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This article analyzes how different activisms in Chile – feminists, LGTBIQ+, anti-hegemonic masculinities, and groups opposing sexual and reproductive rights – contested the gender order during the country’s constituent process, which unfolded between 2020 and 2023. In particular, we explore the way in which anti-abortion groups mobilized, showing that they not only oppose the interruption of pregnancy, but they also try to re-signify gender as a social construct. From the logic of methodological assemblage, we combined the observation of street demonstrations and digital ethnography through a series of interviews with cyber-activists of “pro-life” organizations. From the analysis conducted on the practices and discourses of these groups, three types of political operations have been identified: a redefinition of the framework of rights at stake when debating abortion; a broadening of the affected subject otherwise restricted to the fetus; and a resignification of feminism. These findings allow us to conclude that such activisms do not represent “anti-gender” positions but rather correspond to a neoconservative gender countermovement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Indigenous justice in Ecuador is a topic of great relevance and complexity that reflects the cultural and legal richness of indigenous peoples. Its recognition in the 2008 Constitution emphasizes the need to respect and preserve the traditions and values of each community. This community-based system, grounded in participation and immediacy, offers a holistic approach to conflict resolution. However, it is essential that these processes respect human and constitutional rights, ensuring due process, impartiality, and transparency. The active participation of women and the protection of their rights are key aspects that must be considered within the framework of indigenous justice and its internal regulations. This research applies deductive, inductive, analytical, and bibliographic methods to delve into indigenous justice and its relationship with due process. The aim is to understand and preserve the different perspectives and approaches in this area, thereby enriching the understanding of its functioning and impact. Finally, it is concluded that indigenous justice must balance the preservation of cultural traditions with respect for universal rights and social and legal development. This implies considering social evolution in Ecuador, promoting a respectful understanding of the cultural and legal diversity that characterizes the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual orientation and gender identity are fundamental aspects of every individual's life, protected within the framework of human rights. Unfortunately, both categories persist as recurring grounds for discrimination, violence, and oppression, at times perpetuated even by normative regulations. In this context, education plays a crucial role in emphasizing values such as coexistence, diversity, cooperative learning, and empathy to prevent heterosexism. Educators, therefore, must have training that ensures the creation of safe, reliable, and protective learning environments for all students. It is imperative that every student has the right to develop and socialize without fear of exclusion. The focus of this study is to analyze the consensus and acceptance among experts regarding the factors influencing gender identity in the educational context, using the neutrosophic statistical method. As a result, it was concluded that a reform of current regulations is necessary, coupled with the implementation of human rights training programs, to eradicate deeply rooted prejudices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/context: To learn about the contributions of women of the organized Colombian diaspora in Catalonia to creating transnational practices in favor of peace and denunciation of human rights violations in Colombia. Specifically, we seek to identify the main actors, organizational spaces, and collective action repertoires developed by Colombian women in Catalonia. Therefore, we approach the literature on the political participation of migrant and exiled women from the perspective of political transnationalism. Methodology: This qualitative and participatory research study examines bibliographic and documentary sources, semi-structured interviews with Colombian women participating in the organized diaspora, and participant observation of mobilizations. Conclusions: The analysis and discussion of the results show that for some women, their participation is based on their exile and previous political involvement. For others, it is driven by the recognition of their condition as migrant subjects, as well as the different axes of inequality that cross them, which allows them to connect their individual discomfort with the collective discomfort of their country of origin and develop new interpretative frameworks and new repertoires of action aimed at sensitizing and influencing the Colombian socio-political reality. Originality: This research contribution allows for further debate on the transnational political role of migrations in a globalized world and what role women can play in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a theoretical reflection on Knowledge