depressed adults and evaluate impacts on depression severity, socioeconomic outcomes, and several potential pathways. When combined, the interventions reduce depression severity, with benefits that persist after treatment concludes. Pharmacotherapy alone has a weaker effect that is only marginally significant and dissipates sooner. Depression treatment does not significantly increase earnings, consumption, or human capital investment in children. (JEL I12, I15, I18, J13, J22, J31, O15) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 20th century, also described as the age of extremes, was marked by unprecedented catastrophes and two bloody wars that left indelible marks on three generations. The experience of hyperinflation and economic depressions led to new ways of achieving specific economic objectives that would otherwise have been unattainable. The planned economy, invented and implemented in Germany during the First World War, is one of these methods. Development plans, which aim to eliminate economic problems and to give confidence to investors in countries aiming at economic development, maintain their importance today. This study measures the working capital efficiency level of two iron and steel companies, which were established in the same period in two different countries as a result of five-year development plans and which are internationally competitive with each other today, with the index efficiency level method developed by Bhattacharya. The utilization index, performance index and efficiency index values were calculated using the annual data of Posco from South Korea and Erdemir from Turkey for the years 2011- 2021. The findings of the calculations show that both firms have an effective working capital management. The fact that the change in the results over the years can be associated with global and economic events is supported by the consistency of the study and its methodology, and the findings are in line with the theoretical expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maritime transportation is vital for the movement of cargo between different continents and distant locations but can be disrupted by the frequent occurrence of pirate attacks. Based on the pirate attacks from July 1994 to December 2019, a spatial analysis of pirate attacks using a Geographic Information System (GIS) was conducted in the present study using the data available for tankers, dry bulk carriers, container vessels, general cargo vessels, and tugs. The adoption of the kernel density analysis was intended to identify the spatial pattern of global pirate attacks. The research results demonstrated that the pirate attacks showed a clustering pattern and were mostly associated with areas experiencing economic depression, a high unemployment rate, and social unrest. Accordingly, spatiotemporal hot spot analysis was carried out to recognize the changing directions of cold spots and hot spots over a period of time. The waters off Somalia, the Strait of Malacca, the Philippines, the Bay of Bengal, the Gulf of Guinea, and the northwest of South America were found to be the common locations of pirate attacks. The cold and hot spots of pirate attacks on the three key vessel types, including tankers, dry bulk carriers, and container vessels, were found to be similar. When considering the same area, the trends of cold and hot spots of different vessel types being attacked were substantially different. This study can provide a useful guideline for the International Maritime Organization and other relevant organizations in the world to design and implement targeted strategies to combat and mitigate pirate attacks. Additionally, the introduction of a GIS may help to envision the spatial and temporal distribution of pirate attacks and to explore the characteristics of pirate behaviors at sea and the patterns of piracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Research in Economics, Politics & Finance / Ekonomi, Politika & Finans Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Journal of Research in Economics, Politics & Finance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Did the crisis period influence party issue salience on the two main dimensions of conflict – economic and cultural – in Europe? How did this happen in terms of potential differences between Southern European countries, the most exposed to economic depression and austerity, and the rest of Europe? And what can we learn about all this when we look at the parties themselves and consider party-level determinants of issue salience? In answering these questions, this study investigates continuity and change in party issue salience over time, comparing Southern Europe with the rest of Europe between 2000 and 2018. Using manifesto data, we test hypotheses on the relevance of the economic crisis for issue salience in party competition and the intermediary role of party characteristics in one of the most turbulent areas of recent times. We show that in Southern Europe, during the Great Recession, the socio-economic cleavage contained the ascendance of a socio-cultural dimension and that party-level characteristics are important in conditioning responses to the crisis in terms of issue salience. To pursue the argument, we combine insights from saliency theory and accounts of party strategic adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes how Taiwanese farmers adopted irrigation pumps to enhance their livelihoods under the shifting relationship of sugar and rice production in late colonial Taiwan. I argue that farmers utilized commercial technologies to make a living and prosper within the established order of Japanese colonial rule. With allocated procurement districts granting exclusive purchasing rights over sugarcane, sugar companies maintained substantial influence over sugarcane cultivation. However, with the proliferation of Penglai rice and new agricultural implements, the situation of the farmers changed substantially. Serious problems in the sugar industry due to economic depression and the rising price of rice in the 1930s