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The free movement of persons is one of the fundamental rights guaranteed within the European Union. The essence of this freedom lies in the elimination of discrimination between citizens of the Member State in whose territory they are and who are nationals of other Member States who are and work in the territory of the same State. These discriminations may concern entry, travel, employment, employment or remuneration. By ensuring a non-discriminatory regime on these issues, the free movement of persons in the community space is achieved. The Treaty also provides for a number of legal limitations on the free movement of persons. These limitations are justified by public, public security or public health reasons; It is also forbidden to participate in this state, even occasionally, in the exercise of public authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to read and explain the physiological status it is important to know the metabolic integrity of the animals by performing hematological and biochemical examinations. The cellular components of the blood reflect specific changes in an organ or system of the body, or most often an animal's response to certain physiological or pathological conditions. The research was carried out on for groups L1 - young females; L2 - young males; L3 - adult females; L4 - adult males in order to appreciate the biochemical values for evaluating the morphophysiological status before slaughtering horses and improving their welfare factors. The collection of blood samples was performed with the vacuum system. Biochemical parameters were determined by spectophotometry using the ACCENT 200. The biochemical profile analyzed before pre-slaughter demonstrate a good maintenance status, received a proper feeding, which reflects on the final meat quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the expansion of international relations between individuals and legal entities, it was necessary to regulate mechanisms of international recognition of subjective rights. Each national law system contains an array of conflicting rules that govern the conditions of international effectiveness of an acquired right abroad. At international level, there is a tendency to unify private international law through the development of common conventions in the framework of international organizations to facilitate the settlement of conflicts of laws in the field of private international law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The free movement of capital is a basic pillar of the Internal Market of the European Union, along with three other pillars, namely the free movement of goods, persons and services. The liberalization of capital movements in the European Union was achieved gradually, initially enshrined in the provisions of the Single European Act (1986), then in the Treaties of Maastricht (1992) and Lisbon (2009). At present, the content of this freedom is also extended in relations with third countries. The free movement of capital contributes to the overall economic development of the European Union and involves the use of the euro as an international currency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Multi-speed Europe" is the unofficial expression of enhanced cooperation not involving all Member States either because they do not want to opt-out to such cooperation or do not fulfill certain conditions for the envisaged cooperation. The concept of "enhanced cooperation" was introduced by the provisions of the Treaty of Amsterdam, which amends the original treaties by introducing the concept of flexibility, in the sense of regulating a "closer" or "enhanced" or "intensified" cooperation of a group of states, achieving a higher level of integration, without progress in this area being conditional on coordinated cooperation with other Member States. Enhanced cooperation is a procedural way in which a group of states can impose a different pace of development than the rest of the Member States in order to achieve the objectives proposed in the Community policies concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing citizens' mobility at an international level and, in particular, within the European Union has increased the number of families with an international dimension, ie families whose members have different citizenships or live in different states. When families are separated, international cooperation is required to protect the major interests of children resulting from marriage, in order to provide them with a secure legal environment to maintain relationships with persons who have parental responsibility towards them. Law systems have adopted specific regulations that establish how to determine the law applicable to family relationships with a foreign element. Within the European Union, uniform regulations have been adopted on family relationships with a foreign element (divorce with a foreign element being one of the regulated areas). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contemporary Legal Institutions is the property of Romanian American University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Human rights protection is achieved by using legal mechanisms and civil society through various activities. In international organizations, human rights protection concerns is the adoption of treaties, agreements, declarations and conventions that establish rules of conduct for states and signifies the commitment of the countries concerned to protect the rights of individuals. Also at international organizations, in addition to the legal framework for the protection of human rights and protection mechanisms are established, political or judicial. Human rights instruments adopted not all have the same legal value. The resolutions, even when called „Declaration," the value of recommendations, while conventions are binding on states that have ratified them, becoming part by such ratification. Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the central point of inspiration worldwide for human rights protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mainly sensory characteristics of cattle meat meet a number of factors that contribute to consumer acceptability in terms of its' repeatedly use. Therefore, identification of these factors attracted the attention of many researchers, knowing that tenderness, texture and flavor of meat are considered to be some of the most important physical and organoleptic characteristics thereof. In order to assess the sensory point of view of cattle were studied four groups (youth and adults ♂, respectively ♀ youth and adult) from which was harvested the Longissimus dorsi muscle. Baking samples that were previously prepared in the form of side 3cm cubes and sensory evaluation was conducted in a room with lights designed to mask the color differences that is not clear. By the overall analysis of texture parameters allowing higher values sensory assessment, we concluded that groups from young cattle are in principle positive appreciated as being less harsh resistance to the mastication being appreciated by a lower score. Of descriptors taste, its persistence has reached the highest values (53.95 ± 4.12), represented by the group L3. At the opposite is the acid taste that was perceived by tasters, with an average score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regarded as an alternative to other meat, horse meat must capitalize on an important aspect for the final consumer, that being the meat tenderness. The complex process which forms the meat texture is influenced by the structure, integrity and other factors internal or external, factors that may influence this process negatively or positively. In order to proposed determinations for characterize the texture of horse meat were studied two groups of muscle tissue: m. Longissimus dorsi, m. Semitendinosus, derived from four categories of animals: youth and adults ♂, respectively youth and adult ♀. To describe the textural profile of meat, in the study were analyzed the following parameters: hardness (N), cohesiveness, adhesiveness (J) gumminess (N), elasticity, chewing, specific parameters determined on the basis of mechanical tests that simulate conditions to which the meat is exposed to mastication. The meanings of statistical analyzes for horse meat lots analyzed showed differences for parameters toughness and cohesiveness between lots from those of females and adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the factors that offers and give an influence to the cattle meat tenderness caught the attention of many researchers because tenderness is considered to be one of the most important physical and organoleptic characteristics thereof. Tenderness and other parameters related to the texture of the meat are directly associated with myofibrillar protein structure, connective tissue content and the interaction between them. In order to assess the Warner Bratzler shear forces were studied four groups (youth and adults ♂, respectively youth and adult ♀) from which were harvested 4 groups of muscle tissue (Longissimus dorsi m., Semitendinosus m, Trapezius thoracis m., Biceps brahial m.). Necessary equipment for Warner Bratzler shear forces determination is represented by a monolamelar texturometer TA Plus Lloyd Instruments. Varying according to age of the animals, so on the collagen quantity that exist in the muscle and by the types of muscle fibers composing it, the tenderness of the muscles analyzed were significant differences between groups from females compared to the males, females being represented by the lowest values of shear forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The EU has developed legislation to protect the right to privacy. Protection of personal data is a way of guaranteeing the right to privacy. After the terrorist events that occurred in the US on September 11, 2001, the EU was forced to make a compromise to the regulations on fundamental human rights, consisting in adopting legislation allowing controls over electronic communications and telephone (Directive 2006/24 / EC), the risk of infringing the fundamental right to privacy. In 2014 Court of Justice of the European Union overturned the directive, which has consequences for the national measures implementing the Directive. In this context, the European Union must find solutions that simultaneously meet two goals: prevent terrorism and respect their privacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compounds which contribute to the taste and flavour of meat interact in a complex way thus influencing its perception in the moment of consumption. Inherent flavour of meat and meat products may be influenced by oxidation, lipid content, myoglobin, pH variations. Also, numerous research shows that animal feed influences the meat flavour of animals subjected to slaughter. Because of the close relationship between flavour and palatability of meat is very important that people, livestock producers and manufacturers to understand very well the factors that influence this feature. To achieve sensory evaluation of horse meat were studied four groups (youth and adults ♂ or ♀ youth and adult) collected from the Longissimus dorsi muscle. The samples were prepared in the form of cubes with a side of 3 cm, which were then subjected to baking. The meat was tasted in a room with lights aimed not to mask obvious color differences. Analyzing the sensory qualities of the horse meat, the smell of broth perceived by tasters was stronger in lot L3 with an average of 9.14 ± 0.91 and minimal odor intensity was recorded at lot L1 with an average of 6.20 ± 0 95. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researches performed on hematological parameters of blood reflects the adaptability of animals to adverse environmental conditions, to different stress factors influence. Physiological responses of the animal organism reflects how the welfare indicators are accomplished, indicators that are implicated to obtaining a superior quality of meat. To characterize the hematological profile were collected blood samples from the jugular vein of the cattle that were randomly selected from the slaughter house paddock. Determination of red blood cell (RBC, Hb, Ht, MCV, MCH, MCHC) and the white ones (WBC, Lym, Mon, N, Eosin, Baz) were made using the automatic analyzer ABX Micros Vet. So, it was possible to make comparisons with data from literature and framing them with existing normal values for cattle species. This study may contribute to the establishment and improvement of rest time effects on cattle that are transported to the slaughterhouse by adjusting the imbalances that occur in blood levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The