Management in the construction of peace from a Human Rights perspective in Constitutional Attention Groups in Colombia. The relationship and dynamic interaction of the Knowledge Management, peace and Constitutional Care Groups categories is proposed through the redefinition of social processes and interactions from the conception of territory. Among the results, it was possible to show that Knowledge Management becomes a powerful process for the recognition of community knowledge, dialogue with different cosmologies and the generation of new knowledge with the possibility of incidence and social transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to examine the Uruguayan prison system from a perspective of respect for human dignity. The situation of persons deprived of their liberty is critically approached, evaluating the conditions of prison institutions and the protection of their rights. Special emphasis is placed on the need to explore reforms necessary to bring the prison system into line with international human rights standards, proposing approaches that promote rehabilitation and safeguard the dignity of these individuals who continue to be part of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses undocumented migrant labour organising in a complicated context and site, the Vermont dairy industry, in relation to Tanya Basok's concept of "counter‐hegemonic human rights". Taking migrant rights organisation Migrant Justice in Burlington, Vermont as a case study, this work examines migrant labour organising that calls upon notions of human rights for economic migrants in the USA. Migrant Justice works through commodity chain labour organising that transcends the scale of the state, calls on moral geographies of consumption and production, and autonomously redistributes not just capital, but power, from the corporation down to workers. An analysis of literature on migrant human rights in relation to labour organising will lead us to problematise mainstream human rights discourse, explore alternative conceptions of rights, and understand the liberatory components of the "counter‐hegemonic" employment of human rights by subversive actors, which may truly hold the potentials that mainstream human rights discourse claims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to propose a sentencing model with a gender perspective for judges, which contributes to guaranteeing the application of women's human rights and reducing errors in sentences, such as: revictimization, poor access to justice, discrimination, as well as gender stereotypes or prejudices that can affect judicial reasoning. The methodological design of this study is based on the qualitative paradigm based on the data collection technique and a descriptive legal content analysis of specialized guidelines in the doctrinal and normative field, as well as thirty sentences for gender-based crimes in the period 2020-2023 issued by the Judicial Branch of the State of Michoacán. As a result, a guide or model of sentencing in criminal matters is proposed so that judges can identify and apply it in cases where gender violence has been proven, this will make it possible to have a more precise and solid judgment in its argumentation, as well as to meet the main criteria for the protection of women's human rights before the corpus iuris of law on the matter [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city of Puebla has established itself as a place prone to conservative groups, either from civil society or from the public administration. In recent years, one of the problems for these conservatives' groups has been the regulation or eradication of sex work specifically from the streets of the historic center of the city. Thus, proposals have emerged to arbitrarily and violently exclude people who perform sex work through the creation of "tolerance zones", which, beyond offering a safe space for sex workers, emerge as manifestations of social and sexual segregation that start from the obligatory nature of the heteronomy up to the biopolitical exercise of managing to a segment of the population with precarious economics situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The convergence between gender and race demands prevention and sanction mechanisms that consider the intersectional violence experienced by Afrodescendent women at the University of Costa Rica (UCR) when they suffer sexual harassment, in order to avoid the psychosocial effects that this violence causes. Objective: To establish intersectionality as the central axis of analysis in the development of effective tools for the prevention and the sanction of sexual harassment, considering the confluence of gender and race, in order to avoid re-victimization in Afro-descendent students at the UCR. Method: From a qualitative approach, three research methods were used -analysis, comparative and systematic- in order to establish the relationships and implications of intersectionality in the development of tools to prevent and sanction sexual harassment in Afro-university women. For this purpose, documentary reviews were carried out based on secondary sources (books, journal articles, newspapers, and regulations)³ and primary sources (semi-structured surveys)4 . Results: The documentary review showed that 25 secondary sources were useful to explain the sections of