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We studied the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the biochemical and physiological parameters of S. cerevisiae yeast cells with varied energy metabolism and antioxidant status. The wild-type cells of varied genetic backgrounds and their isogenic mutants with impaired antioxidant defences (Δsod mutants) or response to environmental stress (ESR) (Δmsn2, Δmsn4 and double Δmsn2msn4 mutants) were used. Short-term exposure to DMSO even at a wide range of concentrations (2–20%) had little effect on the metabolic activity of the yeast cells and the stability of their cell membranes, but induced free radicals production and clearly altered their proliferative activity. Cells of the Δsod1 mutant showed greater sensitivity to DMSO in these conditions. DMSO at concentrations from 4 to 10–14% (depending on the strain and genetic background) activated the ESR programme. The effects of long-term exposure to DMSO were mainly depended on the type of energy metabolism and antioxidant system efficiency. Yeast cells with reduced antioxidant system efficiency and/or aerobic respiration were more susceptible to the toxic effects of DMSO than cells with a wild-type phenotype and respiro-fermentative or fully fermentative metabolism. These studies suggest a key role of stress response programs in both the processes of cell adaptation to small doses of this xenobiotic and the processes related to its toxicity resulting from large doses or chronic exposure to DMSO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report an efficient protocol for oxidation of primary/secondary benzyl alcohols and benzylamines to produce corresponding aldehydes or ketones. Our unified method involves the use of commercially available (diethylamino)sulfur trifluoride (DAST) as a reagent combined with DMSO as solvent and oxidant. The reaction provided corresponding carbonyl compounds in good to excellent yields with high purity and in short reaction times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Controlled oxidation of methyl‐ketones to aryl glyoxals using Selenium dioxide and iodine is one of the useful transformation. Regardless the availability of many oxidation reagents, Iodine/DMSO system is very efficient and flexible. This system efficiently allows in situ formation of α‐halo ketones and subsequently transforming them directly to useful products. The Iodine/DMSO system allows the selective CI and CO bond formation, substantially useful for converting them to other bond forming reactions and heterocycles useful in the synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Iodine/DMSO system could be an important alternative strategy due to sustainability, metal‐free conditions, allowing multiple/linear domino reactions. This review will focus on heterocyclic systems smartly developed/manipulated by Wu group from methyl‐ketones. The scope and limitations of this method and selected examples of applications for the synthesis of interesting molecules are discussed herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proteins are acknowledged as the phenotypical manifestation of the genotype, because protein-coding genes carry the information for the strings of amino acids that constitute the proteins. It is widely accepted that protein function depends on the corresponding "native" structure or folding achieved within the cell, and that native protein folding corresponds to the lowest free energy minimum for a given protein. However, protein folding within the cell is a non-deterministic dissipative process that from the same input may produce different outcomes, thus conformational heterogeneity of folded proteins is the rule and not the exception. Local changes in the intracellular environment promote variation in protein folding. Hence protein folding requires "supervision" by a host of chaperones and co-chaperones that help their client proteins to achieve the folding that is most stable according to the local environment. Such environmental influence on protein folding is continuously transduced with the help of the cellular stress responses (CSRs) and this may lead to changes in the rules of engagement between proteins, so that the corresponding protein interactome could be modified by the environment leading to an alternative cellular phenotype. This allows for a phenotypic plasticity useful for adapting to sudden and/or transient environmental changes at the cellular level. Starting from this perspective, hereunder we develop the argument that the presence of sustained cellular stress coupled to efficient CSRs may lead to the selection of an aberrant phenotype as the resulting adaptation of the cellular proteome (and the corresponding interactome) to such stressful conditions, and this can be a common epigenetic pathway to cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a pivotal treatment for lymphoma patients. The BeEAM regimen (Bendamustine, Etoposide, Cytarabine, Melphalan) traditionally relies on cryopreservation, whereas the CEM regimen (Carboplatin, Etoposide, Melphalan) has been optimized for short-duration administration without the need for cryopreservation. This study rigorously compares the clinical and safety profiles of the BeEAM and CEM regimens. Methods: A controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted with 58 lymphoma patients undergoing ASCT at the International Medical Center (IMC) in Cairo, Egypt. Patients were randomly assigned to either the BeEAM (n = 29) or CEM (n = 29) regimen, with an 18-month follow-up period. Clinical and safety outcomes were meticulously compared, focusing on time to engraftment for neutrophils and platelets, side effects, length of hospitalization, transplant-related mortality (TRM), and survival rates. Results: The findings demonstrate a significant advantage for the CEM regimen. Neutrophil recovery was markedly faster in the CEM group, averaging 8.5 days compared to 14.5 days in the BeEAM group (p < 0.0001). Platelet recovery was similarly expedited, with 11 days in the CEM group versus 23 days in the BeEAM group (p < 0.0001). Hospitalization duration was substantially shorter for CEM patients, averaging 18.5 days compared to 30 days for those on BeEAM (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, overall survival (OS) was significantly higher in the CEM group at 96.55% (95% CI: 84.91–99.44%) compared to 79.31% (95% CI: 63.11–89.75%) in the BeEAM group (p = 0.049). Progression-free survival (PFS) was also notably superior in the CEM group, at 86.21% (95% CI: 86.14–86.28%) versus 62.07% (95% CI: 61.94–62.20%) in the BeEAM group (p = 0.036). Conclusion: The CEM regimen might demonstrate superiority over the BeEAM regimen, with faster neutrophil and platelet recovery, reduced hospitalization time, and significantly improved overall and progression-free survival rates. Future studies with longer duration and larger sample sizes are warranted. Trial registration: This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under the registration number NCT05813132 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05813132). (The first submitted registration date: is March 16, 2023). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a leading contender to replace lead halide perovskites, tin‐based perovskites have demonstrated ever increasing performance in solar cells and light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). They tend to be processed with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent, which has been identified as a major contributor to the Sn(II) oxidation during film fabrication, posing a challenge to the further improvement of Sn‐based perovskites. Herein, we use NMR spectroscopy to investigate the kinetics of the oxidation of SnI2, revealing that autoamplification takes place, accelerating the oxidation as the reaction progresses. We propose a mechanism consistent with these observations involving water participation and HI generation. Building upon these insights, we have developed low‐temperature Sn‐based perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) processed at 60 °C, achieving enhanced external quantum efficiencies (EQEs). Our research underscores the substantial potential of low‐temperature DMSO solvent processes and DMSO‐free solvent systems for fabricating oxidation‐free Sn‐based perovskites, shaping the future direction in processing Sn‐containing perovskite materials and optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimentally it is shown that without any oxygen manipulation for TiO2, a strong room temperature ferromagnetism could be expected only in ultra-thin films, with the ideal thickness below 100 nm. Both bulks and nano-powders of TiO2 are diamagnetic, indicating that the surface and its nano-sublayers play very important roles in tailoring the magnetic properties in this type of compound. To shed a new light on the defect-related magnetism in the typical case of anatase TiO2 surfaces, we have performed a series of quantum-mechanical calculations for TiO2 slabs containing Ti or O vacancies in different distances from the (001) surface. The lowest formation energies were obtained for the Ti vacancies in the first sub-surface layer and the O vacancies within the surface. The computed magnetic