led farmers to shift from sugarcane to rice cultivation by introducing a variety of pumps. Those with the means installed new motor pumps, while others independently constructed wind pumps by combining newly introduced parts with older techniques. Despite a prohibition by the colonial government, farmers continued installing pumps until the government established a planned economy in preparation for war. Moreover, distribution of pump capacity through both sales and sharing shows that Taiwanese farmers sought to maintain an informal yet significant cohesion throughout the process of agricultural commercialization. By focusing on the social dynamics surrounding agricultural technologies, this article challenges simplistic portrayals of technology transfer from Japan to the colonies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (Routledge) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects not only individual’s physical health but also their well-being and makes them vulnerable in different ways. Post-COVID-19 depression is dependent on the dynamic interaction between social, medical, economic, geographical, and political factors determining the availability, vulnerability, and distribution of pandemic outbreaks that create fear apprehension and instability among the population. Aim: To evaluate the level of depression (pre and post) and the management of depression among patients from Western Uttar Pradesh of Northern India after the pandemic of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: It was a longitudinal study involving a total of 156 patients with depression. Through chit randomization methods, patients are allocated into two groups, that is, experimental (n=92) and control (n=64). Both groups received appropriate pharmacotherapy. The experimental group in addition also underwent eight therapeutic sessions of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) (relaxation breathing exercise, activity scheduling, and cognitive restructuring). The period of study was from July 2021 to January 2022. Depression was assessed by applying the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) pre- and post-intervention. Results: According to BDI II, 59.78% of patients report severe levels, 25% of patients report moderate levels, and 15.21% report mild levels of depression. Patients who received medications plus CBT showed significantly better improvement than the patients who received only medications. Conclusion: Patients with post-COVID-19 depression showed better improvement with medications plus CBT than medications alone. The finding of this study underline the importance of CBT in the treatment of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water demand management adopts economic and non-economic measures to reduce human water use. However, it is argued in this study that water use changes may cause idle water supply facilities and revenue losses, thereby challenging the sustainability of water supply systems in the context of climate change. A co-governance framework was established to inspire practical strategies of sustaining water supply systems by re-evaluating the long-term impacts of water demand changes. This framework integrates the political, financial, and consumptive needs of the government, the market, and the users through a collaborative strategy coupling both supply-side and demand-side solutions. The proposed framework was applied to the analysis of the sustainability of China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project. It is found that the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is not a simple water supply infrastructure but rather a synthesis of supply-side and demand-side water management solutions. Actively releasing water for ecological and cultural purposes is suggested in this study to maintain the socioecological benefits of the project in the context of human water use decline. The economic cost of the water supply could be recovered by ongoing revenues that include not only the water fees charged to users but also the benefits gained from cooperative investment in broader water-related businesses by both the state-owned water-transfer company and local governments in water-receiving areas. The proposed framework and strategies are valuable for other water utilities around the world, especially those challenged by reduced water demand caused by climate change, high water prices, and economic depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As a result of the economic depression in the 1990s, the downsizing, restructuring and mergers of companies caused the dismissal of employees. Dismissals have increased the perceptions of job insecurity by causing other employees to worry that they will be unemployed. Due to perceived job insecurity, employees spent long hours at their workplaces and this prevented them from balancing their work and life. In this context, due to the perception of job insecurity that continues today, the main purpose of the research is to determine to what extent the job insecurity perceptions of blue-collar and white-collar employees affect their work-life balance and to determine whether the work-life balance has a mediating role in the effect of job insecurity perception on the apparent presence at work. As a result of the research, it was determined that the perceptions of employees' job insecurity have a statistically significant and positive effect on their apparent presence at work, and that work-life balance plays a partial mediation role in the effect of job insecurity on the apparent presence at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies / Çagdas Türkiye Tarihi Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Weak ties are becoming mainstream in daily relationships and play an essential role in the improvement of individuals' mental health. Despite growing concerns on depression, inclusion of weak ties is limited. To address the gap, this study empirically shed light on the role of weak ties on individual depression in the context of economic development. A cross-sectional