this case, and the semi-structured surveys showed that 91.67% of the interviewees indicated the necessity of to simplify the reporting process in order to avoid revictimization. Conclusions: The intersectional perspective allows addressing situations of sexual harassment from the complexity and particularity of Afro-descendant women. Therefore, we conclude that it is essential to analyze this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This article seeks to build bridges between two fields of inquiry and intervention that, at the level of academia and international organizations, were so far unconnected: evaluations with a human rights approach and evaluations of participatory processes. Within this framework, we aimed to build criteria and indicators to evaluate the institutional mechanisms of citizen participation from a human rights perspective. Methodology: We carry out a theoretical and normative review through which we identify the defining characteristics of evaluations with a human rights approach and how to apply them in the evaluation of participatory mechanisms. Results: We develop a conceptual and operational framework to evaluate citizen participation mechanisms from human rights standards and dimensions and we build a matrix of indicators (quantitative and qualitative; objective and subjective; of structure, processes and results) that will allow to incorporate different sources and perspectives into the evaluation of these experiences. Conclusions: These criteria and indicators aim to contribute to international monitoring processes referring to the right to citizen participation and serve the purposes of citizenship to demonstrate and claim in cases of non-compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Estado & Comunes, revista de politicas y problemas publicos is the property of Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales (IAEN) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Andares: Revista de Derechos Humanos y de la Naturaleza is the property of Quito Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar, Sede Ecuador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Andares: Revista de Derechos Humanos y de la Naturaleza is the property of Quito Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar, Sede Ecuador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Foro Revista de Derecho is the property of Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar, Sede Ecuador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Water & Landscape (WAL) / Agua & Territorio (AYT) is the property of Editorial de la Universidad de Jaen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este estudio se propuso analizar las persistentes violaciones a los derechos humanos dentro del sistema penal mexicano, a pesar de las reformas implementadas. El objetivo principal fue examinar el papel del control social formal en la prevención y represión del delito, así como evaluar la eficacia del derecho penal sustantivo y adjetivo en la protección de los derechos fundamentales. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, se realizó una revisión de la literatura especializada, informes de organizaciones internacionales y nacionales. Los resultados revelan que, a pesar de los avances normativos, persisten prácticas como la tortura, las detenciones arbitrarias y las condiciones inhumanas de reclusión. Estas violaciones se ven agravadas por la falta de independencia judicial, la corrupción y la impunidad. El análisis del derecho penal sustantivo y adjetivo mostró que, si bien existen avances en la legislación, persisten problemas como la imprecisión de algunos tipos penales, la sobrecarga de trabajo de los operadores del sistema y la falta de recursos. En conclusión, el sistema penal mexicano enfrenta desafíos significativos en la protección de los derechos humanos. Se requiere una reforma integral que aborde las causas estructurales de las violaciones, fortalezca la independencia judicial, profesionalice a las fuerzas policiales y garantice el acceso a la justicia. Asimismo, es fundamental promover una cultura de legalidad y respeto a los derechos humanos.

En el presente artículo se analiza la forma en que los diferentes activismos en Chile – feministas, LGTBIQ+, masculinidades antihegemónicas y grupos que se oponen a los derechos sexuales y reproductivos– disputaron el orden de género durante el proceso constituyente del país, desarrollado entre 2020 y 2023. En particular, se explora el modo en que los grupos antiabortistas se movilizaron con el fin de comprender que no solo se oponen a la interrupción del embarazo, sino que tratan de resignificar el género como constructo social. Desde la lógica del ensamblaje metodológico, se combinó la observación de manifestaciones callejeras y la etnografía digital, a través de una serie de entrevistas a ciberactivistas de organizaciones “provida”. A partir del análisis realizado sobre las prácticas y discursos de estos grupos, se han identificado tres tipos de operaciones políticas: una redefinición del marco de los derechos en juego al debatir sobre el aborto; una ampliación del sujeto afectado restringido al feto; y una resignificación del feminismo. Estos hallazgos permiten concluir que tales activismos, más que a posiciones “antigénero”, corresponden a un contramovimiento neoconservador de género.

