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Abstract All-polymer aqueous batteries, featuring electrodes and electrolytes made entirely from polymers, advance wearable electronics through their processing ease, inherent safety, and sustainability. Challenges persist with the instability of polymer electrode redox products in aqueous environments, which fail to achieve high performance in all-polymer aqueous batteries. Here, we report a polymer-aqueous electrolyte designed to stabilize polymer electrode redox products by modulating the solvation layers and forming a solid-electrolyte interphase. Polyaniline is selected as an example for its dual functionality as a cathode or anode working by p/n doping mechanisms. This approach pioneers the application of polyaniline as an anode and enhances the high-voltage stability of polyaniline cathode in an aqueous electrolyte. The resulting all-polymer aqueous sodium-ion battery with polyaniline as symmetric electrodes exhibits a high capacity of 139 mAh/g, energy density of 153 Wh/kg, and a retention of over 92% after 4800 cycles. Spectroscopic characterizations have elucidated the hydration structure, solid-electrolyte interphase, and dual-ion doping mechanism. Large-scale all-polymer flexible batteries are fabricated with excellent flexibility and recyclability, heralding a paradigmatic approach to sustainable, wearable energy storage.

Abstract Objective Using Optical coherence tomography (OCT), we evaluated the association between peripapillary retinal nerve fiber, macular thickness, macular ganglion cell‐inner plexiform layer, and drug resistance. Methods In this cross‐sectional study, we recruited people diagnosed with epilepsy and healthy controls. People with epilepsy were further stratified as drug‐resistant or non‐drug‐resistant based on their response to anti‐seizure medications. OCT measurements were conducted, and findings in right eye were analyzed. Results Fifty‐one drug‐resistant participants, 37 non‐drug‐resistant, and 45 controls were enrolled. The average peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell‐inner plexiform layer, and macular thickness were thinner in the epilepsy groups than in controls. The drug‐resistant group had significantly lower average ganglion cell‐inner plexiform layer thickness (p = 0.004) and a higher proportion of abnormal/borderline GC/IPL thickness (p = 5.40E‐04) than the non‐drug‐resistant group. Nevertheless, no significant differences were seen between the average thickness of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber and macular thickness. The temporal sectors of these three parameters were also significantly thinner in the drug‐resistant group than in the non‐drug‐resistant. In a multivariate regression model, drug resistance was an independent predictor of reduced ganglion cell‐inner plexiform thickness (Odds ratios OR = 10.25, 95% CI 2.82 to 37.28). Increased seizure frequency (r = −0.23, p = 0.039) and a higher number of anti‐seizure medications ever used (r = −0.27, p = 0.013) were negatively associated with ganglion cell‐inner plexiform layer thickness. Significance Individuals with drug‐resistant epilepsy had a consistent reduction in average ganglion cell‐inner plexiform layer thickness and the temporal sector of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness. This suggests that ganglion cell‐inner plexiform layer thickness could potentially serve as an indicator of the burden of drug resistance, as it correlated with reduced thickness in individuals having more frequent seizures and greater exposure to ASMs. Plain Language Summary In our study, we used a special tool called OCT to measure how thick the retina is in people with epilepsy and in healthy control. We found that the retina was consistently thinner in all areas for those with epilepsy compared to healthy control. Particularly, a specific layer called the ganglion cell‐inner plexiform layer was a lot thinner in the group that didn't respond to medications, and this thinning was related to how often seizures occurred and how much medications were taken. Also, certain parts of the retina were thinner in the drug‐resistant group.

Abstract Migraine is a common bi-directional comorbidity of epilepsy, indicating potential complex interactions between the two conditions. However, no previous studies have used brain morphology analysis to assess possible interactions between epilepsy and migraine. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM), surface-based morphometry (SBM), and structural covariance networks (SCNs) can be used to detect morphological changes with high accuracy. We recruited 30 individuals with epilepsy and comorbid migraine without aura (EM), along with 20 healthy controls (HC) and 30 epilepsy controls (EC) without migraine. We used VBM, SBM, and SCN analysis to compare differences in gray matter volume, cortical thickness, and global level and local level graph theory indexes between the EM, EC, and HC groups to investigate structural brain changes in the EM patients. VBM analysis showed that the EM group had gray matter atrophy in the right temporal pole compared with the HC group (p

Abstract Objectives Epilepsy and migraine are common chronic neurological disease. Epidemiologic studies and shared pathophysiology and treatment suggest that these two diseases overlap. However, migraine is often underestimated among patients with epilepsy. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of migraine and identify the related influencing factors among adult patients with epilepsy. Methods Adult patients with epilepsy were recruited at the outpatient epilepsy clinic of 13 tertiary hospitals in China from February to September 2022. ID Migraine questionnaire was applied to evaluate for migraine. Both univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the influencing factors of migraine. Results A total of 1326 patients with epilepsy were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of migraine among patients with epilepsy was 19.2% (254/1326). In the multivariable analysis, being female (OR = 1.451, 95% CI: 1.068–1.975; p = 0.018), focal and focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (OR = 1.583, 95% CI: 1.090–2.281; p = 0.015), and current seizure attack in the last 3 months (OR = 1.967, 95% CI: 1.282–3.063; p = 0.002) were the influencing factors for migraine. However,

Abstract Objective Several antiseizure medications (ASMs) have been approved for the treatment of focal epilepsy. However, there is a paucity of evidence on direct comparison of ASMs. We evaluated the comparative efficacy and safety of all approved add‐on ASMs for the treatment of focal epilepsy using network meta‐analysis. Methods Data through extensive literature search was retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrial.gov databases using predefined search terms from inception through March 2023. PRISMA reporting guidelines (CRD42023403450) were followed in this study. Efficacy outcomes assessed were ≥50%, ≥75%, and 100% responder rates. Patient retention rate and safety outcomes such as overall treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and individual TEAEs were assessed. “Gemtc” 4.0.4 package was used to perform Bayesian analysis. Outcomes are reported as relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Literature search retrieved 5807 studies of which, 75 studies were included in the analysis. All ASMs showed significantly higher ≥50% responder rate compared with placebo. Except the ≥75% seizure frequency reduction for zonisamide (2.23; 95% CI: 1.00–5.70) and 100% for rufinamide (2.03; 95% CI: 0.54–11.00), all other interventions showed significantly higher ≥75% and 100% responder rates compared with placebo. Among treatments, significantly higher 100% responder rate was observed with cenobamate compared to eslicarbazepine (10.71; 95% CI: 1.56–323.9) and zonisamide (10.63; 95% CI: 1.37–261.2). All ASMs showed a lower patient retention rate compared to placebo, with the least significant value observed for oxcarbazepine (0.77; 95% CI: 0.7–0.84). Levetiracetam showed a lower risk of incidence (1.0; 95%CI: 0.94–1.1; SUCRA: 0.885067) for overall TEAE compared with other medications. Significance All approved ASMs were effective as add‐on treatment for focal epilepsy. Of the ASMs included, cenobamate had the greatest likelihood of allowing patients to attain seizure freedom. Plain Language Summary This article compares the efficacy and safety of antiseizure medications (ASMs) currently available to neurologists in the treatment of epileptic patients. Several newer generation ASMs that have been developed may be as effective or better than the older medications. We included 75 studies in the analysis. In comparison, all drugs improved ≥50%, ≥75% and 100% responder rates compared to control, except for Zonisamide and Rufinamide in the ≥75% and 100% responder rate categories. Retention of patients undergoing treatment was lower in drugs than placebo. All drugs were tolerated, the levetiracetam showed the best tolerability. Cenobamate more likely help completely to reduce seizures.

