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Cities, defined materially by concreted surfaces and geometrically shaped structures, have a novel ecology, a "grey space". Grey spaces are criticized for their lack of salubrity in contrast to blue and green spaces enriched by natural biodiversity. How might cities become salubrious? We consider urban play as a source of surplus value both in the context of capitalist frames of labour vs. leisure and societal frames of obedience vs. deviance. We also discuss how some skate play is more ineffable, such as play that is for its own sake, deep play, edgework, and Promethean play. We explore these various facets of skate play in three spatial settings: (1) City-built skateparks, (2) DIY skateparks, and (3) Street spots. We then consider the more ineffable forms of skate play in the context of a Marxist framework of unalienated labour and argue that its unique reimaging of banal urban architecture: stairs, curbs, ledges, etc. creates a diversity of surplus value in the city. These more ineffable forms of play provide unique potential for human fulfilment and identity creation. Grey spaces can be enriched by social play diversity if cities open spaces for citizens to comfortably and naturally initiate diverse frames of play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the vital role of creativity in engineering design, emphasizing that generating innovative solutions is essential for addressing complex problems and creating tangible products. Topics include the relationship between creativity and engineering design; and the importance of creativity in educational settings for fostering skills such as critical thinking and imaginations.

In August 2010, as part of Summer Streets, a citywide initiative to celebrate "New York City's most valuable public space [its streets]," the Department of Transportation installed three mobile pools, made from dumpsters, on Park Avenue between 40th and 41st streets. The choice of dumpster swimming pools as keystone attractions for 2010 Summer Streets is not only testament to the need for a summer cool-down but also participates in the long history that public pools have played in urban planning as markers of a community's health and well-being. Through tracing the mobile pools' connections to the Do-It-Yourself (DIY)-aesthetic practice and public swimming pool history, I argue that although the dumpster pools were intended as a popular intervention to reconfigure socio-spatial relationships, the effectiveness of that intervention was varied. The pools recapitulated notions of private leisure and failed to participate in the actual city surroundings—allowing privileged participants to perform an ethical commitment to re-use and public good without promoting change for the actual communities in need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kulon Progo is a poorest district and has the highest development inequality in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) based on Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) publication. The local government has made various efforts to overcome the problems, one of which is by establishing growth centers since 2003. However, Kulon Progo Regency has experienced rapid development with the existence of Yogyakarta International Airport, which affected the dynamics of regional growth centers. The purpose of this study is to identify the potential Rural Growth Center (PPD) and identify the spatial patterns of PPD shifts in Kulon Progo to see the trickle down effect. This study used descriptive quantitative methods using scalogram index, centrality index, urban network analysis, and gravity index, also moran’s I index and Local Indicator Of Spatial Association (LISA). The results showed that there was a shift in rural growth centers, but the spatial analysis did not show any trickle down effect from rural growth centers that had been formed before. However, new centers were formed that were not related to the previous rural growth centers. These results indicates that the rural growth centers in Kulon Progo cannot have a growth effect on the surrounding area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the early 2010s, a phenomenon known as do-it-yourself (DIY) fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) emerged as lay individuals began self-administering FMTs at home. Although prior research indicates that many individuals who perform DIY FMT have sought advice from healthcare providers, to date there has been no investigation of physicians' experiences with DIY FMT. The objective of this qualitative study was to examine the attitudes of physicians who offer FMT regarding the practice of DIY FMT and to assess how they navigated the ethical challenges of patient requests for DIY FMT. Methods: We recruited physicians listed on two patient-created online databases of FMT providers. All physicians who indicated having been approached for advice about DIY FMT were included in the study. Semi-structured interviews with physicians explored their attitudes toward and experiences with DIY FMT. Results: Of 18 physicians interviewed, one reported having provided counsel in response to an initial patient inquiry about DIY FMT, 2 indicated they explicitly advised against DIY FMT and refused to provide advice, and 15 fell in a middle category of discouraging DIY FMT and discussing reasons why. Among the physicians in this third category, four reported that they had changed their approach to providing counsel in response to a patient telling them they were going to perform DIY FMT anyway. Conclusions: Physicians in our study employed a wide range of strategies for promoting safety in the DIY FMT context, from explicitly advising against the procedure to the provision of guidance aimed at mitigating potential harms. While there has been increasing attention to the practices of DIY medicine, this study underscores the need for greater attention to the ethically complex situations that physicians face when patients request guidance for unapproved at-home treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, technology developed by people with diabetes and their loved ones has added to the options for diabetes management. One such example is that of automated insulin delivery (AID) algorithms, which were created and shared