states reflect complicated structural relaxations of atoms influenced by both the surface and vacant atomic positions. O atoms cannot contribute much to magnetic moment when Ti vacancies are isolated and far from the surface. Ti vacancies in TiO2 are only metastable. The formation energy of Ti interstitials is lower than for Ti vacancies since high-temperature annealing, especially with a lot of O2 available that would fill up O-related defects, and as a result, eliminate most of Ti vacancies. Lower temperatures, less O2, and shorter exposure times may enable not only partial elimination of Ti vacancies but also can facilitate their diffusion into different states of aggregations. In the ferromagnetic films (i.e. thin films below 100 nm), it looks like that the O atoms are located closer to the Ti vacancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methylammonium Lead Iodide (MAPbI3) has often been known to have a perovskite content and is widely employed in Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs). However, PSCs suffer from rapid degradation due to their low stability and sensitivity to light, heat, humidity, and air. Hence, this project proposes a two-step spin coat method to synthesize MAPbI3 perovskites in an ambient condition using two different types of solvent (DMF only and a mixture of DMF and DMSO) which were prepared to examine the quality of the perovskite layer. The thin films were characterized to study the structural, optical properties, and surface morphology using XRD, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and SEM. The XRD results show that the perovskite layer prepared using a mixture of DMF and DMSO has a better crystallinity than DMF, even after the sample was kept for two days as the principal peaks confirm the complete formation of MAPbI3 perovskite film. UV-Vis showed that the perovskite layer prepared with the mixture of DMF and DMSO as the solvent has a higher absorbance than the perovskite layer prepared with DMF. The surface morphology of the MAPbI3 films consists of the formation of cubical crystals of uniform size with high compactness, as confirmed by the SEM analysis. However, after two days, both samples showed a degradation providing feedback on the occurred transition to PbI2 due to the contact with moisture and thermal stability. Moreover, the better stability of perovskite films was observed by a two-step than one-step process was demonstrated with comparatively good reproducibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the experimental analysis of viscosimetric properties of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in dimethyl sulphoxide DMSO. By the viscosimetric study of solutions of PEG/DMSO, the dynamic viscosity was measured under the influence of increasing PEG concentration (1 g/l to 10 g/l) and increasing temperature (15°C to 45°C). The reduced dynamic viscosity and the activation energy of reduced dynamic viscosity Eη are calculated. The polymer solutions exhibited a critical concentration c**, separating dilute solutions into extremely dilute solutions and dilute solutions. The most important results refer to the activation energy of reduced dynamic viscosity found from Arrhenius plots. The dependence of the activation energy on solution concentration and temperature is discussed. PEG behaviour can be extrapolated from the Flory-Huggins theory by decomposing such as Eη= (Eη)ex di+ (Eη)di+ (Eη)cri. The extremely dilute solution behaviour of Arrhenius is described by the PEG-DMSO interaction and represented by the function (Eη)ex di. For the dilute solution behaviour of non-Arrhenius which is described by the interaction between the PEG-PEG and represented by the function (Eη)di. The critical solution behaviour of is described by the PEG-PEG and PEG-DMSO interactions and represented by the function (Eη)cri. Principles that aid one to understand and interpret such results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typically, polymer composites and ceramics are used to create biosensors. Materials with properties that are ideal for biosensors and chemical sensors include AgNO3 (silver nitrate), PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), and HA (hydroxyapatite). Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer has been widely used in several applications because of its well-known superior ferroelectric characteristics and biocompatibility. The brittleness and low bending strength of hydroxyapatite limit its applicability. Several HA and polymer composite formulations have been developed to compensate for HA's mechanical weakness. The final product contains a significant amount of HA, making HA/polymer composites highly biocompatible. When the right amount of silver is deposited, the maximum piezoelectric activity is generated, and silver nitrate has antimicrobial properties. The non-toxic solvent DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) and the solvent casting method were chosen for the preparation of the film. Surface roughness was chosen to measure the Str and Sdr properties of the thin film. For liquid preparation, the multifractal spectra analysis was chosen for each sample. SEM was used to examine the samples morphologically. EDX and mapping analyses were presented for chemistry distribution in the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Equine embryos >300 μm require puncture before vitrification. Protocols that do not require pre‐puncture would make vitrification easier and allow for its widespread use. Objective s : To design a successful vitrification protocol for embryos >300 μm without puncture as a pre‐treatment. Study design: Experimental in vivo study. Methods: Thirty‐eight embryos were divided into 3 groups (G1: ≤300 μm, n = 11; G2: >300–500 μm, n = 20; G3: >500 μm, n = 7). Embryos were vitrified using a human vitrification kit. Following a 15 min exposure to equilibration solution (ES; 7.5% DMSO +7.5% ethylene glycol [EG] in a base medium [BM] of M199 HEPES‐buffered medium [H199] + hydroxypropyl cellulose + gentamycin), embryos were exposed for ≤90 s to a vitrification solution (15% DMSO +15% EG + 0.5 M trelahose in BM), loaded onto a Cryolock and plunged into LN2. Warming was undertaken by plunging the Cryolock tip into 1 mL of H199 + 20% FBS + pen/strep +1 M sucrose at 42°C for 1 min. The embryos were then moved to a 0.5 M sucrose solution for 4 min, then placed in Vigro Hold for 4 min prior to transfer to a recipient. Results: Pregnancy rates were 81.8% (9/11) for G1, 80% (16/20) for G2, and 0% (0/7) for G3. The largest embryo to survive was 480 μm. Main limitations: Limited numbers and only one pregnancy was followed to term. Conclusions: Equine embryos ≤480 μm can be successfully vitrified using a protocol with a longer exposure time to the ES. This does not appear to have a negative effect on early embryonic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a pivotal treatment for lymphoma patients. The BeEAM regimen (Bendamustine, Etoposide, Cytarabine, Melphalan) traditionally relies on cryopreservation, whereas the CEM regimen (Carboplatin, Etoposide, Melphalan) has been optimized for short-duration administration without the need for cryopreservation. This study rigorously compares the clinical and safety profiles of the BeEAM and CEM regimens. Methods A controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted with 58 lymphoma patients undergoing ASCT at the International Medical Center (IMC) in Cairo, Egypt. Patients were randomly assigned to either the BeEAM (n = 29) or CEM (n = 29) regimen, with an 18-month follow-up period. Clinical and safety outcomes were meticulously compared, focusing on time to engraftment for neutrophils and platelets, side effects, length of hospitalization, transplant-related mortality (TRM), and survival rates. Results The findings demonstrate a significant advantage for the CEM regimen. Neutrophil recovery was markedly faster in the CEM group, averaging 8.5 days compared to 14.5 days in the BeEAM group (p

ABSTRACT: A study was performed to investigate the potential contraceptive impact of intra-testicular injection of zinc gluconate with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with and without local anesthetic in eighteen male mongrel dogs. Animals of Group I and II were treated with 2.62% zinc gluconate plus 0.5% DMSO and 2.62% zinc gluconate plus 0.5% DMSO along with 1% lignocaine hydrochloride solution, respectively. In contrast, Group III animals were maintained as control. The efficacy of combinations was examined by morphometry of testis, scrotal circumference (on day-0, 7, 15, 30), and ultrasonographic examination (on day-0 and 30). The testicular morphometry of both testicles revealed that the testicle size increased significantly on day 7 in the treatment groups and then significantly reduced on days- 15 and 30. The ultrasonographic examination revealed decreased testicular dimensions and increased parenchymal lesions in both the testicles of treatment groups which consisted of heterogenous echotexture, mild evidence of mediastinal line, presence of hypoechogenic areas, and heterogenicity in parenchyma. However, incorporating 1% lignocaine hydrochloride into the zinc gluconate and DMSO did not reveal any appreciable changes during the post-exposure period.