Abstract A self-made triaxial testing machine with thermal–hydraulic–mechanical–chemical (THMC) coupling and a tubular heating furnace, combined with in situ (IS) micro-computed-tomography technology was utilized in this study. The evolution of pore-fissure (PF) structure parameters (porosity, PF scale distribution, effective PF volume ratio, and permeability) of bituminous coal under stress-free (SF) and IS conditions with temperature was investigated, and then the mechanism of experimental results was analyzed. Results showed that (1) under SF conditions, at 300–550 °C, the coal samples after pyrolysis are dominated by elongated large fissures, with PF structure parameters positively correlating with temperature. After 400 °C, the number of PFs increases, with most PFs having equivalent diameter (R) ≤ 100 μm. (2) Under IS conditions, coal sample fissures are dominated by elongated large fissures at 300–350 °C and by holes at 350–600 °C. (3) Under IS conditions at 300–600 °C, the PF structure parameters of coal samples initially decrease with temperature and subsequently increase. The number of PFs fluctuates within a certain range, and the PF scale distribution dynamically shifts with temperature. (4) After 300 °C, the PF structure parameters of bituminous coal under SF and IS conditions show a bipolar distribution with temperature. Therefore, the weakening effect of stress on the PF structure of coal samples should not be overlooked during IS pyrolysis mining of coal bodies.

Abstract Background As a vital soil-borne pathogenic bacterium, Ralstonia solanacearum can cause wilt disease in multiple Solanaceae plants. Several phages, such as ϕPB2, could infect R. solanacearum acting as a potential biological control agent in soil. In addition, some nanoparticles, especially copper preparation, also showed high toxicity on R. solanacearum with low toxicity on plant. However, whether they can be administered in combination and how effective they are in inhibiting the plant disease caused by R. solanacearum is known very little. Results In this work, the characterization of CuONPs using scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction ascertained the presence of CuONPs which were nanometer particle of 83 nm. Then it was found that combined application of CuONPs with phage (ϕPB2) was superior to that of ϕPB2 or CuONPs alone in controlling tobacco bacterial wilt, with the CuONPs (250 mg/mL) and phage (106 PFU/mL) ratio being the best, at 79.1%. The combination of CuONPs and ϕPB2 also showed no obvious toxicity on tobacco growth than control like single application of CuONPs or ϕPB2. Furthermore, the transcriptome changes of R. solanacearum analysis indicated that the combination application and single allocation of CuONPs could inhibit “biofilm formation”, molecular function, biological processes, cellular components, metabolic process, and so on. In addition, the combination application showed higher inhibition of motility and biofilm, and better enhancement of cell membrane permeability, protein leakage, MDA concentration, and enzyme activity of their respiratory chain dehydrogenase than single application of CuONPs or phage (ϕPB2). Transcriptomes analysis also supported that the addition of ϕPB2 enhanced the toxicity of CuONPs by influencing the ABC transporters and quorum sensing, metabolic processes, and cellular biosynthetic processes of R. solanacearum. Conclusion In total, our work not only proposed a novel way to increase the bactericidal effect of nanomaterials by adding phage, but also discovered the influence, synergistic effects, and mechanisms, which is useful to design novel way to combat phytopathogenic bacteria in the complicated environment. Graphical abstract

ObjectiveTo investigate the short-term efficacy of celiac plexus block combined with the interstitial permanent implantation of 125I seeds in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer (inoperable locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancers). MethodsA total of 100 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer were selected and treated with celiac plexus block combined with the interstitial permanent implantation of 125I seeds under CT guidance. Pain relief and changes in the tumor marker CA19-9 were assessed on the seventh day, the first and third months after surgery. In the third month after surgery, tumor size was assessed by CT. ResultsAmong the 100 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, complete response (CR) was found in 12 cases, partial response (PR) in 78 cases, stable disease in five cases, and progression of disease in five cases three months after surgery. The CA19-9 level and the sum of short and long tumor diameters were significantly decreased (both P

Abstract Within the global architecture, engineering, and construction industry, the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology has significantly expanded. However, given the unique characteristics of road infrastructure, the application of BIM technology is still being explored. This article focuses on the Yuanchen Expressway, exploring innovative applications of BIM technology in comprehensive construction management. The project employs advanced technologies, including BIM, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and the Internet of Things (IoT), to precisely identify critical nodes and breakthroughs. Supported by a detailed BIM model and a multi-level, diversified digital management platform, the project effectively addresses construction challenges in multiple tunnels, bridges, and complex interchanges, achieving intelligent construction innovation throughout the Yuanchen Expressway with BIM technology. By guiding construction through BIM models, utilizing a BIM+GIS-based management cloud platform system, and employing VR safety briefings, the project effectively reduces the difficulty of communication and coordination in project management, shortens the project measurement cycle, improves on-site work efficiency, and ensures comprehensive control and safety management. This article provides an exemplary case for the application of full-line construction management using BIM technology in the highway sector both in China and globally, offering new perspectives and strategies for highway construction management.

Abstract Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is widely recognized as one of the most important plant viruses, causing significant agricultural losses in terms of both quality and yield worldwide each year. This study demonstrated the biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using orange peel extract for effective control of TMV infection both in vitro and in vivo. After treatment with CuONPs (100 mg/L) for 2 h, TMV particles exhibited evident fragmentation in vitro, reducing infectivity on tobacco plants. Similarly, the application of CuONPs on Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) positively impeded viral replication and accumulation in vivo. Interestingly, the expression of systemic resistance-related genes (PR1, PR2, ERF1, and JAZ3) in the host plant was up-regulated by CuONPs treatment, supporting that CuONPs activated plant immunity to inhibit TMV. Importantly, the application of CuONPs (100 mg/L) did not exhibit any toxic effects on tobacco and, instead, resulted in the promotion of chlorophyll content, as well as an increase in the fresh weight and dry weight of the plant when compared to the control treatment. Overall, we proposed that the appropriate concentration of CuONPs (100 mg/L) can directly break viral particles by passivating, boost plant immunity by stimulating systemic acquired resistance (SAR), and provide nutritional supplements to promote plant growth.

Abstract Anion-intercalation lithium metal batteries (AILMBs) are appealing due to their low cost and fast intercalation/de-intercalation kinetics of graphite cathodes. However, the safety and cycliability of existing AILMBs are constrained by the scarcity of compatible electrolytes. Herein, we showcase that a difluoroester can be applied as electrolyte solvent to realize high-performance AILMBs, which not only endows high oxidation resistance, but also efficiently tunes the solvation shell to enable highly reversible and kinetically fast cathode reaction beyond the trifluoro counterpart. The difluoroester-based electrolyte demonstrates nonflammability, high ionic conductivity, and electrochemical stability, along with excellent electrode compatibility. The Li| |graphite AILMBs reach a high durability of 10000 cycles with only a 0.00128% capacity loss per cycle under fast-cycling of 1 A g−1, and retain ~63% of room-temperature capacity when discharging at −65 °C, meanwhile supply stable power output under deformation and overcharge conditions. The electrolyte design paves a promising path toward fast-rate, low-temperature, durable, and safe AILMBs.