actions promoted to the Court of Justice can be either against EU institutions, where they do not meet the provisions of treaties or improperly fulfill them or against Member States where they do not fulfill obligations under the Treaties. The action for annulment is one of the means by which the target jurisdictional legal acts of the EU institutions. The action for annulment has a particularly important role in ensuring European Community legal order. The action for annulment is an important way of ensuring the EU institutions duties in accordance with the fundamental legal acts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of polemics existing in Romania, starting from mass – media to specialised scientific profile, it is very difficult to affirm that one of the healthiest red meats is the horse meat. Having a low content of fat, rich in iron and containing omega 3 and 7 fatty acids, as some experts argue, the use of horse meat currently in the food industry creates controversy. The aim of this paper is to characterize the chemical composition of horse meat, on three muscle tissues, respectively, Longissimus dorsi, Semitendinosus and Deltoideus and harvested from a total of 10 horses slaughtered in a slaughterhouse in our country. The research was performed both males and females, the results being conclusive for this stage of work. This study brings valuable information regarding the nutritional value of horse meat, results that give us the possibility to compare this with other species that are slaughtered, such as cattle, pig. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protection and guarantee of rights fundamental human rights is a priority objective of international and national legislation. Because fundamental human rights can be exercised in practice, it is necessary a set of guarantees and mechanisms of national character, providing efficiency of these rights. While there separation of powers, the problem of security to each of the authorities holding state functions. In the center of judicial safeguards guaranteeing protection of human rights and the institution "Ombudsman", which helps maintain the security functions performed on human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Parliament is the voice of united nations in the European Union, being constituted by free, direct and democratic. Uses and the European Parliament is the institution that provides the widest representation of European citizens. The role and importance of the European Parliament involves a high degree of responsibility of MEPs, they benefit from a wide range of rights and privileges in the exercise of their functions in good condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Română de Drept European is the property of Wolters Kluwer Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fiducia is a legal institution brought into the Romanian national legislation by the entry into force of the New Civil Code. Introducing the institution of fiducia in the national law is the result of adapting national legislation to the new today's legal and economic realities. The new Civil Code includes regulations applicable to fiducia with / without extraneity element. Regulation of this new institution has theoretical and practical significance as the procedure is a way of protection from creditors. Applying these regulations to particular factual situations requires knowledge and analysis of specific elements of fiducia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrity tests were initiated by the General Anticorruption Directorate within the Ministry of Administration and Interior and use, although the proposed since the establishment of this structure has been challenged in terms of challenging character that would have, and the impossibility of their use as evidence in litigation. Integrity testing is particularly important, as required by the registration of a large number of deviations from legal and professional conduct of the police, with the aim of determining their upright behavior. In the context of implementing the provisions of the National Anticorruption Strategy 2012 - 2015 was adopted "Methodology to identify risks and vulnerabilities to corruption within the MAI". As regards the application procedure required that tests be done so that their validity is not challenged in court, given the very low limit of integrity test applied by the DGA and criminal corruption, which fall under Prosecutor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This article proposes to analyze if the statements regarding the unconsciousness of the law state in Romania, as a reason for not being included in the Schengen Area, are susceptible when the evolution of the relations between Romania and the European International Structures have confirmed the beginning of the rule of law ui our country. Prior work: The special literature doesn't offer many documentaries regarding this subject because the statements that doubt the real existence of the law state in Romania are recent. Even so, the previous analyses show the rule of law in Romania only regarding the justice, without saying anything about the efficiency of these rules. Approach: We analyzed the way that the elements of the law state, as they have been identified in the international documents, are mentioned in the constitutional law in our country. Based on these documents, we analyzed if some risky elements towards the law state confirm or not the previous statements. Implications: The study is useful to highlight the institutional declmes and also to offer arguments in order to join the Schengen area. Value: The study wants to offer arguments in order to confirm or to infirm the statements that doubt the existence of the law state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the process of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" (Declaration on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 1992). Environmental protection is an integral part of the development process and central to the concerns of promoting sustainable development. International Society promotes sustainable development desideratum. The European Union has developed a sustainable development strategy centered on three major objectives: economic welfare, social stability and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]