Tetrasubstituted 2,3‐trans‐dihydrofuran and furan are important heterocyclic scaffolds in natural product, bioorganic and medicinal chemistry as well as in material science. The synthesis of both of these heterocycles starting from common and readily available starting materials are challenging. We found that in situ generated deoxybenzoin‐chalcone Michael adducts underwent oxidative annulation upon heating with molecular iodine in DMSO to provide selectively 2,3‐trans‐dihydrofurans at 80 °C and furans at 120 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gout arthritis is an inflammatory arthritis characterized by increased serum uric acid and accumulation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in soft tissues. The treatment for gout arthritis is centered on reducing uric acid agents with long-term and anti-inflammatory agents during attack times. In recent studies, it is noteworthy that Indomethacin and Dexamethasone have positive effects in the treatment of gout. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a lipophilic solvent and has an anti-inflammatory effect at appropriate doses. Based on this information, for this study, the effects of these three agents were investigated in rats using a gut model to compare their efficacy. In the study, a total of 48 female 3–4-month rats were divided equally into 8 groups: Control, Indomethacin, DMSO, Dexamethasone, Gout, Gout+Indomethacin, Gout+DMSO, Gout +Dexamethasone. During the eight-week study, a gout arthritis model was used that included 10 mg MSU given intra-articularly in the right foot. Indomethacin 12.5 mg/kg intragastric, DMSO 0.1 ml intraperitoneally and dexamethasone 0.2 mg/kg were administered subcutaneously to the related groups once a day for seven days. At the end of the study, collected articular tissues were stained with haematoxylin and eosin after the fixation and decalcification processes were done. The findings obtained showed that inflammation was reduced in treatment groups compared to the Control groups (all p values 0.002). Also, synovial proliferation was remarkably decreased in the Gout+Dexamethasone group compared to the Gout group (p = 0.019). As a result of these findings, although the three agents all reduced inflammation in gout arthritis, DMSO was shown to be more advantageous due to its having fewer side-effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Betulin is a promising natural organic substance due to its antibacterial, fungicidal, and antitumor properties, as are their derivatives. The particle size of betulin can reach several tens of micrometers, and its thickness is several microns. There are various ways of processing betulin, but the most promising are solution methods (applying thin layers, impregnation, etc.). Application or impregnation of various materials is carried out using betulin; however, currently known solvents do not allow obtaining solutions with the necessary content of it. Since a number of direct solvents are already known for betulin, which provides only low-concentration solutions, the use of complex systems based on two solvents can become the optimal solution to the problem. The literature data show that the use of mixtures of solvents allows for the preparation of homogeneous solutions, for example, for natural polymers like cellulose, etc. This approach to obtaining solutions has become the basis for the processing of betulin. The use of a mixed solvent based on ethanol and DMSO for the preparation of betulin solutions has been proposed for the first time. The solubility of betulin in a mixture system with a ratio of components of 50 wt.% to 50 wt.% was studied, and a solubility curve was plotted. It is shown that the use of a two-component solvent makes it possible to transfer up to 10% of betulin into solution, which is almost twice as much as compared to already known solvents. The rheological properties of the obtained solutions have been studied. The viscosity of betulin solutions in a complex solvent depends on its content and temperature, so for 7% solutions at 70 °C, it is approximately 0.008 Pa*s. Applying betulin to the surface of the cardboard increases its hydrophobic properties and repellency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the extension of our all-atom force field BILFF (Bio-polymers in Ionic Liquids Force Field) to the co-solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). BILFF already includes force field parameters for several imidazolium- and triazolium-based ionic liquids, water, and the bio-molecule cellulose. DMSO is known to increase the cellulose solubility of [EMIm][OAc] when applied as an additive. Our focus is on a correct reproduction of the hydrogen bonds in the ternary system of [EMIm] + , [OAc] - , water and DMSO compared to ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. For this purpose, the results from force field MD simulations such as radial and distance–angle distribution functions are compared with the reference AIMD simulation. Based on this, the force field parameters (starting from OPLS–AA) are iteratively adjusted. Four systems, pure and aqueous DMSO as well as DMSO in pure and aqueous [EMIm][OAc], are considered and additionally compared to DMSO-free [EMIm][OAc] systems. A very good agreement with respect to the microstructure of the quantum chemical reference simulations as well as to experimental data such as density, diffusion coefficients, enthalpy of vaporization, compressibility and thermal expansion coefficients can be observed over a wide temperature range. BILFF thus enables accurate simulations of larger systems of solvated cellulose in (aqueous) [EMIm][OAc] and the co-solvent DMSO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryopreservation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is crucial for autologous transplantation, cord blood banking and other special circumstances. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used most commonly for cryopreserving HSC products but can cause infusional toxicities and affect cell viability and engraftment after transplant. A systematic review of controlled studies using lower concentrations of DMSO to cryopreserve HSC products in clinical transplant studies is needed to determine the effect of reducing DMSO concentrations on post-thaw cell viability, initial engraftment and adverse effects on patient health. All studies identified in our systematic search (to July 11, 2023) examining the use of cryopreserved peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) for autologous stem cell transplantation (AHCT) were included. Meta-analysis was performed to determine how varying the concentration of DMSO during cryopreservation effects post-thaw cell viability, initial engraftment and adverse effects on patient health. A total of 1547 studies were identified in our systematic search, with seven published articles meeting eligibility for inclusion in meta-analysis. All patients underwent AHCT using (PBSCs) to treat hematologic malignancies. The viability of CD34+ cells post thaw was greater when cryopreserved with 5% DMSO compared with 10% DMSO, with lower rates of adverse side effects in patients. DMSO concentration had minimal impact on rates of initial engraftment. Significant heterogeneity in outcome reporting was observed and the potential for bias was identified in all studies. Reducing the concentration of DMSO from 10% to 5% during cryopreservation of autologous PBSCs may improve cell viability and reduce DMSO-associated adverse effects in patients undergoing AHCT. Data from more studies with similar patients and standard outcome reporting are needed to increase confidence in our initial observations. PROSPERO; registration number CRD42023476809 registered November 8, 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study investigates the impact of low concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the stability of the dentinal hybrid layer formed using a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive. Materials and Methods: Midcoronal dentine surfaces of 21 extracted molars were etched and randomly recruited into the study groups. This experimental study involved extracting wisdom teeth, preserving them at 4°C in 0.9% sodium chloride with 0.02% sodium azide, sectioning and polishing them, and randomly assigning them to three groups (n = 7/group) for DMSO pretreatment (1% DMSO/water [H2O], 10% DMSO/H2O, or no treatment/controls) in preparation for microtensile bond strength assessment and the sectioned beams (0.9 mm2) where all were subjected to tension until fracture after storage for 24 h after soaking into artificial saliva for 12 months. In addition, nanoleakage assessment was conducted using scanning electron microscopy. The findings were computed statistically using analysis of variance and Tukey's tests (a=0.05). Results: The results revealed that immediate bond strength had no significant difference between the three groups (P > 0.05). After aging, the control group showed diminished bond strengths less than that of intervention for 1 and 10% DMSO solutions (P < 0.05). Regarding nanoleakage, the aged control group showed the highest level of silver infiltration along the hybrid