Abstract Objective Evaluate efficacy, safety, and tolerability of adjunctive brivaracetam (BRV) in adult Asian patients with focal‐onset seizures (FOS). Methods Phase III, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study (EP0083; NCT03083665) evaluating BRV 50 mg/day and 200 mg/day in patients (≥16–80 years) with FOS with/without secondary generalization (focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures) despite current treatment with 1 or 2 concomitant antiseizure medications. Following an 8‐week baseline, patients were randomized 1:1:1 to placebo, BRV 50 mg/day, or BRV 200 mg/day, and entered a 12‐week treatment period. Efficacy outcomes: percent reduction over placebo in 28‐day FOS frequency (primary); 50% responder rate in FOS frequency; median percent reduction in FOS frequency from baseline; seizure freedom during treatment period (secondary). Primary safety endpoints: incidences of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs); TEAEs leading to discontinuation; serious TEAEs. Results In this study, 448/449 randomized patients (mean age, 34.5 years; 53.8% female) received ≥1 dose of study medication (placebo/BRV 50 mg/BRV 200 mg/day: n = 149/151/148). Percent reduction over placebo in 28‐day adjusted FOS frequency was 24.5% (p = 0.0005) and 33.4% (p

BackgroundTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has recently become a novel and non-invasive treatment option for refractory epilepsy. Previous systematic reviews have suggested that tDCS may be effective in treating epilepsy, this study presents the first meta-analysis on its effectiveness.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from database inception to May 2024. The Cochrane risk of bias tool RoB2.0 was used to assess the risk of bias. Primary outcomes included changes in seizure frequency from baseline and the proportion of patients with a ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency.ResultsOf the 608 studies initially identified, 14 were finally included. The pooled results from the random-effects model indicated that tDCS significantly reduced seizure frequency (WMD 0.41, 95% CI 0.24, 0.59). Further subgroup analysis revealed that tDCS significantly reduced seizure frequency in temporal lobe epilepsy, and seizure frequency was more alleviated in studies that had treatment sessions of fewer than 5 times, and followed up within 2 months' post-treatment. Only four studies provided data on patients with a ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency, showing no significant difference (RR 2.96, 95% CI 0.85, 10.32). In the systematic review, three studies analyzed cognitive function changes after tDCS treatment, but none reported significant improvements. The most common side effect during tDCS treatment was transient tingling, and no patients required additional life-support measures due to side effects.ConclusionThe current meta-analysis on available trials indicates that tDCS can effectively reduce seizure frequency in the short term and is well-tolerated. However, its impact on cognitive improvement in epilepsy patients requires further investigation.Systematic review registrationhttps://inplasy.com/inplasy-2024-6-0033/, identifier INPLASY202460033.

Abstract The development of the electric vehicle industry has spurred demand for secondary batteries capable of rapid‐charging and slow‐discharging. Among them, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with layered oxide as the cathode exhibit competitive advantages due to their comprehensive electrochemical performance. However, to meet the requirements of rapid‐charging and slow‐discharging scenarios, it is necessary to further enhance the rate performance of the cathode material to achieve symmetrical capacity at different rates. Simultaneously, minimizing lattice strain during asymmetric electrochemical processes is also significant in alleviating strain accumulation. In this study, the ordered distribution of transition metal layers and the diffusion pathway of sodium ions are optimized through targeted K‐doping of sodium layers, leading to a reduction of the diffusion barrier and endowment of prominent rate performance. At a 20C rate, the capacity of the cathode can reach 94% of that at a 0.1C rate. Additionally, the rivet effect of the sodium layers resulted in a global volume strain of only 0.03% for the modified cathode during charging at a 10C rate and discharging at a 1C rate. In summary, high‐performance SIBs, with promising prospects for rapid‐charging and slow‐discharging capability, are obtained through the regulation of sodium layers, opening up new avenues for commercial applications.

BackgroundIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) progression involves multiple factors, including loss of nucleus pulposus cells and extracellular matrix as the basic pathological mechanism of degeneration, and is closely related to cellular senescence and immune cell infiltration. The aim of study was to identify critical cellular senescence-related genes and immune cell infiltration characteristics in IDD.MethodsFour datasets, including GSE70362, GSE112216, GSE114169, and GSE150408, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The senescence-related genes were acquired from the CellAge Database and intersected with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between IDD and control samples for senescence-related DEGs (SRDEGs). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed to obtain ten hub SRDEGs. A consensus cluster analysis based on these hub genes was performed to divide the patients into clusters. The functional enrichment, and immune infiltration statuses of the clusters were compared. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to identified key gene modules. The overlapping genes from key modules, DEGs of clusters and hub SRDEGs were intersected to obtain potential biomarkers. To verify the expression of potential biomarkers, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry were performed by using human intervertebral disc tissues.ResultsIn the GSE70362 dataset, a total of 364 DEGs were identified, of which 150 were upregulated and 214 were downregulated, and 35 genes were selected as SRDEGs. PPI analysis revealed ten hub SRDEGs and consensus cluster analysis divided the patients into two clusters. Compared to Cluster 2, Cluster 1 was highly enriched in extracellular matrix organization and various metabolic process. The level of Follicular T helper cells in the Cluster 1 was significantly higher than that in the Cluster 2. IGFBP3 and NQO1 were identified as potential biomarkers. The remaining 3 datasets, and the result of qPCR and immunohistochemistry showed that the expression levels of NQO1 and IGFBP3 in the degenerated group were higher than those in the control or treatment groups.ConclusionSenescence-related genes play a key role in the development and occurrence of IDD. IGFBP3 and NQO1 are strongly correlated with immune infiltration in the IDD and could become novel therapeutic targets that prevent the progression of IDD.

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal brain tumor in adults. This study aimed to investigate the functional significance of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) in the pathogenesis of GBM. Analysis of public datasets revealed ARNT is upregulated in GBM tissues compared to lower grade gliomas or normal brain tissues. Higher ARNT expression correlated with the mesenchymal subtype and poorer survival in GBM patients. Silencing ARNT using lentiviral shRNAs attenuated the proliferative, invasive, and stem-like capabilities of GBM cell lines, while ARNT overexpression enhanced these malignant phenotypes. Single-cell RNA sequencing uncovered that ARNT is highly expressed in a stem-like subpopulation and is involved in regulating glycolysis, hypoxia response, and stress pathways. Mechanistic studies found ARNT activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling to promote chemoresistance in GBM cells. Disrupting the ARNT/p38α protein interaction via the ARNT PAS-A domain restored temozolomide sensitivity. Overall, this study demonstrates ARNT functions as an oncogenic driver in GBM pathogenesis and represents a promising therapeutic target.

Abstract The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the progression of human diseases, especially cancer. In recent decades, there has been accumulating evidence of the connections between the gut microbiota and cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, understanding the functional role of the gut microbiota in regulating immune responses to cancer immunotherapy is crucial for developing precision medicine. In this review, we extract insights from state-of-the-art research to decipher the complicated crosstalk among the gut microbiota, the systemic immune system, and immunotherapy in the context of cancer. Additionally, as the gut microbiota can account for immune-related adverse events, we discuss potential interventions to minimize these adverse effects and discuss the clinical application of five microbiota-targeted strategies that precisely increase the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Finally, as the gut microbiota holds promising potential as a target for precision cancer immunotherapeutics, we summarize current challenges and provide a general outlook on future directions in this field.

With the electromagnetic environment becoming increasingly complex, it is crucial to address the risk posed by electromagnetic pulse, which critically impairs the performance and reliability of electronic systems based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors. In this context, research on the failure types of CMOS image sensors in a high-power electromagnetic environment, caused by strong electromagnetic pulses and the rapid evaluation method of interference immunity, has garnered significant interest. This paper conducts electromagnetic pulse simulation experiments on CMOS image sensors to first study their failure types, such as image abnormalities and functional interruption, and then identify the corresponding failure criteria. Furthermore, this study builds on the small sample test evaluation method to investigate the interference threshold of functional interruptions in CMOS image sensors by calculating the failure probability at different field strengths. The obtained data were combined with the Weibull distribution function for fitting, the results of which found the interference threshold to be at 40.4 kV/m. The findings of this study provide a basis for evaluating the survivability of CMOS image sensors and their associated reinforcement technology in high-power electromagnetic environments.