as open source by people living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) years before commercial systems were first available. Now, numerous options for commercial systems exist in some countries, yet tens of thousands of people with diabetes are still choosing Open-Source AID (OS-AID), previously called "do-it-yourself" (DIY) systems, which are noncommercial versions of these open-source AID systems. In this article, we provide point and counterpoint perspectives regarding (1) safety and efficacy, (2) regulation and support, (3) user choice and flexibility, (4) access and affordability, and (5) patient and provider education, for open source and commercial AID systems. The perspectives reflected here include that of a person living with T1D who uses and has developed OS-AID systems, a physician-researcher based in the United States who conducts clinical trials to support development of commercial AID systems and supports people with diabetes using all types of AID, and an endocrinologist with T1D who uses both systems and treats people with diabetes using all types of AID [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air cleaning reduces indoor exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during wildfire smoke events. However, resource and cost constraints may limit access to air cleaning during such an event, as both commercial devices and the higher-rated MERV filters that do-it-yourself (DIY) assemblies typically rely upon tend to be expensive and in short supply. With these constraints in mind, we developed and evaluated several configurations of a novel, DIY air cleaner that uses common household fabrics as filtration media. Clean air delivery rates (CADRs) of the devices were experimentally evaluated in two ways: first, with independent measurements of flowrates and single pass removal efficiencies, and second, via pull-down testing in a large chamber. With two layers of cotton batting fabric and a flowrate-increasing cardboard shroud attached, the device achieved particulate matter CADRs of 162, 134, and 206 m3/h in 0.02–0.3, 0.3–1, and 1–2.5 µm particle diameter bins, respectively, during chamber testing. Results indicate that these simple, inexpensive, fabric configurations can meaningfully reduce PM2.5 levels in smaller zones of a home, and thus represent a viable option for improving indoor air quality during rapid-onset air pollution events, such as wildfires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fashion industry's heightened focus on sustainable production has enhanced the emergence of varied eco-conscious procedures such as re-upcycling. Nonetheless, the multiple steps required for such procedures often lead to more expensive products, consequently lowering consumers' motivation to purchase such products. Do-it-yourself (DIY) fashion videos can motivate individuals to try DIY fashion, while promoting sustainable production and consumption of clothing. This study tested if DIY fashion videos could be used to change the perception among Thai youth on the DIY sustainable fashion. An Instagram profile named 'Broke Vogue' was created and it shared a variety of DIY fashion-related contents and activities. The page gained 300 followers during the six weeks it was active. The profile also invited participants to take a survey to evaluate their attitudes towards DIY fashion. This served as the data source of this study. The majority of participants in the survey were university students (N = 102, 73.5 per cent women). The results confirmed that participants developed a positive opinion concerning DIY fashion after visiting the page. However, it also strengthened some negative stereotypes as participants were more confident that DIY fashion was not appropriate for senior citizens or citizens with financial issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the 2010–12 earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand, and the subsequent demolition of multiple buildings within the central business district, a host of creative projects emerged intermittently as vacant spaces appeared in the betweenness of demolition and rebuild. This widespread do-it-yourself (DIY) urbanism brought back life and energy to the city. These expressions demonstrated how citizens can be involved in the (re-)making of a city through projects that experiment with ideas about what it means to be urban and what is possible in urban space. These projects inhabit an alter-temporality that treats the future as open-ended and time as an active force in the becoming of things. Understanding the temporality of such urban engagement in Christchurch holds significance for understanding the value of open experimentation in cities in general and the importance of process to urban learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an innovative, holistic, and comprehensive approach to drone-based imaging spectroscopy based on a small, cost-effective, and lightweight Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) payload intended for remote sensing applications. The payload comprises a push-broom imaging spectrometer built in-house with readily available Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components. This approach encompasses the entire process related to drone-based imaging spectroscopy, ranging from payload design, field operation, and data processing to the extraction of scientific data products from the collected data. This work focuses on generating directly georeferenced imaging spectroscopy datacubes using a Do-It-Yourself (DIY) imaging spectrometer, which is based on COTS components and freely available software and methods. The goal is to generate a remote sensing reflectance datacube that is suitable for retrieving chlorophyll-A (Chl-A) distributions as well as other properties of the ocean spectra. Direct georeferencing accuracy is determined by comparing landmarks in the directly georeferenced datacube to their true location. The quality of the remote sensing reflectance datacube is investigated by comparing the Chl-A distribution on various days with in situ measurements and satellite data products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 1990s zine distros—small-scale, DIY distributors—emerged to become a vital part of zine communities by addressing the lack of established distribution