layer. Approximately, 10% of treatment with DMSO in the aged group showed significantly less nanoleakage compared with using a concentration of 1%. Conclusions: This study concludes that dentinal pretreatment using DMSO minimizes hybrid layer degradation and improves bond strength in adhesive restorations. It was also inferred that higher concentrations of DMSO may provide a better seal at the tooth-restoration interface within limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differentiated HepaRG cells are popular in vitro cell models for hepatotoxicity studies. Their differentiation is usually supported by the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), an amphipathic solvent widely used in biomedicine, for example, in potential novel therapeutic drugs and cryopreservation of oocytes. Recent studies have demonstrated drastic effects, especially on epigenetics and extracellular matrix composition, induced by DMSO, making its postulated inert character doubtful. In this work, the influence of DMSO and DMSO-mediated modulation of differentiation on human adenovirus (HAdV) infection of HepaRG cells was investigated. We observed an increase in infectivity of HepaRG cells by HAdVs in the presence of 1% DMSO. However, this effect was dependent on the type of medium used for cell cultivation, as cells in William's E medium showed significantly stronger effects compared with those cultivated in DMEM. Using different DMSO concentrations, we proved that the impact of DMSO on infectability was dose-dependent. Infection of cells with a replication-deficient HAdV type demonstrated that the mode of action of DMSO was based on viral entry rather than on viral replication. Taken together, these results highlight the strong influence of the used cell-culture medium on the performed experiments as well as the impact of DMSO on infectivity of HepaRG cells by HAdVs. As this solvent is widely used in cell culture, those effects must be considered, especially in screening of new antiviral compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

YKL-40 (CHI3L1) is a matrix glycoprotein stored in human neutrophil-specific granules and released upon activation. While it is implicated in inflammation, cancer progression, and cell differentiation, its exact physiological role remains unclear. This study investigated the intracellular expression and secretion of YKL-40 by untreated and DMSO-treated HL-60 cells in association with surface expression of CD11b and CD66b throughout the differentiation process (up to 120 h). Secreted YKL-40 protein and mRNA levels of YKL-40, CD66b, and CD11b were measured by ELISA and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. The intracellular YKL-40 and surface CD11b and CD66b expression were assessed by flow cytometry. A significant increase in CD11b expression confirmed DMSO-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells. Upon DMSO stimulation, YKL-40 mRNA expression increased in a time-dependent manner, unlike CD66b. The lack of CD66b (a granulocyte maturation and activation marker) on the surface of HL-60 cells might suggest that DMSO treatment did not induce full maturation or activation. The intracellular YKL-40 protein expression was increasing up to 96 h of DMSO treatment and then declined. YKL-40 secretion into the culture medium was detectable only at later time points (96 and 120 h), which was correlated with a decreased proliferation of DMSO-treated HL-60 cells. These findings suggest sequential changes in YKL-40 production and secretion during DMSO-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells and might contribute to a better understanding of YKL-40's involvement in both physiological processes and disease development, including multiple sclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Fabaceae is renowned for its diverse range of chemical compounds with significant biological activities, making it a valuable subject for pharmacological studies. The chemical composition and biological activities of three Fabaceae species were investigated using methanol separately and in combination with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol for extraction. The results revealed the highest phenolic (49.59 ± 0.38 mg gallic acid equivalent/g), flavonoid (29.16 ± 0.39 mg rutin equivalent/g), and alkaloid (14.23 ± 0.54 mg atropine equivalent/g) contents in the Caesalpinia decapetala methanol extracts. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and DNA protection activity were the highest (0.88 ± 0.43 μg/mL IC50 and 2149.26 band intensity) in Albizia julibrissin methanol extracts. The α-amylase activity was highest in all methanol extracts ( C. decapetala (70.86 %) > Indigofera atropurpurea (65.34 %). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed 33 volatile compounds and, aamong these (Z)-9-octadecenamide was detected in the highest concentration ranging from 21.85 to 38.61 %. Only the methanol extracts of the examined species could be assessed for in vivo studies for immediate applications.

Background: Platelet cryopreservation extends the shelf‐life to at least 2 years. However, platelets are altered during the freeze/thaw process. Downscaling platelet cryopreservation by freezing in tubes would enable rapid screening of novel strategies to improve the quality of cryopreserved platelets (CPPs). The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of freezing conditions on the in vitro phenotype and function of platelets frozen in a low volume compared to standard CPPs. Methods: Platelets were prepared for cryopreservation using 5%–6% DMSO and processed using standard protocols or aliquoted into 2 mL tubes. Platelets were hyperconcentrated to 25 mL (standard CPPs) or 200 μL (tubes) before freezing at −80°C (n = 8). Six insulators/controlled rate freezing containers were used to vary the freezing rate of platelets in tubes. Platelets were thawed, resuspended in plasma, and then assessed by flow cytometry and thromboelastography. Results: The use of different insulators for tubes changed the freezing rate of platelets compared to platelets frozen using the standard protocol (p <.001). However, this had no impact on the recovery of the platelets (p =.87) or the proportion of platelets expressing GPIbα (p =.46) or GPVI (p =.07), which remained similar between groups. A lower proportion of platelets frozen in tubes externalized phosphatidylserine compared to standard CPPs (p <.001). The clot‐forming ability (thromboelastography) of platelets was similar between groups (p >.05). Conclusion: Freezing platelets in tubes modified the freezing rate and altered some platelet characteristics. However, the functional characteristics remained comparable, demonstrating the feasibility of downscaling platelet cryopreservation for high‐throughput exploratory investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To examine real‐world data regarding intravesical dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) therapy after official approval as a treatment for Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis (HIC) in Japan. Methods: This single institution, retrospective observational study was conducted between 2021 and 2022 to evaluate the outcomes of 30 patients with refractory HIC who received intravesical DMSO therapy according to the approved standardized regimen: administration of DMSO every 2 weeks for a total of 12 weeks. Treatment outcomes were evaluated using a 7‐graded global response assessment scale, O'Leary and Sant's symptom and problem indices (OSSI/OSPI), the overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS), an 11‐point pain intensity numerical rating scale, quality of life (QOL) score, and frequency volume chart variables. Related complications were also documented. Results: The response rates at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks were 36.7%, 43.3%, 53.3%, 60.0%, 70.0%, and 70.0%, respectively. Compared with baseline, OSSI/OSPI, pain intensity, urinary frequency, and the QOL score improved significantly from 4 weeks of treatment. The OABSS score and functional bladder capacity also showed a tendency toward moderate improvement, but the difference was not significant. The mean duration of symptom relapse after termination of treatment was 6.4 ± 3.9 months. No patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events, although acute bladder irritation during infusion was noted in 21 patients (70%), which disappeared within 3 days. Conclusions: This study verifies the safety, moderately durable efficacy, and tolerability of the standard intravesical treatment with DMSO for HIC in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acetogenic bacteria such as the thermophilic anaerobic model organism Moorella thermoacetica reduce CO2 with H2 as a reductant via the Wood‐Ljungdahl pathway (WLP). The enzymes of the WLP of M. thermoacetica require NADH, NADPH, and reduced ferredoxin as reductants. Whereas an electron‐bifurcating ferredoxin‐ and NAD+‐reducing hydrogenase HydABC had been described, the enzyme that reduces NADP+ remained to be identified. A likely candidate is the HydABCDEF hydrogenase from M. thermoacetica. Genes encoding for the HydABCDEF hydrogenase are expressed during growth