Abstract Artificial intelligence provides an opportunity to try to redefine disease subtypes based on similar pathobiology. Using a machine-learning algorithm (Subtype and Stage Inference) with cross-sectional MRI from 296 individuals with focal epilepsy originating from the temporal lobe (TLE) and 91 healthy controls, we show phenotypic heterogeneity in the pathophysiological progression of TLE. This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (number: ChiCTR2200062562). We identify two hippocampus-predominant phenotypes, characterized by atrophy beginning in the left or right hippocampus; a third cortex-predominant phenotype, characterized by hippocampus atrophy after the neocortex; and a fourth phenotype without atrophy but amygdala enlargement. These four subtypes are replicated in the independent validation cohort (109 individuals). These subtypes show differences in neuroanatomical signature, disease progression and epilepsy characteristics. Five-year follow-up observations of these individuals reveal differential seizure outcomes among subtypes, indicating that specific subtypes may benefit from temporal surgery or pharmacological treatment. These findings suggest a diverse pathobiological basis underlying focal epilepsy that potentially yields to stratification and prognostication – a necessary step for precise medicine.

The novel application of laser surface texture as a method for enhancing the deposition of coatings on substrates has garnered significant interest. This study focuses on the use of atmospheric plasma-sprayed Mo–NiCrBSiCFe coating, which was applied to both laser surface textured and grit-blasted AISI 304 substrates. The coating powder was created by mechanically milling a mixture of 25 % molybdenum and 75 % NiCrBSiCFe powders, providing a unique combination of materials for the deposition coating. The analysis zeroed in on examining the effects of laser texture grooves on the microstructure, porosity, microhardness, and adhesion strength of the composite coating. The findings revealed that the composite coating primarily comprises MoO2, Mo, and Ni phases. In comparison to the grit-blasted substrate, the coating applied on the laser-textured groove substrate exhibited a porosity increase of 15.15 %, a pore size rise of 17.45 %, a notable 45.62 % improvement in adhesion strength, and a significant 23.57 % enhancement in scratch resistance. Furthermore, the coating on the laser-textured substrate exhibited fewer closed pores. The microhardness of the coating surface was higher than that of the coating cross-section within the grooves. Notably, the laser surface texture had a significant impact on the adhesion strength, microstructure, and hardness of the composite coating, surpassing the results achieved through traditional grit blasting. One novel observation from this study is that laser surface texturing can have a significant impact on the porosity of Mo–NiCrBSiCFe coatings. Another noteworthy finding is that laser surface texturing can enhance the hardness of Mo–NiCrBSiCFe coatings.

Previous research has identified social isolation as a significant detriment to the wellbeing of older adults. However, studies that consider endogenous issues are scarce. The present paper examines the impact of the recent exogenous shock, the COVID-19 pandemic on the wellbeing of the older adult population using a longitudinal dataset from China for the period 2016–2020. The results of this study indicate that the life satisfaction of Chinese older adults was negatively affected, e particularly in regions where social distancing measures were more strictly enforced. Declines in physical and mental health were found to be attributable to declines in life satisfaction. Those who experienced greater exposure to the pandemic were more likely to suffer from chronic disease, illness, and insomnia, and many found it challenging to complete tasks during the lockdown. Furthermore, heterogeneity estimation shows that these effects are stronger among the rural older adult, females, those without a spouse, and those with less education.

The timely and accurate acquisition of crop-growth information is a prerequisite for implementing intelligent crop-growth management, and portable multispectral imaging devices offer reliable tools for monitoring field-scale crop growth. To meet the demand for obtaining crop spectra information over a wide band range and to achieve the real-time interpretation of multiple growth characteristics, we developed a novel portable snapshot multispectral imaging crop-growth sensor (PSMICGS) based on the spectral sensing of crop growth. A wide-band co-optical path imaging system utilizing mosaic filter spectroscopy combined with dichroic mirror beam separation is designed to acquire crop spectra information over a wide band range and enhance the device’s portability and integration. Additionally, a sensor information and crop growth monitoring model, coupled with a processor system based on an embedded control module, is developed to enable the real-time interpretation of the aboveground biomass (AGB) and leaf area index (LAI) of rice and wheat. Field experiments showed that the prediction models for rice AGB and LAI, constructed using the PSMICGS, had determination coefficients (R²) of 0.7 and root mean square error (RMSE) values of 1.611 t/ha and 1.051, respectively. For wheat, the AGB and LAI prediction models had R² values of 0.72 and 0.76, respectively, and RMSE values of 1.711 t/ha and 0.773, respectively. In summary, this research provides a foundational tool for monitoring field-scale crop growth, which is important for promoting high-quality and high-yield crops.

Abstract Objective The genomic and molecular ecology involved in the stepwise continuum progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) from adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) to minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and subsequent invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) remains unclear and requires further elucidation. We aimed to characterize gene mutations and expression landscapes, and explore the association between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and significantly mutated genes (SMGs) during the dynamic evolution from AIS to IAC. Methods Thirty‐five patients with ground‐glass nodules (GGNs) lung adenocarcinomas were enrolled. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and transcriptome sequencing (RNA‐Seq) were conducted on all patients, encompassing both tumor samples and corresponding noncancerous tissues. Data obtained from WES and RNA‐Seq were subsequently analyzed. Results The findings from WES delineated that the predominant mutations were observed in EGFR (49%) and ANKRD36C (17%). SMGs, including EGFR and RBM10, were associated with the dynamic evolution from AIS to IAC. Meanwhile, DEGs, including GPR143, CCR9, ADAMTS16, and others were associated with the entire process of invasive LUAD. We found that the signaling pathways related to cell migration and invasion were upregulated, and the signaling pathways of angiogenesis were downregulated across the pathological stages. Furthermore, we found that the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of FAM83A, MAL2, DEPTOR, and others were significantly correlated with CNVs. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that heme metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis pathways were significantly upregulated in patients with EGFR/RBM10 co‐mutations, and these patients may have poorer overall survival than those with EGFR mutations. Based on the six calculation methods for the immune infiltration score, NK/CD8+ T cells decreased, and Treg/B cells increased with the progression of early LUAD. Conclusions Our findings offer valuable insights into the unique genomic and molecular features of LUAD, facilitating the identification and advancement of precision medicine strategies targeting the invasive progression of LUAD from AIS to IAC.

ObjectiveTo investigate whether changes occur in the dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) of motor cerebellum with cerebral cortex in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME).MethodsWe adopted resting-state electroencephalography—functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) and a sliding-window approach to explore the dFC of motor cerebellum with cortex in 36 JME patients compared with 30 and age-matched health controls (HCs). The motor cerebellum was divided into five lobules (I–V, VI, VIIb, VIIIa, and VIIIb). Additionally, correlation analyses were conducted between the variability of dFC and clinical variables in the Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME) group, such as disease duration, age at disease onset, and frequency score of myoclonic seizures.ResultsCompared to HCs, the JME group presented increased dFC between the motor cerebellum with SMN and DMN. Specifically, connectivity between lobule VIIb and left precentral gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule (IPL); between lobule VIIIa and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and left IPL; and between lobule VIIIb and left middle frontal gyrus (MFG), bilateral superior parietal gyrus (SPG), and left precuneus. In addition, within the JME group, the strength of dFC between lobule VIIIb and left precuneus was negatively (r = −0.424, p = 0.025, Bonferroni correction) related with the frequency score of myoclonic seizures.ConclusionIn patients with JME, there is a functional dysregulation between the motor cerebellum with DMN and SMN, and the variability of dynamic functional connectivity may be closely associated with the occurrence of motor symptoms in JME.

Summary: The development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has revolutionarily increased the overall survival of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, drug resistance remains a major obstacle. Here, we demonstrated that a BCR-ABL1-independent long non-coding RNA, IRAIN, is constitutively expressed at low levels in CML, resulting in imatinib resistance. IRAIN knockdown decreased the sensitivity of CD34+ CML blasts and cell lines to imatinib, whereas IRAIN overexpression significantly increased sensitivity. Mechanistically, IRAIN downregulates CD44, a membrane receptor favorably affecting TKI resistance, by binding to the nuclear factor kappa B subunit p65 to reduce the expression of p65 and phosphorylated p65. Therefore, the demethylating drug decitabine, which upregulates IRAIN, combined with imatinib, formed a dual therapy strategy which can be applied to CML with resistance to TKIs.