study was conducted based on 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) with a sample of 16,545 individuals. A moderated mediation model is constructed to evaluate the impact of economic development (GDP) on the degrees of depression, the mediating effect of weak ties, and the moderating effect of residents' residence types (living in urban or rural areas). Economic development exerts a significant direct impact on depression (β = − 1.027 , p <0.001). Weak ties are significantly negatively correlated with depression (β = − 0.574 , p <0.001), and act as a mediator between economic development and local individual depression. In addition, the residence type plays a moderating role between economic development and weak ties (β = 0.193 , p <0.001). That is, living in urban areas would introduce the higher the level of weak ties. Higher economic development is largely conducive to alleviating the degrees of depression, weak ties play a mediating role between economic development and depression, and residence types exert a positive moderating effect on the economic development and weak ties. • This study empirically shed light on the role of weak ties on individual depression based on 2018 CHARLS. • Economic development could significantly affect degrees of individual depression through the mediating effect of weak ties. • Residence types play a moderating role between economic development and weak ties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the COVID-19 pandemic has stimulated earnings management among publicly traded companies in Brazil and the USA. Design/methodology/approach: The authors analyzed the above-mentioned effects based on 22,244 observations of Brazilian companies and 139,856 observations of American companies from 1998 to 2020. The proxy used to detect earnings management based on discretionary accruals (DAC) was obtained by using the Modified Jones Model (MJM) (Dechow et al., 1995), with adjustments suggested by Kothari et al. (2005). In accordance with previous studies (e.g. Brown et al., 2015; Enomoto et al., 2015; Galdi et al., 2020; Huang and Sun, 2017; Roychowdhury, 2006), the authors also employed a second proxy to detect earnings management through real activities associated with unusual losses for fixed assets (property, plant and equipment (PPE)). Findings: The study's findings indicate that the discretionary accruals of Brazilian companies varied in a more accentuated manner during the COVID-19 pandemic, making it possible to deduce that a recent history of economic depression may entail greater incentives for earnings management in an emerging economy. In addition, the authors verified that the effects of the current crisis on earnings management proxies denote a signal that is distinct from previous economic crises, which may be interpreted as an attempt to postpone the effects of the pandemic on financial statements, especially those of the Brazilian capital markets. Originality/value: Unlike previous crises, this pandemic has led to direct restrictions on a wide variety of economic segments rather than indirect contagion due to anomalies in the financial markets, making it a phenomenon with the characteristics of a quasi-natural experiment for studies related to the quality of accounting information. Considering that both Brazil and the USA provide an opportune economic contrast, given their discrepancies in terms of economic growth over the past two decades, the researchers believe that there is an unusual opportunity to understand how earnings management can be an incentive for managers in environments where crises arose from natural causes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this article is to analyze and research the main tools of management accounting functioning, identify trends of their future development and optimize processes improving its information content for managers based on the changes that are taking place in the current conditions of martial law in Ukraine. The analysis of the features of economic processes was carried out using the principles of dialectics, which allowed to classify the effects of the crisis processes of the Ukrainian economy. The classification of the effects of the crisis processes of the Ukrainian economy associated with the introduction of martial law is carried out and their impact on the development of management accounting tools was shown. The main functions of management accounting, which characterize the depressive phenomena of the economy and have a direct impact on its functioning, are highlighted. Based on the highlighted functions, we have adjusted the objects and tasks facing management accounting during martial law. The conceptual anti-crisis model of management accounting was formed, its functional variability determines the set of objects of management accounting, which is mainly associated with the need to manage the parameters of strategic anti-crisis development of the economic entity, as well as monitoring and control of its detailed microenvironment under martial law. The results of the study have important practical value for managers of enterprises that are affected by crisis phenomena caused by rapid negative changes in the external environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contrary to the visible Latinx population growth in rural America, rural Latinx households have experienced far greater economic disparities compared to Whites. Family economic stress predicts parents' emotional distress, lower family functioning, and places children at high risk for behavior problems. However, few studies have examined the combined effects of economic and acculturative stress on rural Latinx child behaviors, nor the family stress process among rural Latinx immigrant families in the Midwest, a new settlement area for Latinx and other immigrants (Kandel & Cromartie, 2004). Guided by the family stress model (FSM), we examined the relationships among economic pressure, parent acculturative stress, maternal depressive symptoms, parenting competence and child internalizing and externalizing