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The purpose of this paper is the sensory and physico-chemical characterization of craft ginger beer obtained under laboratory conditions. For this paper we prepared blonde beer (Indian Pale Ale - IPA) with ginger, the Ginger Beer assortment through the one-stage brewing method, in an amount of approximately 2 liters. The preparation resulted in a craft ginger beer with some insignificant defects (insufficient foaming, slightly high relative density, high acidity), defects explained by the too high temperature during primary fermentation and the continuation of secondary fermentation in bottles. On the other hand, the craft beer obtained has well-defined sensory qualities and is appreciated by the tasters (appearance, smell and taste), as well as a high alcoholic concentration, which qualitatively distinguishes it, compared to other commercial beers. Once these deficiencies are identified and rectified, the craft beer recipe experimented in the laboratory can be successfully replicated in any microenterprise, which has as its profile the production of craft beer and opens the way for experimentation and innovation of other recipes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The profile of antioxidant compounds of the analyzed extracts was investigated by chromatographic analysis using a Shimadzu Nexera X2 ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph (UHPLC) equipped with a Shimadzu DAD detector and a Nucleosil 100-3-C13 reversed-phase column. Measurements were performed in the wavelength range of 200-600 nm. The plant material subjected to extraction was hawthorn leaves (Vaccinum myrtills). Different solvent extracts were tested and we found that the 70% hydroalcoholic extracts have the highest content in antioxidant compounds, the content of the extracts varying between 8.05 – 3258.73 mg/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was an immunohistochemical assessment of the basement membrane antigen collagen IV (Col IV) in squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx and their respective nodal metastases. Forty radical laryngectomy specimens from 2009 to 2011 were randomly selected for this study. Tumor blocks were immunostained using the monoclonal antibody CIV 22 (Dako, Denmark). Col IV was evaluated using a semiquantitative morphometric method and graded according to its quantity and continuity. Col IV expression and epithelium-stroma interface (TESI) showed high significant differences between surface and deepness of larynx tumors. As for TESI, there was a strong relation between tumors with and without lymph node metastases. There was no correlation between desmoplasia and TESI disarrangement, but the latter had a high significant relation with histological grade. Col IV expression was independent of histological grading of the tumor. The results of the present study show an alterated distribution of collagen type IV with a significant loss in all cases of laryngeal cancer, reflecting tumor aggressiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microscopic diagnostic has an important role in treatment of patients with prostate cancer. In this retrospective study, including 295 primary prostatic tumours, the relation between histologic grading and some microscopic parameters (stromal desmoplasia, peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate, lymph node and vascular invasion) was analysed. There was no significant correlation between histologic grading, desmoplasia and inflammatory infiltrate. A significant relation was found between lymph node invasion and high grade prostate tumours. Desmoplasia, lymph and venous invasion were risk factors for Developing lymph node metastases [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells, and induce antigen-specific immune responses. DC are believed to evolve into tumor-antigen pulsed cells and then to migrate to local lymph nodes, where they activate anti-tumor immune responses. This theory is supported by studies showing that high DC densities are associated with favorable prognosis in some tumor types. In the present study, we evaluated 40 primary and metastatic laryngeal carcinomas for the presence of DC, using immunohistochemistry with the anti-S100 protein antibody. We analyzed the relationship between the degree of infiltration by S100-positive (S100+) DC and prognostic factors, including histological subtype, histological grade, peritumor inflammatory infiltration, and stromal desmoplasia. The results show that in all evaluated laryngeal cancers S100-positive cells were significantly more frequent in the tumor stroma. Primary tumors with nodal metastases showed more significant differences in intraepithelial and stromal DC distribution than tumors without nodal metastases. A significant higher S100+ DC was also noticed in the desmoplasic stroma of lymph nodes. The subtype with keratinization had a significant higher S100-positive cells infiltration than the adenoid÷transitional subtype. The infiltration rate of intraepithelial S100+ DC was much higher in well-differentiated (G1) tumors. No significant correlation between S100-positive cells and peritumoral inflammatory infiltration and stromal desmoplasia was found. In conclusion, dendritic cells need multiple, much more complex investigations. This work should be regarded as a preliminary investigation.