channels, championing the medium, and fostering community. Before distros moved online in the 2000s, some produced paper catalogs to market and sell the zines they carried. These publications are complex documents that offer important information about zine distribution and culture unavailable elsewhere. This article considers the function of zine distros and what their catalogs can tell us. The first section provides an overview of 1990s zine distribution and examines how and why distros emerged when they did, arguing that distros offered something unique and important among distribution methods: distribution overseen by those embedded in zine communities that afforded creators the opportunity to reach a wider but controlled audience within a framework that valued support, participation, and community building. Yet a close examination of distros also reveals some of the problems inherent in these volunteer-run projects. The latter portion of this article analyzes catalogs produced by several distros. Catalogs, although short lived, document an important window of time: the emergence of distros, their optimism and efforts, and the role they played in zine distribution and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores do-it-yourself (DIY) and maker practices within sound and electronics through a close reading of Electronics and music maker magazine, first published in the UK in 1981 by electronic component supplier Maplin electronics. Comparisons are made between these sonic cultures of making of the early 1980s and more contemporary activity and commentary within the field. Themes used to make these comparisons are community, activism, learning and teaching, and experimentalism. Differences and similarities between sonic DIY practices defined as orthodox and experimental are considered; questions relating to what constitutes sonic DIY practice in a changing sociotechnical landscape are raised; shifting community identities and tensions within sound technology interest groups are discussed; and motivations and methods for the support of learning sound electronics are compared. The paper makes a novel contribution to contextual histories and theories of DIY sound and technology practices, which typically cite radio hams of the early twentieth century and experimental music of the 1960s/70s as precursors to current activities. It brings a breadth of scholarship from the wider field of maker culture to bear on sound-specific DIY practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an exercise in critical breaking. We take the promotional material for a newly 'rejuvenated' area in Ankara, Turkey, and tear out images and text. This is not to re-assemble a critical story of the urban development project; instead, we seek to mirror the process of its marketing. We explore the dynamic shifting and splintered nationhood constructed and marketed in this tourist site. This project is distinct in embracing its fragmented-ness into what/if space, embodying divergent historical trajectories. It implicates a speculative aspect, which is consequential for the political imagination reflected within the site. We use zine, as a mode of presentation, which with its DIY ethos mounts a polyvocal critique of stagecraft and a feminist-inspired challenge to heritage storytelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Joint access is essential for arthrocentesis, or joint aspiration of fluids. Joint treatments that are not performed properly can result in avoidable patient issues such as damage to the muscles, tendons, and blood vessels surrounding the joint. The use of ultrasound has become the gold standard for this procedure and proven to be a support in the skill learning process. However, success with this equipment, particularly in small joints like the wrist, depends on a clinician's capacity to recognize the crucial landmarks that guide these procedures. Prior to executing on a real patient, task trainers have proven to be an effective way for doctors to practice and prepare for procedures. However, shortcomings of current solutions include high purchase costs, incompatibility with ultrasound imaging, and low reusability. In addition, since this is a procedure that is not performed frequently, there may not be space or resources available in healthcare facilities to accommodate one at the point of care. This study aimed to close the existing gap by developing a DIY ultrasound compatible task trainer for wrist joint access training. Results: We developed a novel ultrasound compatible wrist joint model that can be made from sustainable materials and reusable parts, thus reducing the costs for acquisition and environmental impact. Our model, which was produced utilizing small-batch production methods, is made up of 3D-printed bones enclosed in an ultrasound-compatible gelatin mixture. It can be easily remade after each practice session, removing needle tracks that are visible under ultrasound for conventional phantoms. The ultrasonic properties of this model were tested through pixel brightness analysis and visual inspection of simulated anatomical structures. Conclusion: Our results report the advantages and limitations of the proposed model regarding production, practice, and ultrasound compatibility. While future work entails the transfer to patients of the same skill, this reusable and replicable model has proven, when presented to experts, to be successful in representing the physical characteristics and ultrasound profile of significant anatomical structures. This novel DIY product could be an effective alternative to teach procedures in the context of resource-restrained clinical simulation centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the multifunctional cosmetic product SOFTISAN ® MagicPOWDER S, which has been awarded for its versatility. The powder consists of the ingredients tricaprylin and Acacia Senegal Gum and can be used in various applications such as DIY emulsions, exfoliants, cleansing powders, and serums. It allows the formation of emulsions without emulsifiers and offers various functions depending on the concept. The powder has a gentle exfoliating effect and an immediate anti-wrinkle effect. It is a natural and vegan ingredient made from renewable sources and is safe and non-nano. [Extracted from the article]

