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Pesticides, widely used for insect control in agriculture, public health, and veterinary medicine, are usually present as pollutants in aquatic environments. After contamination of water bodies, pesticides cause adverse effects on non-target organisms and long-term problems in the ecosystem. Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCH) is a chemical compound belonging to the family of synthetic pyrethroids (type II) and is an active ingredient in several insecticides. This study investigated the toxic effects (DNA damage) of LCH exposure on zebrafish for 24 and 72 h. After zebrafish (Danio rerio) were obtained commercially, acclimated, and adapted to laboratory conditions. They were randomly selected, transferred to the experimental aquariums (their average height is 2.51 ± 0.49 cm long, 10 L aquarium size of 10x20x35), and exposed to 0.1 mg/L LCH concentrations for 24 and 72 h. There was also a control and a solvent control group in the study, and whole body tissues of zebrafish were analyzed for 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG) determination (ng/100 mg tissue), using an Agilent LC-MS/MS with electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. It was observed that the whole-body 8-OHdG tissue values were significantly increased in the group exposed to LCH for 72 h (9.82 ± 1.44) compared with the control group (6.60 ± 1.78, p =.004). These results suggest that LCH could lead to oxidative DNA damage by causing an increase in 8-OHdG activities in zebrafish, one of the aquatic ecosystem model organisms, indicating that it may also cause undesirable effects on other non-target species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate if serum levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and CC chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17) correlate with disease activity in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and peripheral spondyloarthritis (pSpA) patients. Patients and methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted with 80 individuals (48 females, 32 males; mean age: 47.7±11.5 years) between March 2021 and September 2021. Of the participants, 20 were axSpA, 20 were pSpA, and 20 were active rheumatoid arthritis patients, and the remaining 20 were healthy controls. Age, sex, body mass index, disease duration, comorbid diseases, smoking status, medical treatments, C-reactive protein (CRP) level and human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) positivity were recorded. Serum GM-CSF and CCL17 levels were analyzed by ELISA. Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score with CRP (ASDAS-CRP) was used to evaluate the disease activity of patients with spondyloarthritis. Functional status of spondyloarthritis patients was evaluated by Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI). Results: While the serum GM-CSF levels were similar in the axSpA and pSpA groups, they were significantly higher than the healthy control group (p=0.021 and p=0.009, respectively). There was a significant correlation between GM-CSF levels and ASDAS-CRP (r=0.545, p=0.013) and BASFI (r=0.546, p=0.013) in the axSpA group. In active axSpA patients, the cut-off value for GM-CSF was 15.89 pg/mL (sensitivity 50%, specificity 100%). No differences were detected in serum CCL17 levels among the groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that serum GM-CSF levels may be used as a new marker for the evaluation of disease activity in axSpA, and GM-CSF might be a therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sclerostin is a glycoprotein that is crucial in bone metabolism and skeletal disorders. It is produced from the SOST gene, which is highly conserved among vertebrates. Osteocytes, bone cells that produce sclerostin, use this protein to antagonize osteoblasts' canonical Wnt signaling pathway. This pathway is essential for bone formation as it promotes osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and survival. However, when sclerostin inhibits this pathway, it reduces the +production of new bone tissue. Studies on animals have shown that mechanical loading can decrease sclerostin synthesis in osteocytes by reducing SOST gene expression. This means that when bones are subjected to mechanical stress, such as through exercise or weightlifting, the expression of the SOST gene decreases, leading to a reduction in sclerostin production. This reduction, in turn, increases Wnt signaling and bone formation. Conversely, when mechanical loading is eliminated, such as during prolonged periods of inactivity, sclerostin synthesis increases, leading to a decrease in bone formation. Sclerostin's inhibition of bone formation has been linked to several diseases with high bone mass. For example, sclerostin deficiency leads to sclerosteosis, a rare genetic disorder characterized by increased bone density and thickness. Similarly, another rare genetic disorder known as van Buchem disease is caused by a mutation in the SOST gene, which reduces sclerostin production and increases bone density. This review discusses the basics of Wnt signaling and its role in bone metabolism and skeletal disorders. It also evaluates the clinical significance and future implications of Wnt signaling in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, two common conditions that affect bone health. Understanding the complex mechanisms of sclerostin and Wnt signaling is crucial for developing new treatments for bone-related diseases and improving bone health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE The growth arrest of epiphyseal plates is an inevitable complication of radiotherapy in most pediatric cancer patients, yet our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing the recovery response remains limited. This experiment sought to delve into the roles of yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) transcriptional co-activators, crucial drivers of the regenerative process, in this recovery response. METHODS In the study, thirty-six 8-week-old male rabbits underwent radiotherapy targeting the left distal femur and proximal tibia growth plates, while the right extremity served as an unirradiated control. The rabbits were divided into six groups based on post-irradiation time points (1, 7, 10, 14, 17, and 21 days). Histomorphological assessments through hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical labeling of PTHrP, YAP1, and TAZ were conducted on the excised growth plates from both irradiated and unirradiated sides. RESULTS The initial week post-radiotherapy exhibited arresting effects, including increased apoptosis, reduced proliferative activity, and disruption of the columnar structure. Evidence of the recovery