Terahertz (THz) communication is a rapidly advancing field with applications spanning space exploration, wireless communication, and security checks. Achieving effective intensity modulation of THz radiation is a crucial requirement for THz technology. In this study, we propose an approach to achieve real-time and precise control over THz radiation using a gold split-ring metasurface integrated with MoS2 layers. We demonstrate the emergence of an electromagnetically induced transparency-like resonance through optical pumping, resulting in high-quality THz signal transmission with impressive modulation depth of 81% at 612 GHz. These findings hold great promise for a wide range of THz applications, including sensing, switching, and filtering.

In order to further reveal the dynamic characteristics of coal with different degrees of metamorphism under different adsorption pressures, the self-developed TQY-2 precision adsorption instrument and infrared thermal imaging device were used to conduct macroscopic adsorption tests on lignite, coking coal and anthracite coal samples with a diameter of 8.5 mm at different pressures (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 MPa) and the adsorption test of the mesoscopic structure of the coal body with adsorption pressures of (0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5 MPa), using quasi-primary and quasi-secondary adsorption kinetic models such as intra-particle diffusion, Elovich and double constant analyze the law and mechanism of adsorption gas. The results show that compared with five adsorption kinetics models, the quasi-secondary adsorption kinetics model is suitable for characterizing the adsorption gas process of lignite and coking coal, while the optimal model for anthracite is the intra-particle diffusion model; with the increase of adsorption pressure, the quasi-secondary adsorption rate constant k2 of lignite and coking coal gradually increased, and the intra-particle diffusion rate constant kp of anthracite coal also gradually increased, all of which were positively correlated; adsorption pressure has little effect on the dynamic model suitable for coal samples; under the macroscopic adsorption experiment and the mesoscopic structure adsorption experiment of coal body based on infrared thermography, the dynamic models suitable for different degrees of metamorphism are consistent.

Abstract Background Recent studies demonstrated that restoring sagittal alignment to the original Roussouly type can remarkably reduce complication rates after adult spinal deformity surgery. However, there is still no data proving the benefit of maintaining ideal Roussouly shape in the lumbar degenerative diseases and its association with the development of adjacent segment disease (ASD). Thus, this study was performed to validate the usefulness of Roussouly classification to predict the occurrence of ASD after lumbar fusion surgery. Materials and Methods This study retrospectively reviewed 234 consecutive patients with lumbar degenerative diseases who underwent 1- or 2-level fusion surgery. Demographic and radiographic data were compared between ASD and non-ASD groups. The patients were classified by both “theoretical” [based on pelvic incidence (PI)] and “current” (based on sacral slope) Roussouly types. The patients were defined as “matched” if their “current” shapes matched the “theoretical” types and otherwise as “mismatched”. The logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with ASD. Finally, clinical data and spinopelvic parameters of “theoretical” and “current” types were compared. Results With a mean follow-up duration of 70.6 months, evidence of ASD was found in the 68 cases. Postoperatively, ASD group had more “current” shapes classified as type 1 or 2 and fewer as type 3 than the non-ASD group (p

The intensifying challenges posed by climate change and the depletion of fossil fuels have spurred concerted global efforts to develop alternative energy storage solutions. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have emerged as promising candidates for large-scale electrochemical energy storage systems because of their intrinsic safety, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. However, Zn dendrite growth consistently poses a remarkable challenge to the performance improvement and commercial viability of AZIBs. The use of three-dimensional porous Zn anodes instead of planar Zn plates has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to regulate the deposition/stripping behavior of Zn2+ ions, thereby inhibiting the dendrite growth. Here, the merits of porous Zn anodes were summarized, and a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the engineering of porous Zn metal anodes was provided, with a particular emphasis on the structural orderliness and critical role of porous structure modulation in enhancing battery performance. Furthermore, strategic insights into the design of porous Zn anodes were presented to facilitate the practical implementation of AZIBs for grid-scale energy storage applications.

With the rapid growth in demand for security surveillance, assisted driving, and remote sensing, object detection networks with robust environmental perception and high detection accuracy have become a research focus. However, single-modality image detection technologies face limitations in environmental adaptability, often affected by factors such as lighting conditions, fog, rain, and obstacles like vegetation, leading to information loss and reduced detection accuracy. We propose an object detection network that integrates features from visible light and infrared images—IV-YOLO—to address these challenges. This network is based on YOLOv8 (You Only Look Once v8) and employs a dual-branch fusion structure that leverages the complementary features of infrared and visible light images for target detection. We designed a Bidirectional Pyramid Feature Fusion structure (Bi-Fusion) to effectively integrate multimodal features, reducing errors from feature redundancy and extracting fine-grained features for small object detection. Additionally, we developed a Shuffle-SPP structure that combines channel and spatial attention to enhance the focus on deep features and extract richer information through upsampling. Regarding model optimization, we designed a loss function tailored for multi-scale object detection, accelerating the convergence speed of the network during training. Compared with the current state-of-the-art Dual-YOLO model, IV-YOLO achieves mAP improvements of 2.8%, 1.1%, and 2.2% on the Drone Vehicle, FLIR, and KAIST datasets, respectively. On the Drone Vehicle and FLIR datasets, IV-YOLO has a parameter count of 4.31 M and achieves a frame rate of 203.2 fps, significantly outperforming YOLOv8n (5.92 M parameters, 188.6 fps on the Drone Vehicle dataset) and YOLO-FIR (7.1 M parameters, 83.3 fps on the FLIR dataset), which had previously achieved the best performance on these datasets. This demonstrates that IV-YOLO achieves higher real-time detection performance while maintaining lower parameter complexity, making it highly promising for applications in autonomous driving, public safety, and beyond.

The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of the recipient dairy cows’ breed, lactation number, estrus condition, the type, location and volume of the corpus luteum (CL) and the time of year that the embryo transfer (ET) was performed on the pregnancy rates of a large, fresh in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer program for dairy cows in a commercial herd in China. The recipients were from a herd of dairy cows in Ningxia, a province in northwest China, and we statistically analyzed the data of 495 cows from 2021 to 2023. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCS) were isolated from follicular fluid obtained through ovum pick-up (OPU) and oocytes were incubated 20–22 h for in vitro maturation (IVM). Embryos were obtained after 10–12 h of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and six days of in vitro culture (IVC). Embryos at the morula or blastocyst stage were transferred to randomly chosen recipients (n = 495). The influence of recipients’ breed (Holstein or other), recipients’ lactation number (heifers or cows), estrus type (natural or synchronized), CL type (homogeneous, CLhom or cavitary, CLcav), CL side (left or right), volume of the CL and season of transfer (spring, autumn or winter) on pregnancy rates were determined. The pregnancy rates were analyzed by binomial logistic regression with IBM SPSS statistics software, version 26. Pregnancy rates after ET to Holstein cows and other breeds were 43.49% and 42.68%, respectively (p > 0.05). Regarding age, pregnancy rates were 45.56% for heifers and 30.77% for cows (p < 0.05). Pregnancy rates following ET during natural and synchronized estrus were 44.41% and 41.5%, respectively (p > 0.05). Pregnancy rates with a left- or right-side CL were 40.18% and 45.65%, respectively (p > 0.05). The pregnancy rates achieved with a CLhom and CLcav were 44.44% and 39.68%, respectively (p < 0.05). The rates obtained in spring, autumn and winter were 49.26%, 46.02% and 34.64%, respectively (p < 0.05). Moreover, it was found that pregnancy rates were higher in recipients with a CL volume measuring greater than 10 cm3 compared with those with a CL volume measuring less than 10 cm3 (p < 0.05). The comparisons showed that recipients’ breed, estrus type or side of the CL had no effect, but the recipients’ lactation number, ET season and the type and volume of the CL have significant effects on pregnancy rates during ET.