Non-establishment or do-it-yourself (DIY) science involves individuals who may not have formal training conducting experiments outside of institutional settings. While prior scholarship has examined the motivations and values of those involved in the subset of DIY science known as "DIY biology," little research has addressed how these individuals navigate ethical issues in practice. The present study therefore aimed to understand how DIY biologists identify, approach, and resolve one particular ethical issue—biosafety—in their work. We conducted a digital ethnography of Just One Giant Lab (JOGL), the primary hub for DIY biology during the COVID-19 pandemic, and subsequently conducted interviews with individuals involved with JOGL. We found that JOGL was the first global DIY biology initiative to create a Biosafety Advisory Board and develop formal biosafety guidelines that applied to different groups in multiple locations. There was disagreement, however, regarding whether the Board should have an advisory role or provide mandatory oversight. We found that JOGL practiced ethical gatekeeping of projects that fell outside the limits defined by the Board. Our findings show that the DIY biology community recognized biosafety issues and tried to build infrastructure to facilitate the safe conduct of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic ethical principles that underlie biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects - respect for persons, beneficence, and justice - face deterioration and decline in the future envisioned in cyberpunk and dystopian science fiction. In the near-future setting of the first-person role-playing game Cyberpunk 2077, well-being, longevity, and enhancements are the privileges of corporate elites. However, they can be partially afforded across social strata thanks to the grassroots and do-it-yourself "ripperdoc" clinics. Some people can live for as long as 150 years; most die young due to crime and extreme social disparities, but all have access to a range of life-enhancing treatments advocated and envisioned by transhumanist scholars. In recent novels that represent post-cyberpunk genres, such as Neal Stephenson's Fall; or, Dodge in Hell (2019), the distribution of advanced technologies such as personality constructs and mind uploads becomes problematic. The ripperdoc is replaced by an afterlife "game-maker", a maverick of world-building who sells virtual real estate to those who can afford their place in the expanding cloud of afterlife worlds. This article focuses on the evolution of the theme of affordability and access to biotechnology and how it becomes more nuanced and aligned with current discussions around resources, climate change, and social disparities in access to healthcare and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the growth of liberationist LGBTQ and feminist community-based, collectively run newspapers, journals, and small presses in the United States during the 1970s, looking at three distinct, interrelated points of cultural and political tension that these publications and presses faced. The first was the need for publications to define a specific community of readers at a time when stable definitions of community were fluid and often highly contested. The second tension concerned these groups' grappling with the interplay between the radical politics of these publications and their collectives and the more assimilationist, often conservative, groups and journals that came before them, and to which they were, in some ways, indebted—a tension that led to a desire to uncover a history of same-sex and feminist activities as an affirmation of their identity, leading to a plethora of sloppy historical conjecture and misinformation that created a "feel good" sense of the past that was often at odds with the groups' usually more rigorous sense of historical analysis. The third tension was how these groups could maintain their liberationist political identities as discussion of same-sex themes were becoming more prevalent—even marketable—in mainstream media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the material culture of charity and philanthropy, arguing that objects and artifacts related to charitable causes and campaigns are important sources for research and teaching. Recent scholarship explores the challenges faced in preserving and enabling access to records of charitable organizations but rarely examines material objects in this context. Yet charity objects can be engaging, stimulating, and insightful when used with both public audiences and students. This article offers an outline of object-based learning (OBL) in higher education. It then explores how teaching the history of charity and philanthropy through objects requires pedagogical innovations beyond the museum-based approaches which tend to dominate much OBL practice and suggests more portable, accessible, and affordable solutions. The paper ends by examining the pedagogical benefits of teaching the history of charity and philanthropy through material culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For several years, he specifications of cultural structures have called for a link between artistic proposal and mediation. Many artists redefine their work and their practice at the crossroads of these still too distinct poles from the point of view of public policies. The social dimension of culture is more topical than ever, as it contributes to the challenge of living together. In this context where cultural rights become essential, we choose a pragmatist approach to understand the forces at play. We report the deployment of projects where the different actors get off to a good start with a guideline that addresses the inhabitants through multiple collaborations and more the methodological DIY put in place. Seizing it can be a challenge with regard to the voluntarism in action at the edge of the framework of existing devices. This is the challenge taken up by the rhyzomatic project of the C(h)œur des femmes carried by Vanille Fiaux. As a starting point for our reflection within the research collective PACE (Publics-Artists-Creations-Expériences), the project has made it possible to highlight the various challenges of the artist's emergence, of the invisible of his work and of the cultural rights at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]