La trata de personas, una forma moderna de esclavitud, afecta a millones en todo el mundo, violando derechos fundamentales. Esta investigación se centró en analizar la lucha por los derechos humanos y la justicia en la protección de la vulnerabilidad humana frente a la trata de personas. Se utilizó un enfoque de revisión y el análisis de contenido, se recuperaron 101 estudios, de los cuales se seleccionaron 25 que abordaban directamente la trata desde una perspectiva socio-jurídica. Las categorías emergentes incluyeron "Trata de personas y explotación: La vulnerabilidad humana", "Migración y fronteras: La complejidad e impacto humano de la migración", y "Derechos humanos y delitos: La justicia y la reparación en la lucha contra la trata y la explotación de personas". Los resultados sugieren que abordar la trata de personas requiere un enfoque multidisciplinario y colaborativo, destacando la necesidad de medidas de protección, prevención, y estrategias de cooperación entre gobiernos, organizaciones, empresas y la comunidad internacional. Se concluye que la lucha contra esta práctica demanda esfuerzos constantes y coordinados para prevenir y combatir eficazmente la trata de personas.

El presente artículo tiene por objeto analizar desde una perspectiva humanista la figura de la acción penal por particular que se consagra en las actuales leyes Mexicanas, lo cual se abordará desde las perspectivas; denominativas, gubernamentales y de formalidad legal, para así, mediante estos factores, dirimir si el proceso establecido por los legisladores garantiza la seguridad jurídica y equidad procesal de quienes desempeñan el papel de acusados, imputados o indiciados, de la misma manera, el derecho de la víctima, garantizando su equidad procesal y estado de derecho. Para desarrollar esta investigación, se utilizó una metodología jurídica dogmática, la cual implicó el análisis crítico y sistemático de las normas jurídicas, la doctrina y la jurisprudencia relacionadas con el tema de estudio. Se emplearon diversas técnicas de investigación, como el análisis de textos legales, la consulta de bibliografía especializada y la revisión de jurisprudencia relevante. Obteniendo como resultado que, la acción penal por particular, si bien representa un avance en la tutela de los derechos de las víctimas, debe ser implementada y ejercida con extrema cautela y dentro de un marco legal robusto que proteja los derechos de todas las partes involucradas.

El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer la situación jurídico-protectora y perfil caracterológico de los adolescentes, de la región de Los Lagos (Chile), que ingresaron en Programas de Intervención Especializada para Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes (PAS), área de protección de derechos de la niñez, entre 2020 y 2022, cuarentena y postcuarentena del COVID19. Tiene un enfoque cuantitativo analítico-explicativo y no experimental, basado en el análisis de información documental de fuentes primarias: carpetas individuales y registros del Servicio Mejor Infancia. Buscamos comprender este fenómeno, desde la perspectiva de los derechos humanos y la victimización terciaria, utilizando análisis de regresión logística multifactorial con SPSS®-21.0. Los resultados revelan un número significativo de adolescentes atendidos y correlaciones significativas entre la duración de la participación en el sistema de protección, estructura familiar, etapa de desarrollo, género y su vulnerabilidad académica. Existe una tendencia caracterológica y de protección jurídica coincidente entre los adolescentes hospitalizados en PAS.

Copyright of Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of DADOS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El presente artículo persigue dar cuenta de las intervenciones que se han llevado a cabo en el Estadio Nacional desde su declaratoria como monumento histórico en calidad de sitio de memoria el año 2003, momento en que comienza un proceso efectivo de resignificación por su condición como centro de detención, tortura y exterminio. Esto, en relación al contexto de los grandes eventos deportivos y en forma especial de los Juegos Panamericanos y Parapanamericanos Santiago 2023, cuando opera la mayor transformación ocurrida en el recinto, desde su creación en 1938, que coincide con la conmemoración de los cincuenta años del golpe de Estado. A partir de estas intervenciones, se busca evidenciar en qué medida se hacen cargo de su condición patrimonial, y ponen en valor el Sitio de memoria, a la vez que presentan una oportunidad en materia de educación en derechos humanos.