behaviors using a sample of 148 rural low-income Latinx immigrant mothers in a Midwestern state. Structural equation modeling was performed to test these relationships. Results revealed that higher levels of economic pressure and parent acculturative stress were related to higher levels of maternal depressive symptoms, which in turn were associated with lower parenting competence and eventually linking to higher levels of child externalizing behaviors. Maternal depressive symptoms were positively associated with child internalizing behaviors. Parent acculturative stress was also found to be directly linked to child internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Intervention programs that aim to promote health and well-being among rural Latinx immigrant mothers and their children may find it beneficial to incorporate information and strategies that lessen parent acculturative stress and depression, promote parenting competence, and connect families to resources to help reduce economic pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current economic development in China is largely replied on the huge consumption of fossil fuels, resulting in emission of the vast amount of air pollutants. Under this circumstance, it is of vital importance to explore the relationships among economy, energy and air pollutants so that the targeted policies and suggestions for each province will be proposed. Based on the emergy and decoupling index methods, this study calculated the GDP, energy consumptions and air pollutants in 30 provinces from the year 2015 to 2017. And then five indicators were established which included the ratio of fossil energy to non-fossil energy (RFN), energy use per unit GDP (EUPG), environmental cost per unit GDP (ECPG), impact of emissions per unit energy consumption (IEPEC), and economic-energy-air emission decoupling index (DI). The result demonstrates that the consumption of renewable energy in eastern and northeastern parts of China are obviously largely than the other provinces, while the energy efficiency of Beijing, Tianjin and southern parts are higher than other regions. The indicators ECPG and IEPEC are largest in the western and some under-development central regions, but the emergy loss in 30 provinces shows a declining trend year by year, especially the dust emission. In terms of decoupling index (DI), the indicator DIemission-GDP of Liaoning and Inner Mongolia are respectively 2.36 and 4.58, grouped into recessive decoupling status due to the economic depression. While the left 28 provinces are in the status of strong decoupling. The indicators of DIenergy-GDP are intricate, while most of provinces are in the status of strong decoupling. In general, the relationship among economy, energy and air pollutants shows a sustainable development trend. In the future, some targeted development patterns for different provinces should be proposed for 30 provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of JBES: Brazilian Journal of Health Economics / Jornal Brasileiro de Economia da Saúde is the property of JBES: Brazilian Journal of Health Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A worldwide economic recession is forecasted at the beginning of 2023. As society is still recovering from the aftermath of pandemic, this pessimistic forecast poses significant challenges for health experts to address the emerging global mental health crisis. This research conducted a qualitative analysis followed by cross national interviews from medical professionals involved in treating psychological traumas. Thirty five medical professionals experienced, each having more than 10 years of experience in treating mental traumas from various countries, were selected for the interviews. This study features an in depth exploration of global mental health conditions. The results showed citizens from around the world are expected to experience a variety of mental traumas such as anxiety, hypertension, and stress in 2023. Open discussions were organized to perceive the global mental health scenario holistically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local governments consistently face challenges of economic depression and the unexpected events that precipitate them, such as COVID-19. The depressions leave governments taxed for resources, infrastructure, and time. These depressions are often helped by large infusions of federal grant dollars, otherwise known as stimulus-oriented granting. Key variables in determining success in spending these stimulus dollars include government structure and different forms of capacity. These are traditionally tested characteristics that governments already possess. What we know less about is how governments take advantage of these spending opportunities without regard to the resources that are under their control. This is referred to as entrepreneurial orientation. Using the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), this study tests the effect of entrepreneurial orientation, form of government, and capacity on local government spending of federal grant dollars, specifically in stimulus-oriented granting. This study has implications for other stimulus-oriented granting, such as the COVID-19-motivated, Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precisely how to reconstruct the planetary past is not predetermined. This article compares three contemporary plans, dreamed up in the United States during the Interwar and Depression years, that deploy diverse techniques to evoke extinct environments. Building on Martin Rudwick's historicization of 'scenes from deep time', this article develops the concept of designs on deep time to explain how public displays of the planetary past circulate anything-but-neutral ideas about past and present to awed audiences. By detailing three contemporary designs on deep time—Pleistocene Park at the La Brea Tar Pits, a sensational World's Fair exhibit called 'The World a Million Years Ago', and a dinosaur park where living fossils and ancient plants approximated a Mesozoic atmosphere—this article