on glucose and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), an alternative electron acceptor in M. thermoacetica, whereas expression of the genes hydABC encoding for the electron‐bifurcating hydrogenase is downregulated. Therefore, we have purified the hydrogenase from cells grown on glucose and DMSO to apparent homogeneity. The enzyme had six subunits encoded by hydABCDEF and contained 58 mol of iron and 1 mol of FMN. The enzyme reduced methyl viologen with H2 as reductant and of the physiological acceptors tested, only NADP+ was reduced. Electron bifurcation with pyridine nucleotides and ferredoxin was not observed. H2‐dependent NADP+ reduction was optimal at pH 8 and 60 °C; the specific activity was 8.5 U·mg−1 and the Km for NADP+ was 0.086 mm. Cell suspensions catalyzed H2‐dependent DMSO reduction, which is in line with the hypothesis that the NADP+‐reducing hydrogenase HydABCDEF is involved in electron transfer from H2 to DMSO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) blended polymer loaded with (x) wt. % tetrapropylammonium iodide (TPAI) were fabricated. X-ray diffraction was used to identify the TPAI and crystallinity changes in the blend. TPAI doping's effects on the blends linear and nonlinear optical parameters were examined. The direct and indirect energy gap values of the PVA/PVP blend were reduced from (5, 4.81) eV to (4.77, 4.27) eV and from (4.72, 4.39) eV to (5.11, 4.85) eV as it doped with 25% TPAI in the case of PVA/PVP prepared with distilled water (DW) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), respectively. The value of refractive index at 500 nm was enlarged from 1.32 to 2.3 for the blend doped with TPAI and increased further to 2.67 as it was prepared with DW. A small doping amount of TPAI did not produce a noteworthy alteration in the real part of the dielectric constant (εr) value. By increasing the amount of TPAI (>12.5%), εr increased considerably, with the rate of increase in the blends prepared with DW being higher than that prepared with DMSO. At 500 nm, εr of PVA/PVP increased from 1.8 to 7.11 and 5.34 as it was doped with 31.25%TPAI in the case of the blends prepared with DW and DMSO, respectively. The influences of the solvent, amount of TPAI doping, and excitation wavelength on the fluorescence intensity and emitted colors were also investigated. The maximum DC conductivity (1.89 x10−7 and 1.06 x 10−5 s m−1) was detected at 338 K as the blend was doped with 12.5 wt. % TPAI and prepared with DW and DMSO, respectively. The effects of the amount of TPAI doping and the temperature on the DC conductivity of the various blends were also explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasonic methods have been very fruitful in studying the physical properties of binary liquid combinations. In this present study, the thermoacoustic behavior of benzyl propionate with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is observed using ultrasound, density, and viscosity at different temperatures between 308 and 328 K with a phase of 10 °C. Benzyl propionate is a sweet‐smelling liquid that is used in the botanical and fruit fragrance industries, as well as in the flavoring of organic products. DMSO is a dipolar aprotic, naturally soluble compound used for slow drug synthesis, device synthesis, and drug delivery to the body. Estimated values such as adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, internal pressure, and free volume are determined from arbitrary ultrasonic velocity, density, and viscosity data. The same excess parameters of adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, internal pressure, and free volume support finding the nature of the reaction. The sort of interactions has been accounted for utilizing these qualities. In the present work, benzyl propionate with dimethyl sulfoxide has been characterized by using ultrasonic waves and since this wave is a well‐known tool for NDT, so the mixture is properly characterized. These thermoacoustic parameters with different concentrations of DMSO at different temperatures have been used to study the complex formation and binding through intermolecular forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to analyse the effect of incubation of a rabbit insemination dose (ID) with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on reproductive parameters (kindling rate, number of live-born and stillborn kits, and birth weight of kits). The experiments were carried out using two rabbit breeds. Each ejaculate was diluted to a concentration of 40 to 50 million sperm/0.5 ml ID. DMSO was added to the ID in a concentration of 0.5 M. The control ID did not contain any DMSO. Kindling rates obtained from two different breeds (P1, P2) showed minor improvement (+4.36% P1; +4.06% P2) compared to the controls, but without statistically significant differences. The number of live-born kits per litter obtained from breeds P1 and P2 showed minor improvement (P1 +0.61; P2 +0.13) compared to the control groups (p > 0.05). The weight of live-born kits was higher in the experimental groups (+3.85 g P1 = p = 0.001; +1.18 g P2 = p>0.05) than in the control groups. Monitoring of sperm quality indicators (1, 3 and 6 hours incubation) in in vitro conditions (CASA - Computer Assisted Semen Analysis) showed the best results in the control group that was not treated with DMSO. The data obtained in our experiments suggest positive effects of DMSO incubation on reproduction parameters, especially in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand for immune cell applications, both in clinical settings and in research laboratories, has highlighted the critical need for cryopreservation (banking) methods for T cells. While conventional techniques such as freezing with liquid nitrogen remain prevalent, they pose significant challenges including high equipment costs, safety considerations, and logistical hurdles in transportation. Our cryopreservation medium, C80EZ®, represents a novel approach, leveraging biocompatible polysaccharides as cryoprotectants to enable safe storage at −80°C. This paper presents a comprehensive series of tests assessing the effectiveness of C80EZ® in shielding T cells from the detrimental effects of cryopreservation. Importantly, our findings demonstrate that C80EZ® not only ensures the survival of T cells, with a particular emphasis on preserving the CD8+ subsets, but also maintains their critical function in targeting and eliminating cancer cells.

Pendahuluan: Bakteri S. aureus merupakan bakteri penyebab infeksi nosokomial di rumah sakit yang mudah mengalami resistensi terhadap antibiotik membentuk strain baru seperti bakteri MRSA yang resisten terhadap golongan antibiotik methicillin (β-lactams). Bakteri MRSA bersifat patogen dan memiliki persentase bahaya yang cukup besar sehingga perlu dilakukan pemeliharaan dan penyimpanan kultur murni bakteri MRSA di laboratorium untuk kepentingan eksplorasi dan upaya pengendalian serta pengobatan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri tersebut. Salah satu larutan yang digunakan dalam preservasi bakteri adalah larutan dimetil sulfoksida (DMSO) yang berguna secara universal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh larutan DMSO dan suhu preservasi yang berbeda dalam preservasi bakteri MRSA. Metode: Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatif dengan analisis uji multivariat anova yang dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan Biokimia Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (FKIP) Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto dari bulan Juli 2022 sampai bulan Oktober 2022. Hasil: Konsentrasi larutan DMSO dan suhu preservasi yang berbeda dapat mempengaruhi viabilitas bakteri MRSA, sedangkan suhu preservasi bakteri MRSA yang paling baik adalah pada suhu 4 oC dan 20-28 oC dengan nilai signifikansi (p=0.048). Diskusi: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa konsentrasi larutan DMSO dan suhu preservasi yang berbeda dapat mempengaruhi viabilitas bakteri MRSA. Suhu preservasi yang terbaik diperoleh pada suhu 4 oC Kata kunci: DMSO, MRSA, Preservasi Bakteri, Suhu

مقاله پژوهشیمقدمه: تقریباً 3 درصد از ژنوم انسان غنی از GC است. این نواحی اغلب در پروموتر ژن‌ها، به ویژه ژن‌های خانه‌دار و ژن‌های سرکوب‌گر تومور یافت می‌شوند. تکثیر این مناطق غنی از GC می‌تواند چالش برانگیز باشد. زیرا پایداری توالی DNA غنی از GC بیشتر بوده، همچنین ساختارهای ثانویه به آسانی در این مناطق تشکیل می‌شوند. ژن FOXE1 به خانواده بزرگی از فاکتورهای رونویسی تعلق دارد که برای مورفوژنز غده‌ی تیروئید ضروری می‌باشد و به‌عنوان فاکتور مستعد‌کننده در سرطان تیروئید غیر مدولاری نوع 4 معرفی شده است.روش‌ها: مطالعه‌ی حاضر از نوع تجربی است که به نحوه‌ی تکثیر قسمتی از توالی ژن FOXE1 با درصد بالای GC که با واکنش زنجیره‌ای پلیمراز معمولی قابل انجام نمی‌باشد پرداخته است.یافته‌ها: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد، استفاده از مواد تقویت‌کننده‌ی تکثیر مناطق غنی از GC، نظیر بتائین ودی متیل سولفوکسید (DMSO) به همراه واکنش زنجیره‌ای پلیمراز از نوع Touchdown در تکثیر توالی این ناحیه از ژن FOXE1 با تخریب ساختارهای ثانویه تشکیل شده در توالی و افزایش محصول واکنش مؤثر می‌باشد.نتیجه‌گیری: این روش می‌تواند برای تکثیر نواحی غنی از GC در ژن‌های دیگر، که درصد مشابهی از GC با ژن FOXE1 دارند به‌کار گرفته شود.