Persister cells are transiently tolerant to antibiotics and are associated with recalcitrant chronic infections due to recolonization of host cells after antibiotic removal. Brucella spp. are facultative pathogens that establish intracellular infection cycles in host cells which results in chronic persistent infections. Brucella abortus forms multi-drug persister cells which are promoted by the (p)ppGpp synthetase Rsh during rifampicin exposure. Here, we confirmed that Rsh promoted persister cells formation in B. abortus stationary phase treated with rifampicin and enrofloxacin. Deletion of the gene for Rsh decreased persister cells level in the presence of these drugs in different growth phases. However, persister cells formation by deletion strain varied in different growth phases in the presence of other antibiotics. Rsh also was involved in persister cells formation during rifampicin treatment under certain stress conditions, including acidic conditions, exposure to PBS, and heat stress. Moreover, Rsh impacted persister cell levels during rifampicin or enrofloxacin treatment in RAW264.7 macrophages. Certain typeIItoxin-antitoxin modules were upregulated under various stress conditions in B. abortus. We established that Rsh positively regulated the type II toxin-antitoxin mbcTA. Moreover, rifampicin-tolerant persister cells formation was elevated and ATP levels were decreased when mbcTA promoter was overexpressed in Rsh deletion background in stationary phase. Our results establish that (p)ppGpp synthetase Rsh plays a key role in B. abortus persistence and may serve as a potent novel target in combination with rifampicin in the development of new therapeutic approaches and prevention strategies to treat chronic infections of Brucella.

Objective: This study evaluated the performance of attentional fusion model-based multiscale features in classifying intracerebral hemorrhage and the localization of bleeding focus based on weakly supervised target localization. Methods: A publicly available dataset provided by the American College of Neuroradiology (ASNR) was used, consisting of 750,000 computed tomography (CT) scans of the brain, manually marked by radiologists for intracranial hemorrhage and five hemorrhage subtypes. A multiscale feature classification and weakly supervised localization framework based on an attentional fusion mechanism were applied, which could be annotated at the slice level and provided intracranial hemorrhage classification and hemorrhage focus localization. Results: The designed framework achieved excellent performance for classification and localization. The area under the curve (AUC) for predicting bleeding was 0.973. High AUC values were observed for the five hemorrhage subtypes (epidural AUC = 0.891, subdural AUC = 0.991, subarachnoid AUC = 0.983, intraventricular AUC = 0.995, intraparenchymal AUC = 0.990). This model outperformed the average entry-level radiology trainee compared to previously reported data. Conclusion: The designed method quickly and accurately detected intracerebral hemorrhage, classifying hemorrhage subtypes and locating bleeding points with image-level annotation alone. The results indicate that this framework can significantly reduce diagnostic time while improving the detection of intracerebral hemorrhage in emergencies. It can thus be integrated into the diagnostic radiology workflow in the future.

The present study investigated the effects of dietary Cr on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity response, insulin signaling pathway, and glucose-lipid metabolism in juvenile oriental river prawns (Macrobrachium nipponense). Moreover, the study also evaluated the optimal dietary Cr required for supplementation in juvenile oriental river prawns. Five semi-purified experimental diets were prepared by adding 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4 mg Cr kg−1 diet to a basal diet resulting into 0.74, 1.07, 1.35, 1.87 and 2.51 mg Cr kg−1 diets, respectively. The results showed that the prawns fed on 1.35 mg Cr kg−1 had significantly higher growth performance and triglyceride content, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and antioxidant capacity activities (P

Background Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as the most abundant form of DNA variation in the human genome, contribute to age-related cataracts (ARC) development. Apoptosis of lens epithelial cells (LECs) is closely related to ARC formation. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) contributes to cell apoptosis regulation. Moreover, IGF1 was indicated to exhibit a close association with cataract formation. Afterward, an investigation was conducted to examine the correlation between polymorphisms in IGF1 and the susceptibility to ARC. Methods The present investigation was a case-control study. Venous blood draws were collected from the participants for DNA genotyping. Lens capsule samples were collected to detect mRNA and apoptosis. TaqMan RT-PCR was used to detect IGF1 polymorphism genotypes and qRT PCR was used to detect IGF1 mRNA levels in LECs. LEC apoptosis was evaluated through flow cytometry. The chi-square test was used to compare differences between ARCs and controls of each SNP. Results We found that the G allele frequency in the IGF1-rs6218 was higher in the ARCs than in the controls. Furthermore, it was observed that the rs6218 GG genotype exhibited a positive correlation to elevated levels of IGF1 mRNA in LECs. The IGF1 mRNA in the LECs and the apoptosis of LECs in nuclear type of ARCs (ARNC) was higher than the controls. Conclusion The susceptibility to ARC was related to IGF1-rs6218 polymorphism, and this polymorphism is associated with IGF1 expression at the mRNA level. Moreover, apoptosis in LECs of ARNCs was found to be increased.

Abstract Neuro‐COVID, a condition marked by persistent symptoms post‐COVID‐19 infection, notably affects various organs, with a particular focus on the central nervous system (CNS). Despite scant evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 invasion in the CNS, the increasing incidence of Neuro‐COVID cases indicates the onset of acute neurological symptoms early in infection. The Omicron variant, distinguished by heightened neurotropism, penetrates the CNS via the olfactory bulb. This direct invasion induces inflammation and neuronal damage, emphasizing the need for vigilance regarding potential neurological complications. Our multicenter study represents a groundbreaking revelation, documenting the definite presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a significant proportion of Neuro‐COVID patients. Furthermore, notable differences emerged between RNA‐CSF‐positive and negative patients, encompassing aspects such as blood–brain barrier integrity, extent of neuronal damage, and the activation status of inflammation. Despite inherent limitations, this research provides pivotal insights into the intricate interplay between SARS‐CoV‐2 and the CNS, underscoring the necessity for ongoing research to fully comprehend the virus's enduring effects on the CNS. The findings underscore the urgency of continuous investigation Neuro‐COVID to unravel the complexities of this relationship, and pivotal in addressing the long‐term consequences of COVID‐19 on neurological health.

In order to study the non-uniform potential well distribution of coal and its effect on the methane adsorption/desorption process, a non-uniform potential well model based on adsorption science and molecular dynamics theory was developed in this study. The model characterizes the adsorption/desorption properties of coal, and accurately calculates the number of potential wells corresponding to different potential wells in the coal. To verify the accuracy of the characterization ability of the non-uniform potential well model in terms of coal adsorption/desorption performance, it was fitted separately to the Langmuir model for the methane adsorption/desorption process, and then the correlation coefficients of the fitted data and isothermal adsorption lines were compared separately. The results show that the non-uniform potential well model is superior in characterizing the adsorption/desorption performance of the coal body. In the study of the potential well distribution within the coal, it was found that the potential well distribution within the coal shows some significant differences during the adsorption/desorption of methane by the coal at different temperatures and pressures. In the analysis of the potential well pattern of coal, it was found that the number of potential wells in the coal is more in the adsorption phase than in the desorption phase, but the average potential well depth in the coal is larger in the desorption process than in the adsorption process. And the average potential well depth decreases as the coal rank decreases. In the adsorption phase, the number of potential wells is concentrated within a certain range of potential depth, but in the desorption phase, the distribution of the number of potential wells is more dispersed in comparison. At the same temperature, the number of potential wells decreases with decreasing coal rank. In terms of the potential well distribution, the variance of the potential well distribution is significantly larger for high rank coals than for low rank coals at the same temperature. An increase in temperature causes the average potential well depth to decrease as the temperature increases. For the same coal rank, the change in temperature has a greater effect on the potential well depth in the range of 5−15 kJ/mol, and this phenomenon is more pronounced in lower rank coals. In the study, it was found that the potential wells with larger potential well depths are more resistant to the effects of temperature variations on them. The nonlinear variation of methane adsorption/desorption rates during the heating or pressurization of the coal body is caused by the inhomogeneity of the potential wells.