Abstract: Transitional justice from below in Guatemala: Experience of the Association for Justice and Reconciliation Although criminal accountability is a central component of transitional justice (TJ), the way it converges or clashes with the practices and expectations of those affected by extreme violence is not always clear. What collective processes lead communities to embrace and pursue legal cases? What challenges does the involvement of historically violated and marginalized populations entail? In this article, we analyse the experience of an organization of survivors of the Guatemalan armed conflict that has been key to filing lawsuits for genocide. Based on the perspectives of its members, we highlight the importance of local and international intermediaries for the formation and persistence of the group, and we explore the challenges to its continuity. Our findings suggest the need to delve deeper into the contradictions between TJ and the diversity of indigenous conceptions of justice, economic constraints and gender inequities that limit the mobilisation of male and female survivors. Resumen Aunque la responsabilización penal es un componente central de la justicia transicional (JT), no siempre es nítido el modo en que converge o choca con las prácticas y expectativas de las víctimas de atrocidades masivas. ¿Qué procesos colectivos explican la adopción y sosteni-miento de causas legales en contextos comunitarios? ¿Qué desafíos conlleva el involucramien-to de poblaciones históricamente violentadas y marginalizadas? En este artículo analizamos la experiencia de una organización de sobrevivientes del conflicto armado guatemalteco que fue clave para posicionar demandas judiciales por genocidio. Con base en las perspectivas de sus integrantes destacamos la centralidad de los intermediarios locales e internacionales para la conformación y persistencia del grupo, y exploramos los retos para su continuidad. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de profundizar las contradicciones entre la JT y la diversidad de concepciones de justicia indígenas, así como las constricciones económicas y desigualdades de género que limitan la movilización de hombres y mujeres sobrevivientes.

Los políticos independentistas catalanes condenados por el Tribunal Supremo en 2019 interpusieron demandas contra el Estado ante el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos (TEDH) alegando la violación de derechos del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos. El examen de estas demandas ha coincidido temporalmente con el debate de la Proposición de Ley de Amnistía en las Cortes Generales. En este contexto, surgen dudas sobre si la amnistía podría conllevar la pérdida del estatus de víctima de los políticos independentistas, lo cual llevaría al TEDH a inadmitir las demandas. Este artículo examina el régimen jurídico del estatus de víctima, mostrando que el TEDH generalmente exige dos condiciones para que una medida como la amnistía pueda suponer la pérdida del estatus de víctima de un demandante: primero, que reconozca y, segundo, que repare la violación de derechos alegada. El análisis también revela que las demandas relativas a derechos del artículo 6 están sujetas a una regla especial menos restrictiva. Aplicando estas reglas, se concluye que la amnistía no hará perder el estatus de víctima de los políticos independentistas, de manera que no impedirá que el TEDH se pronuncie sobre el fondo de sus demandas.

El texto se basa en los argumentos expuestos en los distintos informes presentados, hasta ahora, en calidad de relator especial de las Naciones Unidas sobre los derechos humanos al agua potable y al saneamiento. Se parte de la paradoja que supone la crisis vigente de acceso al agua potable en un planeta en el que el agua es abundante, para identificar tres desafíos clave: hacer las paces con nuestros ríos, acuíferos y ecosistemas acuáticos; hacer del agua un argumento para la paz y la cooperación entre los pueblos; y promover una gobernanza democrática del agua, entendida como un bien común y no como una mercancía. En relación con este último desafío se propone la asignación de distintos rangos éticos para la priorización de los usos del agua. A continuación, se promueve afrontar el cambio climático y gestionar los ecosistemas acuáticos y el agua como bienes comunes, garantizando la sostenibilidad desde un enfoque basado en los derechos humanos. Frente a este enfoque, se apuntan los riesgos que derivan de la privatización, mercantilización y financiarización del agua. Se concluye argumentando la necesidad de promover acuerdos e instituciones transfronterizas para gestionar cuencas y acuíferos compartidos, al tiempo que denunciando el uso del agua como arma contra la población civil en guerras como la de Gaza.