Poultry semen cryopreservation technology is one of the most direct methods to protect poultry germplasm, and in this study, the back and abdomen massage method is used to collect the semen of 20 Huoyan male geese, which is on the basis of EK diluent adding different combinations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and trehalose, in total 7 different combinations treatments were achieved: D1T0 (5%DMSO), D1T1 (5% DMSO + 50 mM trehalose), D1T2 (5%DMSO + 100 mM trehalose), D2T0 (10% DMSO), D2T1 (10% DMSO + 50 mM trehalose), D2T2 (10% DMSO + 100 mol trehalose) and no addition group D0T0 (0% DMSO + 0 mM trehalose). Diluted semen was frozen in granules in liquid nitrogen vapour. After thawing in 40°C water bath, determinate sperm livability, acrosome integrity, plasma membrane integrity, catalase (CAT) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and the results showed that 10% DMSO and 0.05 mol/L trehalose could significantly improve the sperm motility, acrosome integrity rate and plasma membrane integrity rate after thawing, and significantly increase the levels of antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD and GSH-Px in seminal plasma (P

Introduction: Vincristine is a vesicant chemotherapeutic agent which may leak from the vessel at the infusion site to the perivascular tissue and cause extravasation. Extravasation, a severe complication of chemotherapeutic drugs, can result in tissue necrosis that is considered an oncological emergency. Case report: We aimed to report a case of a 29-year-old woman with ALL-B cell (Acute lymphoblastic leukemia) on maintenance chemotherapy regimen including vincristine, methotrexate, prednisolone, and 6-mercaptopurine (POMP). 48 h after administering intravenous vincristine, the patient experienced burning, pain and tenderness at the injection site (left hand – cubital cavity). Management & outcome: 7 days after the onset of symptoms, the patient was hospitalized with a large brown lesion at the site. She was prescribed betamethasone cream, DSMO (Dimethyl sulfoxide) solution, and oral levofloxacin on his second day after admission. The lesion was completely improved 10 days after initiation of therapy and there were no serious problems. Discussion: Due to the ineffectiveness of antidote therapy for the management of delayed extravasation of vincristine and beneficial effect of our clinical approach, it could consider for the management of similar cases with delayed extravasation following vincristine administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cabozantinib malate (CBZM), a new anticancer medication, has been studied for its solubility and thermodynamic properties in a variety of {dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + water (H2O)} mixtures at 298.2–318.2 K and 101.1 kPa. Using the shake flask technique, the solubility of CBZM was assessed and the results were correlated to the van't Hoff, Apelblat, Buchowski–Ksiazczak λh, Yalkowsky–Roseman, Jouyban–Acree, and Jouyban–Acree-van't Hoff models. There was a significant correlation between the experimental CBZM solubility data and all computational models, as evidenced by the error values for all computational models being less than 5.0%. Temperature and DMSO mass percentage improved the CBZM mole fraction solubility in the cosolvent solutions of {DMSO + H2O}. At 318.2 K, pure DMSO had the highest mole fraction solubility of CBZM (4.38 × 10−2), whereas pure H2O had the lowest mole fraction solubility (2.24 × 10−7 at 298.2 K). The positive values of computed thermodynamic parameters indicated that the dissolution of CBZM was endothermic and entropy-driven in all of the {DMSO + H2O} solutions investigated. It was found that the CBZM solvation in {DMSO + H2O} solutions is governed by enthalpy. When compared to CBZM-H2O, CBZM-DMSO showed the highest molecular interactions. The findings of this investigation demonstrated that DMSO has a great deal of potential for CBZM solubilization in H2O. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine whether lower dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) concentrations would affect long-term bond stability of simplified or multistep water-based adhesives to dry-etched dentin. H 3 PO 4 -etched mid-coronal dentin surfaces from human molars were randomly blot- or air-dried for 30 s and pretreated or not with 5 or 50 % (v/v) ethanolic DMSO solutions. Untreated samples served as control. Samples were bonded with a two-step or a three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive. Restored crown segments (n = 5/group) were stored in distilled water for 24 h and sectioned for microtensile bond strength testing. Resin-dentin beams (0.8 mm2) were tested under tension until fracture (0.5 mm/min) after 24 h and one year of storage in artificial saliva at 37 °C. Nanoleakage evaluation and hybrid layer characterization were performed by SEM. Bond strength data was examined by three-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test (α = 0.05). Results: Dry bonding produced significantly lower bond strengths than conventional wet bonding for both water-based adhesive systems (p < 0.05). DMSO-dry bonding restored bond strengths and reduced nanoleakage levels, regardless of adhesive type or DMSO concentration (p < 0.05). Bond strengths of DMSO-dry bonded samples were not significantly affected by long-term ageing regardless of adhesive type or DMSO concentration (p < 0.05). Although bonding methacrylate-based resins to etched dentin is normally performed under wet conditions, hybridization of air-dried collagen can outperform conventional wet bonding by employing water-free DMSO solutions with concentrations as low as 5 %. Reduced moisture-related technique sensitivity, higher bonding performance and improved hybrid layer stability may contribute to extend the service life of resin-dentin bonding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sterile alpha and Toll/interleukin receptor motif-containing protein 1 (SARM1) is a NAD+ hydrolase that plays a key role in axonal degeneration and neuronal cell death. We reported that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activates SARM1 through phosphorylation at Ser-548. The importance of SARM1 phosphorylation in the pathological process of Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been determined. We thus conducted the present study by using rotenone (an inducer of PD-like pathology) and neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from healthy donors and a patient with familial PD PARK2 (FPD2). The results showed that compared to the healthy neurons, FPD2 neurons were more vulnerable to rotenone-induced stress and had higher levels of SARM1 phosphorylation. Similar cellular events were obtained when we used PARK2-knockdown neurons derived from healthy donor iPSCs. These events in both types of PD-model neurons were suppressed in neurons treated with JNK inhibitors, Ca2+-signal inhibitors, or by a SARM1-knockdown procedure. The degenerative events were enhanced in neurons overexpressing wild-type SARM1 and conversely suppressed in neurons overexpressing the SARM1-S548A mutant. We also detected elevated SARM1 phosphorylation in the midbrain of PD-model mice. The results indicate that phosphorylated SARM1 plays an important role in the pathological process of rotenone-induced neurodegeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient TMSOTf‐promoted multicomponent reaction has been developed for the one‐pot synthesis of quinazolin‐4 (3H)‐ones. Using the TMSOTf as a Lewis acid promoter and DMSO as a carbon source, the reaction of isatoic anhydride, primary amines yielded a variety of quinazolines‐4 (3H)‐ones. Additionally, TMSOTf promoted the reaction of 2‐amino‐N‐substituted benzamide with DMSO yielding the same scaffolds in high yields. However, the use of DMSO‐d6 as a solvent in the reaction enabled the incorporation of the −CD moiety in quinazolines‐4 (3H)‐one skeleton. This proves that DMSO plays a twin role as a C1 source and solvent. Various functional groups containing a wide range of quinazolin‐4 (3H)‐ones and other heterocycles were developed employing this methodology. Also, the synthetic methodology has been extended for the synthesis of 3‐(2‐carboxyphenyl)‐4‐(3H)‐quinazolinone, as