response, characterized by regenerative chondrocyte clones, became evident around day 10 and peaked on day 14. Subsequently, cellular and structural degeneration prevailed, with a transition to osteogenesis in the following days. The radiation notably decreased the nuclear immunopositivity ratio of the three molecules. While nuclear expression levels of YAP1 and TAZ initially declined within the 1st week, they subsequently rebounded sharply, though not reaching control levels. CONCLUSION These preliminary findings suggest that YAP1 and TAZ could play a pivotal role as regulators in the recovery response of growth plates following irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preoperative fasting is a traditional method used to avoid pulmonary aspiration and related complications. However, with the introduction of enhanced recover after surgery (ERAS) protocols in recent years, preoperative fasting periods have started to decrease. Short periods of fasting have been shown to reduce insulin resistance, acute phase response and oxidative stress in the perioperative period. Ischemia reperfusion injury has an important place in the etiology of acute kidney injury. In our study, we aimed to observe the effect of preoperative short fasting periods on renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Materials and Methods: 21 wistar albino rats in 3 groups were included in the study. Rats were randomized as sham A group fasted for 12 hours preoperatively, group B fasted for 12 hours preoperatively, group C for 2 hours preoperatively. Blood samples were taken for preoperative baseline biochemical values. After abdominal laparotomy, rats in groups B and C, renal ischemia applied by clamping left renal pedicle 20 min. Then 20 minutes reperfusion was allowed. After laparotomy in group A, after reperfusion in groups B and C, left and right nephrectomy was performed and samples were stored for histopathological examination. After blood samples were taken to measure postoperative biochemical values, the rats were sacrificed. Results: In the histopathological examination, proximal tubular epithelium brush-border loss, apoptosis and tubular cast formation were examined. In terms of apoptosis, the score was significantly higher in the left kidney with ischemia in group B compared to the right kidney (p = 0.008). A similar increase was not observed in other groups. In terms of tubular cast formation, statistically significant increases were observed for both right and left kidneys in group B (p = 0.015, p = 0.017). There wasn't statistically significant difference between and within the groups in the evaluations made with interleukin-6 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) biochemically. Conclusion: In our study, we found that the preoperative short fasting period in rats has a positive effect in the case of mild renal ischemia reperfusion injury. However, we think that many more studies should be done on this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The most common cancer in smokers is bladder cancer (BC). Intravesical chemo immunotherapies are used to lower the risk of progression in patients who are at risk. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy is the most effective adjuvant therapy discovered. We aimed to evaluate the levels of arginine, citrulline, ornithine, symmetrically dimethylated arginine (SDMA), N-monomethyl-Larginine. (L-NMMA) or asymmetrically dimethylated arginine (ADMA) in patients with BC, as well as their relationship with methylarginine. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from all patients (n=30) and controls (group 1) prior to transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) (group 2), 20 days after TURBT (group 3) and at the end of intravesical immunotherapy 74 (group 4). The levels of serum methylated arginine were measured using ABSCIEX API 3200 tandem mass spectrometry system in positive ESI mode. Results: In comparison to group 2, group 1's ADMA and arginine/total methylated arginine levels were 98 significantly lower (p=0.035 and p=0.049, respectively), while SDMA/ADMA, L-NMMA and arginine/ADMA levels (p=0.001, p=0.008 and p=0.017) increased, and no statistical difference was found for other parameters (p>0.05). When compared to group 3, ADMA, arginine, citrulline, methylated arginines and L-NMMA levels in group 2 (p=0.035, p=0.001, p=0.015, p=0.032, p=0.032) increased, while SDMA/ADMA levels (p=0.041) decreased. Conclusion: The decrease in arginine and ADMA levels in non-muscle invasive BC patients is thought to be promising, and these markers may be useful in monitoring the diagnosis and treatment of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Turkish Journal of Biochemistry / Turk Biyokimya Dergisi is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives:In this study we aimed to use a new amperometric biosensor for the determination of uric acid in saliva samples. Besides the good working conditions of the electrode was determined and identified the factors affecting the study. Uric acid is the final product of purine catabolism and related to different disease such as gout, increased levels of serum samples can be detected. Materials-Methods: By the prepared biosensor the used BSA/gelatin has crosslinked the uricase enzyme on the graphite electrode to glutaraldehyde. During characterization studies, linearity, repeatability of the measurements and shelf life were carried out. For the validation and verification studies, the students of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Cyprus Health and Social Sciences University formed the control group of the young adult individuals (n=26). Uric acid values from saliva samples were measured by autoanalyzer working with chemiluminescence principle and compared biosensor results. Results: It was determined that limit of detection 6. 0x10-4 mM, and linear results are obtained between the ranges of 6. 0x10-4 - 5,0x10-3 mM for uric acid concentration. As for shelf life studies, at the end of 40th day of responses has been preserved by 82. 5%, repeatability of the measurement (n=15) standard deviation (S. S) = ±0. 1 and % coefficient of variation (V. K)=0. 2, respectively. When the autoanalyser results were compared statistically to biosensor results, 97% accuracy rate was obtained from the drawn ROC curve. Conclusions: Today, different colorimetric, chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods are used for determination of uric acid. However, biosensor-based methods are preferred because of being practical and inexpensive systems. The most important advantage of biosensors over other methods is that they are economical, practical and specific for the substances to be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]