captures diverse philosophies about how to construct persuasive encounters with the prehistoric past. It also demonstrates how, despite disparate approaches, these designers of deep time displays all used the planetary past to legitimate present regimes and foster faith in human progress. During the 1920s and 1930s, when the wounds of war, changing demographics, and economic depression collaborated to dispute a prevailing myth of American progress, deep time by design buoyed faith in a better future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the history of maize production to demonstrate the extent to which colonial conservation interspersed with economic expediency stifled African production from 1920 to 1960. Drawing on archival and oral evidence from southern Malawi, it argues that colonial restriction on maize production to conserve the country's soil fertility was an excuse by the state to achieve various economic interests. What the colonial state in Malawi wanted was to divert the Africans from the production of maize to other crops whose global market demand and value was high. This was critical during the post-depression era when settler agriculture collapsed, and even worse in the post-war period when Britain desperately required African agriculture for its economic recovery. But since maize had become their life-blood, African producers, with the support of some colonial officials who shared similar fears, could not submit to this restrictive policy. By forefronting maize production, the study sheds new light on the socio-environmental historiography which has generically attributed the implementation of colonial conservation policies in Africa to economic depression, drought, demography, the American dust bowl, colonial land policies, and local farming practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Musharraf Alam Zauqi is a famous novelist and fiction writer of Urdu literature. In "Woman in the Mortuary", the psychology of human life, social behavior, economic depression, conflicting behavior with minorities, violation of rights are presented. Musharraf Alam Zauqi gave a wide canvas to this psychological oppression and exploitation in the novel "Murda". Wrote "Woman in Box". The novel "Woman in the Mortuary" deals with psychological confusion and many issues such as gender, politics, murder, death and life struggle, which helps in presenting the novel in a multi-faceted perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial capability refers to a person's capacity to manage their ongoing financial requirements in accordance with their evolving interests. In particular during the current economic depression, policymakers and researchers have challenging financial situations. This essay's goal is to discuss how to gauge financial aptitude with a particular emphasis on four broad areas: budgeting, staying informed, selecting products, and preparing ahead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sedimentary charcoal is a useful fire proxy. Recent advances in the morphological and morphometric analyses of individual charcoal particles have enabled more nuanced paleofire interpretations. However, many uncertainties exist regarding the linkages of these particle characteristics with fuel type burned. Further, most of this proxy development research has been conducted in northern boreal biomes, which poses questions as to its universality. In this paper, we leverage a 300-year sediment record from a mill pond in southeastern Virginia, USA. Historical events and land-use changes are well constrained in Williamsburg, allowing us to compare our data with these known boundary conditions to (1) make inferences about the fuel sourcing of certain charcoal morphotypes, and (2) identify the potential controls of several charcoal morphometric characteristics. We found that the morphology and morphometry of particles in the Matoaka sediments changed in response to broad-scale shifts of historical land use and population. Prior to the American Revolutionary War (ca. 1780 CE), charcoal morphologies indicative of agricultural burning coincided with agricultural and local population expansion. Immediately preceding the American Civil War (1780–1865 CE), charcoal in Lake Matoaka recorded reforestation driven by depopulation and economic depression. After the fall of the Confederacy (ca. 1865 CE), changing charcoal morphologies reflected increased population and urban development. This increase became especially pronounced in the early 1900s, but lasted until the modern. Additionally, shifts of charcoal morphologies potentially reflect increased coal combustion. Comparison of these historical variations with morphotype shifts shows that Types M and S/B charcoal, types defined by their geometric shapes and exhibition of structure, are likely sourced from burning herbaceous fuels. However, we find that the variability of morphometric characteristics makes it unlikely that other morphologies are sourced from sole fuel types. Lastly, we propose three additional morphotypes, Types AI (angular and irregular shaped particles), E (irregular, complex shaped particles), and T (triangular particles), to an existing charcoal morphological key for application in the SE USA. Overall, this research underscores the need for more work calibrating paleofire methodologies in the SE USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Necessity is the mother of inflation." The prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has posed the issue of huge inflation and economic depression all around the world. The ability to sustain economic growth and progress towards the direction of Atmanirbhar Bharat requires a combination of rapid growth, long-term stability and also a check on inflation. The Atmanirbhar Bharat has its centre of gravity focused on the economic growth of the country. There are various pillars of Atmanirbhar Bharat, such as economy, infrastructure, system, demography and demand. Inflation is one of the crucial issue that creates uncertainty in the market and makes it difficult for businesses