an anti‐endotoxic drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work is concerned with experimental results of viscosimetric properties of materials biopolymer of chitosan solutions in HCl acid and dimethyl sulphoxide DMSO. The dynamic viscosity of solutions of Chitosan CH + DMSO/HCl over a wide range of concentrations (1 to 10) g/l and at different temperatures (293.15 to 318.15) K was measured. The reduced dynamic viscosity and the activation energy of reduced dynamic viscosity Eη are calculated. Biopolymer solutions exhibit a critical concentration c*, separating the dilute solutions and semi-dilute solutions. The most important results refer to the activation energy of reduced dynamic viscosity found from Arrhenius plots. The dependence of the activation energy on solution concentration and temperature is discussed. The biopolymer CH behaviour can be extrapolated from the Flory-Huggins theory by decomposing such as Eη = (Eη)di + (Eη)sdi + (Eη)cri. The dilute solution behaviour of Arrhenius is described by the CH-DMSO/HCL interaction and represented by the function (Eη)di. For the semi-dilute solution behaviour of non-Arrhenius which is described by the interaction between the CH-CH and represented by the function (Eη)sdi. The critical solution behaviour is described by the interaction between the CH-CHDMSO/HCl and represented by the function (Eη)cri. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of plasmids into Agrobacterium cells is one of the key steps in the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of plants for gene editing applications. Depending on chromosomal background, some Agrobacterium strains exhibit a very low transformation efficiency, which results in a low number of colonies for subsequent screening and thus limits the potential for automated high-throughput transformation processes, especially with low copy or large plasmids. This study demonstrates improvements of transformation frequency by modifying the competent cell preparation process and optimizing electroporation parameters for two Agrobacterium strains. The competent cell preparation process was modified by prolonging bacterial growth in the log phase and optimizing the endpoint cell density for cell harvest which resulted in a significant cell yield increase and transformation frequency improvement. Optimization of electroporation by fine-tuning the parameters not only resulted in a 30-fold transformation frequency increase but also revealed a strain-dependent requirement for field strength and electric pulse length. To further improve transformation of a recalcitrant strain, different concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in recovery medium were examined. The study revealed an important role of DMSO in transformed cell recovery, with 5% DMSO resulting in the highest transformation frequency. The significant improvements in Agrobacterium transformation frequency addressed a critical bottleneck towards establishing a high throughput process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intracranial (IC) locoregional delivery of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells presents an attractive delivery method to central nervous system tumors. Although IC delivery is actively being employed in early-phase clinical studies, no thaw/wash methods have been published to remove the neurotoxic cryoprotectant dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) from CAR T-cell products before IC administration. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a simple thaw/wash procedure. We developed a thaw/wash procedure that consist of product thaw at 37°C, equilibration for 5 min in 1 volume of preservative-free normal saline (PFNS), dilution with an additional 8 volumes of PFNS, removal of DMSO through a washing step, resuspension in 2.0 mL of PFNS and storage in a syringe at 20–25°C. Final formulated products (FPs) were assessed for quality and safety attributes and stability over 3 h from the completion of the thaw. Stability parameters included CAR T-cell viability, transgene surface expression and cytolytic activity. The developed procedure reduced the calculated % of DMSO to less than 0.025%. FP cell viability and recovery (versus pre-cryopreservation) were within acceptable specifications (mean viability: 85.3%, range: 83%–88%; total nucleated cell recovery mean: 76.5%, range: 65.4%–82.5%). Other prespecified quality assurance/quality control parameters including appearance/ integrity, sterility and endotoxin level (≤1.0 EU/mL), were also met by all FPs (n = 3). Three hours' post thaw/wash stability was confirmed. All products maintained cell viability greater than 70% (mean, 80.0%; range, 79%–81%), with no significant change in transgene expression or cytolytic activity of B7-H3-CAR T cells compared with thawed not diluted/washed control CAR T cells. We have developed a simple thaw/wash procedure to prepare B7-H3-CAR T cells for their locoregional delivery to the neural axis. While we focus here on CAR T cells, the methods could be readily adapted to other cryopreserved immune effector cell products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural and dynamical properties of heterocyclic organic compound isatin in the solution state with DMSO has been studied in the frequency region of 10 MHz to 50 GHz over the temperature range of 273.15–298.15 K using time domain reflectometry. High- and low-frequency relaxation has been observed for Isatin + DMSO. The high-frequency relaxation peak is due to free DMSO molecules while low-frequency relaxation peak is attributed to isatin. Dielectric permittivity, static dielectric constant, relaxation time, dipole moment, correlation factor along with thermodynamical parameters have been calculated. Molecular interaction has been discussed broadly under solute–solute, solute–solvent, and solvent–solvent category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curcumin (CurH3) forms a blue derivative (CurH2–) when it combines with superoxide radicals. The blue coloring is caused by the proton loss of curcumin to the superoxide radicals. In DMSO, in the presence of excess NaOH and dissolved oxygen, superoxide radicals are produced by consuming the hydroxyl ion which causes the deprotonation of curcumin (Cur3–) and gives the corresponding orange color. The production of superoxide radicals increased as it was more exposed to air (maybe oxygen). As a result, the pH drops, and the orange derivative is protonated by one H+ ion, producing the corresponding blue color derivative (CurH2–). The conversion of the orange derivate to the blue derivative may suggest the presence of oxygen in the surrounding atmosphere, allowing the feasibility of a novel oxygen sensor. The physicochemical characteristics and stability of this blue-colored curcumin derivative are investigated. The distinct color shifts of curcumin upon the addition of different volumes of NaOH were also investigated. The UV-Vis and FTIR analyses were used to study the stability of the blue curcumin derivative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N-Arenesulfonyl α-hydroxyamides are conveniently synthesized from N-arylethynylsulfonamides (ynamides) via oxidation with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the presence of equivalent of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH) followed by treatment with water. In this reaction, ynamides are activated by protonation with TfOH and then undergo double DMSO nucleophilic addition and subsequent hydrolysis. Investigations on the substrate scope indicate N-arenesulfonyl and arylethynyl substituted ynamides proceed the oxidation well. Compared to the previous methods, the current method realizes the direct conversion from N-arylethynylsulfonamides to N-arenesulfonyl α-hydroxyamides with mild DMSO as a nucleophilic oxidant in the presence of strong acid trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of the title compound, [RuCl2(C7H10N2)2(C2H6OS)2], has monoclinic (P21/n) symmetry. The Ru—N distances of the coordination compound are influenced by the trans chloride or dimethylsulfoxide-κS ligands. The molecular structure exhibits disorder for two of the terminal methyl groups of a dimethyl sulfoxide ligand.