Abstract Headache is one of the most common symptoms of epilepsy comorbidities. However, the relationship between the epilepsy and headache still needs clarification. Previous studies mostly investigated the overall incidence and clinical features of the headache in patients with the epilepsy. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) are the common types of focal epilepsy and generalized epilepsy, respectively. Nevertheless, there was no study comparing the clinical features of headache between TLE and JME. This study aimed to analyze the headache features of these two types of epilepsy. Patients with either TLE or JME diagnosed with headache and referred to the West China Hospital of Sichuan University were consecutively recruited from June 2021 to June 2022. The duration of epilepsy was longer than 6 months in these patients. Data on headache and epilepsy were obtained through face-to-face questionnaires. The headache was classified according to the International Classification Headache Disorders-3rd edition (ICHD-III) criteria. χ2-test, t-test, rank-sum test, logistic regression modeling and Mann Whitney test were used to compare the clinical differences of the headache in TLE and JME. A total of 151 TLE patients and 30 JME patients were enrolled in this study. There was no significant difference in the family history of headache, epilepsy durations, headache types, proportion receiving analgesic therapy, the frequency of inter-ictal headache (inter-IH), and the quality of life in epilepsy -10 inventory (QOLIE-10) between the TLE and JME patients. Patients in the TLE group were significantly older (p = 0.004), and a lower percentage of them had a family history of epilepsy (p = 0.007) compared with the JME patients. The proportion of cases with refractory epilepsy was higher in the TLE group than that in the JME group (p

Underground in-situ pyrolysis of coal is a new trend in the utilization of coal resources in the future. It is especially critical to investigate the coal pore-fissure structure, its spatial distribution and connectivity under different pyrolysis methods, and the existing studies on the pore-fissure structure parameters of coal after pyrolysis are in non-stress condition and lack of the comparison of pore-fissure structure parameters under different pyrolysis methods. Based on the above deficiencies, using the self-made triaxial testing machine of thermo-fluid-mechanical-chemical coupling at high temperature and pressure, combined with the micro-CT technology, the fissure structure differences of bituminous coal under the conditions of natural and steam in-situ pyrolysis (600 ℃) were investigated, and then the mechanism of the differences was explored. The results show that ① After the natural and steam in-situ pyrolysis at 600 °C, the fissure forms generated inside the coal sample are mainly slender cracks and holes, and the fissure scale is further improved after steam pyrolysis. The fissure network is more abundant and complex. ② Under the stress condition of 5 MPa axial pressure and 3 MPa confining pressure, after natural pyrolysis, the fissure rate is 2.68 times of the original fissure rate. However, after steam pyrolysis, the fissure rate is 3.65 times of the original fissure rate, and the fissure rate of each layer is more uniform. ③ Steam pyrolysis makes the bituminous coal heated evenly, with large heat exchange area and more adequate pyrolysis of organic matter. The displacement effect ensures the continuous production of pyrolysis products. The local stress effect of pore pressure not only expands the original pore-fissure volume, but also destroys the weak surface of pore wall, which greatly increases the pore connectivity. The steam denudation effect will “scour and transport” the tar with high viscosity attached to the blind fissures out of the coal body. Hydrogen-rich environment promotes the cracking of heavy tar and enhances the fluidity of oil. ④ There are large differences in the fissure rate and fissure morphology between in-situ and non-stress of coal pyrolysis. Steam pyrolysis is the optimal heating method for the engineering practice of in-situ thermal injection coal mining.

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy for LGI1 antibody encephalitis, and consider the predictors of poor outcomes following immunotherapy. Methods We searched PubMed and Embase for articles reporting the immunotherapy data of anti‐LGI1 encephalitis patients. The proportions of patients with poor outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score > 2) at 3 months, 12 months, and the last follow‐up, as well as the odds ratio [OR] of predictors were pooled. Results The review included 162 articles with 1066 patients. The proportion of patients with poor functional outcomes was 21% at 3 months, 14% at 12 months, and 14% at the last follow‐up after receiving immunotherapy. The proportion of patients with reported relapse was 16.6%. The mean duration from onset to the first relapse was 15.6 months. Predictors significantly associated with poor outcomes were age (increase of 1 year), the presence of cognitive impairment, and CSF LGI1 antibody positive. We did not find a statistically significant association between the worst mRS score in the acute phase, the presence of faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), days from symptom onset to immunotherapy, second‐line treatment, maintenance immunotherapy, or follow‐up time and outcomes. Interpretation Although most patients respond to immunotherapy, a minority of patients still have poor outcomes. Advanced age, cognitive impairment, and CSF LGI1 antibody positive are associated with an increased risk of poor outcomes. However, due to the insufficiency of the data, these conclusions need to be interpreted with caution.

(1) Background: One method of eradicating brucellosis is to cull cattle that test positive for antibodies 12 months after being vaccinated with the 19-strain vaccine. Variations in immunization regimens and feeding practices may contribute to differences in the rate of persistent antibodies. We conducted this study to investigate the real positive rate of Brucella antibody in field strains of Brucella spp. after immunization over 12 months in dairy cows. This research aims to provide data to support the development of strategies for preventing, controlling, and eradicating brucellosis. (2) Method: We employed the baseline sampling method to collect samples from cows immunized with the A19 vaccine for over 12 months in Lingwu City from 2021 to 2023. Serological detection was conducted using the RBPT method. An established PCR method that could distinguish between 19 and non-19 strains of Brucella was utilized to investigate the field strains of Brucella on 10 dairy farms based on six samples mixed into one using the Mathematical Expectation strategy. (3) Results: We analyzed the rates of individual seropositivity and herd seropositive rates in dairy cattle in Lingwu City from 2021 to 2023 and revealed that antibodies induced by the Brucella abortus strain A19 vaccine persist in dairy herds for more than 12 months. We established a PCR method for identifying both Brucella A19 and non-A19 strains, resulting in the detection of 10 field strains of Brucella abortus from 1537 dairy cows. By employing a Mathematical Expectation strategy, we completed testing of 1537 samples after conducting only 306 tests, thereby reducing the workload by 80.1%. (4) Conclusions: There was a certain proportion of cows with a persistent antibody titer, but there was no evidence that all of these cattle were naturally infected with Brucella. The established PCR method for distinguishing between Brucella abortus strain 19 and non-19 strains can be specifically utilized for detecting natural Brucella infection in immunized cattle. We propose that relying solely on the detection of antibodies in cattle immunized with the A19 vaccine more than 12 months previously should not be solely relied upon as a diagnostic basis for brucellosis, and it is essential to complement this approach with PCR analysis to specifically identify field Brucella spp. Brucella abortus was the predominant strain identified in the field during this study. Detection based on the Mathematical Expectation strategy can significantly enhance detection efficiency.

The attainment of carbon neutrality requires the development of aqueous energy conversion and storage devices. However, these devices exhibit limited performance due to the permeability–selectivity trade-off of permselective membranes as core components. Herein, we report the application of a synergistic approach utilizing two-dimensional nanoribbons-entangled nanosheets to rationally balance the permeability and selectivity in permselective membranes. The nanoribbons and nanosheets can be self-assembled into a nanofluidic membrane with a distinctive “island-bridge” configuration, where the nanosheets serve as isolated islands offering adequate ionic selectivity owing to their high surface charge density, meanwhile bridge-like nanoribbons with low surface charge density but high aspect ratio remarkably enhance the membrane’s permeability and water stability, as verified by molecular simulations and experimental investigations. Using this approach, we developed a high-performance graphene oxide (GO) nanosheet/GO nanoribbon (GONR) nanofluidic membrane and achieved an ultrahigh power density of 18.1 W m–2 in a natural seawater|river water osmotic power generator, along with a high Coulombic efficiency and an extended lifespan in zinc metal batteries. The validity of our island-bridge structural design is also demonstrated for other nanosheet/nanoribbon composite membranes, providing a promising path for developing reliable aqueous energy conversion and storage devices.