El Tratado de Lausana de 1923 es el único convenio internacional aún en vigor que procede del sistema de protección de minorías establecido tras la Primera Guerra Mundial. En el Tratado, varios derechos son reconocidos a las minorías musulmanas y no musulmanas de Grecia y Turquía respectivamente con el ánimo de garantizarles un trato no discriminatorio y el mantenimiento de su identidad diferenciada. Este trabajo pretende, por una parte, analizar el grado de cumplimiento del convenio después de cien años de vigencia y, por otra parte, identificar sus especificidades tanto en su redacción inicial como en su aplicación posterior. Para cumplir con el primer objetivo realizaremos un análisis jurídico del cumplimiento de los derechos sobre minorías previstos en el Tratado utilizando fuentes normativas, doctrinales y jurisprudenciales concurrentes. Para abordar el segundo objetivo es necesario analizar otros documentos jurídicos previos, datos básicos y la doctrina más experta en la interpretación de las variables histórico-políticas que han acompañado al Tratado en estos cien años. El trabajo también se propone, complementariamente, extender en lengua española el conocimiento sobre este importante documento y su contexto político. Para ello, en primer lugar, presentaremos el contexto histórico político en el que se inserta el Tratado. Posteriormente, recordaremos los dos documentos derivados de la Conferencia de Lausana de 1923, con atención a los derechos reconocidos a las minorías. En la parte central del artículo sistematizaremos las principales controversias jurídicas y prácticas que plantean la interpretación y aplicación del Tratado durante estos cien años. Finalmente, plantearemos las conclusiones principales del análisis realizado a la luz del impacto efectivo del Tratado sobre las minorías protegidas. El contenido y la interpretación oficial del Tratado muestran una importante herencia ideológica del sistema otomano de los Millet, cuyas consecuencias se proyectan hasta la actualidad. Esta tradición y una inadecuada interpretación de la reciprocidad han condicionado extraordinariamente la aplicación del régimen de protección previsto en el Tratado, dando lugar a numerosos incumplimientos y controversias que han impedido que pudiera resultar eficaz. La realidad actual demuestra que las disposiciones sobre minorías del Tratado de Lausana no han cumplido su objetivo inicial y que es necesaria una reinterpretación de aquellas de acuerdo con los desarrollos jurídicos y políticos producidos sobre la protección de las personas pertenecientes a minorías. La desconfianza de los dos países obligados respecto a las minorías en su territorio está en la base de una aplicación deficiente de las normas protectoras de este convenio. Esta desconfianza responde a una construcción de la identidad nacional basada fundamentalmente en la religión y a la fuerte identificación del estado con dicha identidad nacional. Aunque ello no es exclusivo de Grecia y Turquía, analizar el origen y evolución de este Tratado en estos cien años permite entender el posicionamiento de estos estados frente a su diversidad interna y plantear la necesidad de una reinterpretación del contenido del Tratado a la luz de la protección de los derechos humanos.

En 1993 Sofía Tiscornia junto a las investigadoras María Victoria Pita, Josefina Martínez, Carla Villalta y María José Sarrabayrouse Oliveira forman un equipo de investigación que luego se transformó en el Programa de Antropología Política y Jurídica del Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Este artículo recorre la historia de este Programa a partir de una entrevista abierta que Florencia Corbelle y Soledad Gesteira les realizaron a sus fundadoras durante unas jornadas internas en marzo de 2022 y de documentos referidos a la historia del mismo. Conocer la historia del Programa de Antropología Política y Jurídica permite comprender las inspiraciones teóricas y las redes y alianzas que fueron construyendo, al mismo tiempo que hace evidente un modo particular de pensar la investigación y la producción de conocimiento en diálogo con diversos actores y organizaciones que se inscriben dentro del campo del activismo de los derechos humanos.