Abstract Introduction Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an amphipathic molecule with innate biological activity that also is used to dissolve both polar and nonpolar compounds in preclinical and clinical studies. Recent investigations of dronabinol, a cannabinoid, dissolved in DMSO demonstrated decreased sleep apnea frequency and time spent in REM sleep in rats. Here, we tested the effects of dronabinol dissolved in 25% DMSO diluted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to rule out potentiating effects of DMSO. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats were anesthetized and implanted with bilateral stainless steel screws into the skull for electroencephalogram recording and bilateral wire electrodes into the nuchal muscles for electromyogram recording. Each animal was recorded by polysomnography. The study was a fully nested, repeated measures crossover design, such that each rat was recorded following each of 8 intraperitoneal injections separated by three days: vehicle (25% DMSO/PBS); vehicle and CB1 antagonist (AM 251); vehicle and CB2 antagonist (AM 630); vehicle and CB1/CB2 antagonist; dronabinol (CB1/CB2 agonist); dronabinol and CB1 antagonist; dronabinol and CB2 antagonist; and dronabinol and CB1/CB2 antagonists. Sleep was manually scored into NREM and REM stages, and sleep apneas were quantified. Results Dronabinol dissolved in 25% DMSO did not suppress sleep apneas or modify sleep efficiency compared to vehicle controls, in contrast to previously published results. However, dronabinol did suppress REM sleep, which is in line with previously published results. Conclusions Dronabinol in 25% DMSO partially potentiated dronabinol’s effects, suggesting a concomitant biological effect of DMSO on breathing during sleep.

Differentiated HepaRG cells are popular in vitro cell models for hepatotoxicity studies. Their differentiation is usually supported by the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), an amphipathic solvent widely used in biomedicine, for example, in potential novel therapeutic drugs and cryopreservation of oocytes. Recent studies have demonstrated drastic effects, especially on epigenetics and extracellular matrix composition, induced by DMSO, making its postulated inert character doubtful. In this work, the influence of DMSO and DMSO-mediated modulation of differentiation on human adenovirus (HAdV) infection of HepaRG cells was investigated. We observed an increase in infectivity of HepaRG cells by HAdVs in the presence of 1% DMSO. However, this effect was dependent on the type of medium used for cell cultivation, as cells in William’s E medium showed significantly stronger effects compared with those cultivated in DMEM. Using different DMSO concentrations, we proved that the impact of DMSO on infectability was dose-dependent. Infection of cells with a replication-deficient HAdV type demonstrated that the mode of action of DMSO was based on viral entry rather than on viral replication. Taken together, these results highlight the strong influence of the used cell-culture medium on the performed experiments as well as the impact of DMSO on infectivity of HepaRG cells by HAdVs. As this solvent is widely used in cell culture, those effects must be considered, especially in screening of new antiviral compounds.

Pemisahan n-propil asetat dari campuran terner n-propil asetat/n-propanol/air merupakan salah satu proses yang tidak dapat dilakukan dengan distilasi sederhana. Adanya azeotrop terner minimum dari campuran tersebut menyebabkan n-propil asetat hanya dapat dipisahkan dari campuran n-propanol dan air salah satunya dengan metode distilasi ekstraktif. Distilasi ekstraktif merupakan proses vaporisasi parsial dengan menambahkan suatu agen pemisah non-volatil yang disebut sebagai sovent atau agen ekstraktif. Solvent yang digunakan dalam simulasi proses ini adalah campuran DMSO (Dimetil Sulfoksida) dan Gliserol dengan komposisi 50 % massa dengan perbandingan 1:2 untuk massa umpan kolom : solvent. Feed yang digunakan adalah n-propanol (10 kmol/jam) dan asam asetat (13 kmol/jam) masing-masing pada suhu 25°C dan tekanan 101,3 kPa. Hasil n-propil asetat terbaik diperoleh saat solvent diumpankan pada stage 5 dengan fraksi mol n-propil asetat pada distilat 0,9975 disertai dengan minimumnya energi reboiler yang digunakan pada konfigurasi kolom ini. n-Propyl acetate separation of the n-propyl acetate /n-propanol/water mixture composition can't be done by simple distillation. The existence of minimum ternary azeotrope on the mixture causes n-propyl acetate can be separated only by extractive distillation method. Extractive distillation is a partial vaporization process in the presence of a non-volatile separating agent called as solvent or extractive agent. Solvent used in the simulation process is DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide)-Glycerol mixture (50% mass) with a ratio of 1: 2 for column feed : solvent. n-Propanol (10 kmol/hour) and acetic acid (13 kmol/hour) are fed into reactor (before extractive distillation process) at 25°C and 101.3 kPa, respectively. The best results of n-propyl acetate were obtained when the solvent was fed to stage 5 in which mole fraction of n-propyl acetate in distillate 0.9975 accompanied by the minimum reboiler energy used in this column configuration.

Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dentin pretreatment by Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) on the bond strength and microleakage of a universal bonding agent to dentin. Methods Fifty-six dentinal discs (thickness = 2 mm) were obtained from the crowns of the human third molars. The disks were assigned into 4 groups and treated as follows; self-etch-control group: G-Premio universal adhesive was used in self-etch mode, total-etch-control: G-Premio universal adhesive was used in total-etch mode, self-etch-DMSO: Water-based DMSO (50% volume) was applied on the samples for 60 s followed by application of G-Premio universal adhesive in self-etch mode, and Total-etch-DMSO: The samples were etched, and then, water-based DMSO was applied on them for 60 s followed by the application of G-Premio universal adhesive in total-etch mode. Afterward, resin composite was placed on all samples and light-cured. The samples were kept in distilled water and subjected to 5000 thermal cycles. Microshear bond strength was measured using the universal testing machine and failure modes were analyzed using a stereomicroscope. Forty-eight human third molars were used for microleakage evaluation and a standardized class five cavity was prepared on the buccal surface of each tooth. The teeth were assigned into 4 groups and received aforementioned surface treatment and the cavities were filled with resin composite. After storing in water for 24 h, the samples were subjected to 5000 cycles of thermocycling and the microleakage level of the samples was evaluated using silver nitrate uptake at the bonded interface. Two-way ANOVA test was used to analyze the effect of bonding technique (self-etch/ total-etch) and DMSO pretreatment on the microshear bond strength and microleakage of G-Premio adhesive to dentin. Results Bonding technique had no effect on the bond strength values (p = 0.17) while DMSO pretreatment significantly decreased the microshear bond strength of the samples (p = 0.001). DMSO application increased microleakage significantly in total-etch (P-value = 0.02) while it had no effect in self-etch mode (P-value = 0.44). Conclusions Pretreatment of dentin using 50% DMSO significantly reduced the bond strength of G-Premio Bond in both self-etch and total-etch modes. DMSO effect on microleakage depended on the etching technique; DMSO increased the microleakage level when the adhesive was used in total-etch mode while did not affect the microleakage in self-etch mode.