to move forward. The main objective of the present study is to understand the role of inflation in successful accomplishments of the targets of the Atmanirbhar Bharat mission. This paper also analyses the recent scenario of inflation in India and its impact. As per the study findings, the lives of the middle and lower classes are severely impacted by inflation. Finally, it concludes that massive, successful and long-term government actions are required to control inflation. New employment policies have prevented or reduced inflation in the global economy, which has a good effect on people's quality of life all over the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While research has investigated the effects of the Great Recession on the Irish economy using economic indicators or cross-sectional household-level data, this research note applies group-based multitrajectory modelling to provide a more nuanced approach. Using nationally representative, longitudinal data from the Growing Up in Ireland study, we analyse patterns in three common measures of economic well-being (financial strain; disposable income; material deprivation) across Irish households in the period leading up to, during and after the Great Recession, and subsequently, break down the characteristics for each group of trajectories. We identify six distinct trajectory clusters, which all indicate declining income and increasing financial strain from the start to the height of the economic depression. However, trajectory groupings show that experiences were far from uniform, with previous economic well-being and demographic characteristics shaping the household experience. Implications for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Economic cyclicality is inherent both to the functioning of the financial market in general, and to its albeit new and relatively young, but integral component – the cryptocurrency market. Every economic entity that plans to invest or already invests in the cryptocurrency market is interested in answers to the number of questions: what are the reasons for the cryptocurrency coins prices fall and for the cryptocurrency market capitalization decrease during the crisis and depression; what are the reasons for future growth in the cryptocurrency market during the period of revival and elevation; which indicators "signal" the beginning of crisis / depression or revival /elevation periods in the cryptocurrency market. In this article, we will try to answer these questions. Scientific research analysis. Although there is a significant interest in society to study the investing possibilities in cryptocurrency coins at various phases of the economic cycle, scientific economic research in this area is insufficient. The theoretical principles of the study of the average economic cycle phases are reflected in the scientific works of such scientists as S. V. Mocherny, O. O. Mamalui, O. A. Hrytsenko, L. V. Hryshchenko, G. Yu. Darnopyh and others. The aim of the study. The purpose of scientific research is a theoretical analysis of the effective investment possibility in the cryptocurrency market in various phases of economic cycles to ensure the most likely positive economic effect. The realization of the goal involves determining the optimal timing for medium and long-term investment in cryptocurrency coins. Research methodology and methods. The following special research methods were used: direct observation was carried out to collect the information about the Fed discount rate and the value of the Ether cryptocurrency during 26.02.2022 – 14.12.2022; applied information processing methods to develop tables of linear dependence of the Ether crypto coin value from the Fed's discount rate from 26.02.2022 to 14.12.2022; to determine the tightness of the relationship between the Ether cryptocurrency coin's value dynamics and the Fed's discount rate, a method of analytical work was used to calculate the correlation coefficient between the Ether cryptocurrency coin's value and the Fed's discount rate. Results of the research. The cryptocurrency market, like any other market, is subject to cyclical fluctuations and all four phases of the economic cycle – crisis, depression, revival and elevation. The cryptocurrency market actively reacts to military, political and economic events. The beginning of the crisis phase in the cryptocurrency market coincided with the beginning of the conventional Russian-Ukrainian war and the beginning of an active increase in the Federal Reserve System's discount rate as a mean of curbing inflation in the United States. The calculated value of the linear correlation coefficient r = – 0.807 indicates the presence of a close inverse relationship between the growth of the Fed's discount rate and the decrease in the value of the Ether cryptocurrency. Despite the significant decrease in the cryptocurrency market capitalization and the decrease in the cryptocurrencies value in the phases of crisis and depression, there are significant prerequisites for the onset of revival and elevation phases. Therefore, in the phase of depression, it is advisable to make medium and long-term investments in crypto-assets. Scientific novelty of the research results. Different phases of the average economic cycle in the cryptocurrency market in 2022 and the impact on the change and course of the phases of the economic cycle of the conventional Russian-Ukrainian conflict are considered. The phases of the economic cycle in the cryptocurrency market must be studied in order to effectively choose the most successful timing for cryptocurrency investment in the medium and long term. Practical significance of the obtained research results. According to the author, medium- and long-term investing in cryptocurrency coins is most successful in the depression phase. The obtained results of this scientific economic research will be extremely useful for use by economic entities in the practical activity of cryptoinvesting. The article contains: formulas: 3, fig. 1, table 1, ref. 10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]