La ciudadanía, entendida como una relación política y jurídica, y la apatridia, considerada como una situación negativa de ciudadanía, han sido temas tratados ampliamente en las Ciencias Sociales, principalmente desde las perspectivas de la Política y el Derecho, sin embargo, es notable la falta de análisis de estos fenómenos desde una perspectiva de teoría social. Este artículo de reflexión propone un análisis, desde las teorías sociales, de las diversas comprensiones sobre la ciudadanía, en aras de una argumentación que tribute a la justificación de la necesidad social de prevenir el riesgo de apatridia. Se parte de la consideración del objeto de estudio desde los enfoques del paradigma epistemológico socio-crítico, para lo cual se reflexiona sobre la compresión de la ciudadanía y de la apatridia a través de la evolución de las teorías objetivistas, subjetivistas, constructivistas y de la estructuración. Se propone una definición sociológica de la ciudadanía como el conjunto de interacciones políticas y jurídicas entre dos sujetos, en torno a un mismo Estado. Además, se concluye que los discursos de los derechos humanos, en general, y del acceso a una ciudadanía como derecho humano, en especial, constituyen estructuras estructurantes de una solución a la apatridia desde la teoría social.

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a study on restorative justice as an innovative approach in the legal system that focuses on accountability, reparation of the harm caused, and reintegration of the adolescent offender with a focus on human rights. This perspective seeks to promote personal responsibility, dialogue, and reconciliation between the offender, the victim, and the community in general. Through restorative juvenile justice, the aim is not to punish the young person's behavior, but to address the underlying causes of his or her delinquent behavior and provide the opportunity for positive reintegration into society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article seeks to show to what extent the fundamental rights of the faithful constitute a significant argument for universal juridical culture, that is, an application of universal juridical principles, especially with regard to human rights. To this end, common grounds are identified between the field of the fundamental rights of the faithful and that of human rights: the natural dignity of the person elevated to the supernatural order, the application of a univocal concept of law. The possible reciprocal influences between the two spheres are also explored, highlighting the importance of an objective and ontological vision of law, such as that provided by canon law, for an adequate culture of human rights; and the need to strengthen in the Church the positive impulse that can come from this culture, particularly the achievements of juridical civilization in the procedural and penal spheres. The article concludes by highlighting the essence of right as a juridical good that is implicit in the notion of personal rights, and the distinction between concrete juridical goods and fundamental juridical goods of an abstract nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from an approach based on the risks that the processing of biometric data and biometric AI systems imply for human rights, the protection of human rights is analysed in the legislation on the protection of personal data and in the Proposal for a Regulation on Artificial Intelligence of the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be integrated into the care of dependent and disabled people in Spain, highlighting its capacity to promote autonomy and person-centred care. Inspired by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the document proposes a shift from the institutionalised care model to a more community and homeintegrated one, where technology, especially AI, plays a crucial role. The benefits and risks of AI in care are discussed, such as improving quality of life and service efficiency, while raising the need for careful analysis to avoid discrimination and ensure respect for human rights. In addition, examples of current technologies, such as home care robots and remote monitoring systems, are detailed, showing the increasing integration of AI in the field of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The objective of this article is to analyse the policy of the European Union regarding forced migration and human trafficking from Africa through the Central Mediterranean, which is the deadliest migratory crossing in the world. This analysis evaluates the results derived from applying two policies, the first based on border security, and the second, based on the implementation of the Sustainable Territorial Development Index, (IDTS), as the basis of migration governance between the EU and the African states. Recognising that this migratory flow is a consequence of economic differentials between the countries of origin and destination, humanitarian crises, failed states or environmental devastation. The applied research methodology is descriptive and exploratory. The theoretical framework is based on the Realist theory that favours the sovereign action of the State and the theory of World Systems to explain that the E.U. has opted for securitisation, by managing to reduce irregular migration, but without counteracting the causes of this migratory flow. Therefore, a solution is proposed that goes to the origin of the problem, by proposing that the E.U. with countries of migratory origin work towards sustainable development, fair trade and technology transfer based on the IDTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]