In order to realize high-precision and high-efficiency identification of multi-scale distribution characteristics of coal fractures, carry out the study of multi-scale distribution characteristics identification methods based on CT digital core deep learning. Industrial CT scanning system is used to collect a large number of coal original CT digital core information array, the CT digital core information array is converted into a two-dimensional gray-scale image and then it is divided into square images of different scales and the image brightness is enhanced to different levels as training samples, Finally, the construction and optimization of model parameters of AlexNet, ResNet-18, GoogLeNet and Inception-V3 models for the identification of CT-containing fractures are realized by Matlab platform. Study the recognition accuracy and verification accuracy of different model training under different number of training samples; Study the accuracy, calculation efficiency and training time of different models for images with different scales and brightness under the same training sample, obtain the optimal model for calculating the fractal dimension of two-dimensional CT images with fractures, then, the fractal distribution characteristics of each fracture image are calculated according to the statistical method of box-counting dimension, compared with the traditional binarization method and human eye recognition method, The applicability of the multi-scale distribution characteristics identification method of coal fractures based on CT digital core deep learning is verified. The result shows: ① ResNet-18 model is the optimal model for calculating the fractal dimension of two-dimensional CT images with cracks when the image sample is brightness 4 and the scale is 3.5 mm to 21 mm, the model has high accuracy and short training time in calculating the fractal dimension of two-dimensional CT fracture images. ② Compared with the traditional binarization method, the multi-scale recognition method of coal fracture based on CT digital core deep learning has the advantages of fast speed, high accuracy and is not easily affected by impurities in coal.

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in human and bovine milk composition. According to excellent published studies, it also exerts various functions in the gut, bone, or immune system. However, the effects of milk-derived EVs on skeletal muscle growth and performance have yet to be fully explored. Firstly, the current study examined the amino acids profile in human milk EVs (HME) and bovine milk EVs (BME) using targeted metabolomics. Secondly, HME and BME were injected in the quadriceps of mice for four weeks (1 time/3 days). Then, related muscle performance, muscle growth markers/pathways, and amino acids profile were detected or measured by grip strength analysis, rotarod performance testing, Jenner-Giemsa/H&E staining, Western blotting, and targeted metabolomics, respectively. Finally, HME and BME were co-cultured with C2C12 cells to detect the above-related indexes and further testify relative phenomena. Our findings mainly demonstrated that HME and BME significantly increase the diameter of C2C12 myotubes. HME treatment demonstrates higher exercise performance and muscle fiber densities than BME treatment. Besides, after KEGG and correlation analyses with biological function after HME and BME treatment, results showed L-Ornithine acts as a “notable marker” after HME treatment to affect mouse skeletal muscle growth or functions. Otherwise, L-Ornithine also significantly positively correlates with the activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway and myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) and can also be observed in muscle and C2C12 cells after HME treatment. Overall, our study not only provides a novel result for the amino acid composition of HME and BME, but the current study also indicates the advantage of human milk on skeletal muscle growth and performance.

Surgical resection remains a mainstay in the treatment of malignant solid tumors. However, the use of neoadjuvant treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy, either alone or in combination, as a preoperative intervention regimen, have attracted increasing attention in the last decade. Early randomized, controlled trials in some tumor settings have not shown a significant difference between the survival rates in long-term neoadjuvant therapy and adjuvant therapy. However, this has not hampered the increasing use of neoadjuvant treatments in clinical practice, due to its evident downstaging of primary tumors to delineate the surgical margin, tailoring systemic therapy response as a clinical tool to optimize subsequent therapeutic regimens, and decreasing the need for surgery, with its potential for increased morbidity. The recent expansion of nanotechnology-based nanomedicine and related medical technologies provides a new approach to address the current challenges of neoadjuvant therapy for preoperative therapeutics. This review not only summarizes how nanomedicine plays an important role in a range of neoadjuvant therapeutic modalities, but also highlights the potential use of nanomedicine as neoadjuvant therapy in preclinical and clinic settings for tumor management.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare demyelinating disease of the central nervous system primarily affecting the optic nerves, spinal cord, and brainstem. Viral infection may trigger NMOSD. Here, we report the case of a 34-year-old female presenting with a range of symptoms including nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, choking, and fatigue with unsteady gait, diplopia, hearing loss, left-sided facial paralysis, breathing difficulties, and hoarseness of voice. Her HBV DNA concentration, as determined by quantitative PCR analysis, exceeded 5×107 IU/ml in serum and 4.48×102 IU/ml in CSF. Next-generation sequencing of CSF revealed 1,528 HBV sequences in DNA analysis and 6 sequences in RNA analysis. Serum aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-Ab) titer was 1:10, and the CSF titer was 1:3.2. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed high signal intensities in the brain stem, medulla oblongata, and left middle cerebellar peduncle with mild restricted-diffusion. The patient received antiviral and hepatoprotective medications before the high-dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy. However, the patient did not respond well to the first-line treatment. Subsequently, the patient received ofatumumab and inebilizumab. Throughout the follow-up period, there was a gradual improvement in her neurological symptoms, with no reactivation of hepatitis B or deterioration of liver function observed. Thereby, to the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of successful treatment with ofatumumab and inebilizumab in a patient with NMOSD concurrent with HBV infection.

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) increases risk of embolic stroke, and in postoperative patients, increases cost of care. Consequently, ECG screening for AF in high‐risk patients is important but labor‐intensive. Artificial intelligence (AI) may reduce AF detection workload, but AI development presents challenges. Methods and Results We used a novel approach to AI development for AF detection using both surface ECG recordings and atrial epicardial electrograms obtained in postoperative cardiac patients. Atrial electrograms were used only to facilitate establishing true AF for AI development; this permitted the establishment of an AI‐based tool for subsequent AF detection using ECG records alone. A total of 5 million 30‐second epochs from 329 patients were annotated as AF or non‐AF by expert ECG readers for AI training and validation, while 5 million 30‐second epochs from 330 different patients were used for AI testing. AI performance was assessed at the epoch level as well as AF burden at the patient level. AI achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.932 on validation and 0.953 on testing. At the epoch level, testing results showed means of AF detection sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and F1 (harmonic mean of positive predictive value and sensitivity) as 0.970, 0.814, 0.976, 0.776, and 0.862, respectively, while the intraclass correlation coefficient for AF burden detection was 0.952. At the patient level, AF burden sensitivity and positive predictivity were 96.2% and 94.5%, respectively. Conclusions Use of both atrial electrograms and surface ECG permitted development of a robust AI‐based approach to postoperative AF recognition and AF burden assessment. This novel tool may enhance detection and management of AF, particularly in patients following operative cardiac surgery.

We undertook a survey among epileptologists in China to explore their attitudes toward physical exercise and sports for persons with epilepsy (PWEs). A total of 288 epileptologists participated. Most recognized the potential benefits of physical exercise and sports for PWEs, including improved cognitive function (74.6 %), alleviation of mental disorders (73.2 %), and enhanced quality of life (83.8 %). Epileptologists overwhelmingly agreed on the importance of discussing and encouraging physical exercise and sports for PWEs (97.4 % and 95.2 %, respectively). Before engagement in physical exercise and sports, most epileptologists considered that the duration of seizure-free status could be shorter if the seizures were typically focal, non-motor, or without impaired awareness (p