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Identifying pesticide residues in fruits is essential to both regulatory compliance and food safety. For this use, liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry, or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), is an advanced analytical method that provides excellent sensitivity and specificity. This work offers a thorough procedure for employing LC-MS/MS to extract, clean up, and quantify various pesticide residues in fruit samples. The QuEChERS technique, which uses acetonitrile and a salting-out step for effective partitioning, first homogenizes the fruit samples before extracting them. Dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) then eliminates matrix interferences from the extract. I went to the Sardar market in Surat and picked some fruits, such as watermelons, oranges, and grapes. Next, the homogenised extract was made. LC-MS/MS uses liquid chromatography to separate the pesticides from the cleaned extract, while tandem mass spectrometry uses precursor ion fragmentation and product ion detection to provide thorough mass analysis. Calibration curves built using established pesticide standards enable accurate quantification. This technique shows great performance in simultaneously detecting trace amounts of many pesticides, ensuring the robustness and dependability required for food safety evaluations. Pesticide residue analysis using LC-MS/MS guarantees adherence to strict regulatory limitations, protecting consumer health in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), a phytohormone, has been considered as the most important native auxin. The Amla (Phyllanthus emblica Linn.) serve as an abundance of IAA-producing sources fungus and produce significant quantities of IAA in tryptophan-added medium. Different concentration of L-tryptophan between 1, 2 and 5 mg/ml were chosen for the IAA production. The study shows that the corresponding L-tryptophan concentration was associated with a progressive rise in IAA generation. The impact on IAA production was anticipated to last up to 10 days, with the maximum IAA production being shown in an incubation period of 15 days. Four isolates in total were found to be IAA-producing strains, two of these produced IAA through medium components, and physical conditions were tuned for IAA production. The Amla stem and leaf tissues have the strongest growth-promoting effect in Aspergillus ustus (72 g/20 ml) among the isolates. The positive effects on crop development and yield are attributed to the presence of such growth-promoting fungus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ipomoea carnea Jacq. subsp. fistulosa (Mart. ex Choisy) extracts were tested using the well in agar method against Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizopus stolonifer to find out their antifungal activity. Chloroform, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of leaf, stem, and root bark were used in the in vitro studies. All organs of selected plant with different extracts showed variable antifungal activity. Maximum activity was seen with the Leaves alcoholic extract, however minimal activity was found in the root extract (aqueous) with the test fungus. All test organisms showed radial growth inhibition in response to the extracts being added to the culture medium. The test organisms responded differently to the various extracts, but in overall, growth inhibition shows stronger with each extract's concentration. In plant and organisms, the antifungal activity was discovered to be in ascending from root bark then stem bark and highest in leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The forest areas in Union territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli (U.T.'s of DNH) has a wide variety of flora available, which contains several medicinal values known to the local tribes. Hence, it was thought of interest to survey the area for such plants and study their therapeutic values. An ethnomedicinal survey at a different remote area among the local communities of forest was carried out and details of the plants used in the folk medicine in Dadra and Nagar Haveli is presented in this work. Ethnobotanical surveys were made frequently for few years in favorable seasons of plants. Plants were identified by experts or by using established Flora. Details tabulated enumeration of 29 Genera with 30 Species belonging to 19 Angiosperm families have been studied. The verbal data of medicinal practices by tribals during survey has been gathered to record the plants being used traditionally by tribes to treat common human ailments such as common cold, fever, headache, hair and cutaneous eruptions, dental problems, complications in digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, nervous, orthopedic and venomous bites, etc. The information on ethnomedicinal uses of plants has been presented with their scientific names, habits, local name with site, present status, plant parts used in treatment with suitable methods. The plants with ethnobotanical value identified in this study needs immediate conservation, plantation and rearing of endangered species at their natural habitats or also farming to local level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Tribulus belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae comprises approximately 25 species that grow as prostrate. This study will collect Tribulus terrestris L. and Tribulus subramanyamii P. Singh, G.S. Giri & V. Singh. and analyzed for their macroscopic, microscopic and phytochemical properties. Selected plant species were collected from three geographical locations in Maharashtra State, India. To confirm the quality and authenticity of plants, standard pharmacognostic procedures described in standard reference books were used to conduct a comparative analysis of Tribulus sps. The current study examines pharmacognostic studies on its numerous parts, such as the stem, leaf, flower and fruit. The study shows the presence of unicellular trichomes on leaf section are substantially less denser in T. subramanyamii than T. terrestris. In numerous tests for qualitative analysis of distinct Tribulus sps. phytochemical substances such as alkaloids, starch, carbohydrates, tannin, saponins, glycosides, phenol, flavonoids, and proteins were found to be present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]