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This paper reviews an overview of the history and research progress of poled polymers in terms of synthesis, poling method, and application, besides providing an outlook on it.

TWith the development of mobile communication technology, the coverage quality of the network began to become an important measure of a regional communication network. With the development of 5G technology, the communication bandwidth is increasing, the coverage of the base station is getting smaller and smaller, and the types and signal coverage characteristics of base stations are also different. Therefore, the problem of site selection and planning of base stations in cities begins to become more prominent. Based on the principle of priority business volume and the cost performance of base station, this paper establishes a set of models to solve the site selection planning problem of urban base station. In short, in view of the base station construction planning problems in cities, this paper establishes the relevant model and algorithm, and gives a solution based on the principle of giving priority to the business volume requirements and the cost of base station construction.

Co/C@WC composites showed better electromagnetic shielding performance and also exhibited sound insulation, temperature resistance and good mechanical performance.

Enhancing the sound insulation of glass interlayer film by introducing piezoelectric fibers.

Objectives Gallium-68 (68Ga)-labeled somatostatin analog (SSA) PET imaging has been widely used in clinical practice. Compared with 68Ga, 18F has a great practical and economic advantage. The characteristics of 18F-AlF-NOTA-octreotide (18F-OC) have been even more rarely described. Herein, this retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 18F-OC PET/CT in detecting NENs, as well as to compare it with 18F-FDG PET/CT and CT/MRI. Methods We retrospectively evaluated the data of 93 patients who had undergone 18F-OC PET/CT scans. Moreover, of 45 patients with suspected NENs, 42 patients underwent enhanced CT scans, 38 patients underwent MRI scans, and 5 patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. Of 48 NENs patients for detecting metastasis or recurrence, these patients had enhanced CT (n = 36), MRI (n = 30) and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans (n = 14). A total of 276 suspected NENs lesions were found in these 93 patients. Histopathologic (n = 198) or radiographic follow-up (n = 78) served as the reference standard for the final diagnosis. Results Forty-five patients with suspected NENs were confirmed by histopathological examination via resection or biopsy. 18F-OC PET/CT showed high radiotracer uptake in the lesions of G1-G3 NENs. 18F-OC PET/CT showed superior performance, with 96.3% sensitivity, 77.8% specificity and 88.9% accuracy in diagnosing NENs compared to CT/MRI. When a standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 8.3, target-to-background ratio (TBR) of 3.1 and SUVmax of hypophysis (SUVhypophysis) of 15.4 were cutoff points for differentiating NENs from non-NENs lesions, 18F-OC PET/CT had the best equilibrium between sensitivity and specificity. For a total of 276 suspected NENs lesions, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 18F-OC were 90.5%, 82.1% and 88.8%, respectively, in the diagnosis of NENs and were higher than those of 18F-FDG PET/CT and CT/MRI. Furthermore, the TBR of 18F-OC PET was higher than that of 18F-FDG PET (P = 0.0118), especially in pancreas (P = 0.0024), liver (P max and TBR of 18F-OC PET/CT showed a significant correlation with the degree of CT enhancement in G2 but not in G1 or G3. Moreover, there was a higher blood supply and lower 18F-OC TBR in G1 and G2 NENs than in G3. Conclusions 18F-OC PET/CT is a promising imaging modality for initial diagnosis and detecting metastasis or postoperative recurrence in NENs.

Objectives: Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection is a growing public health concern. Due to atypical clinical symptoms and poorly defined radiological findings, NTM is often misdiagnosed, resulting in treatment delay. The aim of the present study was to analyze the findings of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan imaging in patients with NTM infection in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of NTM disease.Methods: A total of 23 patients with confirmed NTM infection who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scan imaging were retrospectively analyzed. The data on clinical and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging characteristics were reviewed. The 18F-FDG PET/CT images were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively using maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), SUVMax (the most FDG-avid lesion in the whole body), SURLiver and SURBlood (SUVMax ratio of lesion-to-liver and lesion-to-blood pool). The optimal cut-off of 8F-FDG was determined using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).Results: Subgroup analysis showed significant differences in metabolic parameters of 18F-FDG-avid lesions, including SURLiver, SURBlood, and SUVMax among the three groups with different immunological states (p = 0.007, 0.012, and 0.010, respectively). The cut-off point of 3.8 for SURLiver showed the best equilibrium between sensitivity and specificity (52.9% and 83.3%). In terms of the NTM lesion distribution, there were significant differences in SURLiver, SURBlood, and SUVMax between the localized and disseminated groups (p = 0.003, 0.009, and 0.005, respectively). The cut-off point of 3.3 for the SUVBlood had high specificity (87.5%) and sensitivity (71.4%). Furthermore, in terms of NTM lesion severity, SUVmax of lung lesions (SUVI-lung), SUVmax of marrow (SUVMarrow), and platelet count significantly differed between severe and non-severe groups (p = 0.036, 0.006, and 0.007, respectively). When the cut-off values of SUVMarrow and SUVI-lung were set at 3.1 and 4.6, the sensitivity was 76.9% and 76.9%, respectively, while the specificity was 88.9% and, 55.9%, respectively.Conclusion: In patients with NTM infection, 18F-FDG PET/CT is a unique and powerful tool in the diagnosis and evaluation of disease activity, immunological state, and extent of lesion involvement and it can help determine the appropriate treatment for NTM infection.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the prognostic value of clinical features and metabolic parameters in pretreatment (18)F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography/X-ray computed tomography (PET/CT) scans of patients with angiosarcoma, a rare neoplasm that has not been well characterized. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 19 patients with a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of angiosarcoma who had undergone pretreatment (18)F-FDG PET/CT scans were enrolled. We recorded the age at presentation, sex, underlying diseases, sites of primary tumors, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, time from onset to diagnosis, laboratory examinations, sites and sizes of primary tumors, treatment modalities, histologic features and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), average SUV (SUVavg), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of primary tumors and the whole body. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses for overall survival were performed according to the metabolic parameters and other clinical variables. RESULTS: Patients ranged in age from 27 to 79 years (median: 59 years) with different angiosarcoma types covering all tumor grades and subtypes. Seven (7/19) patients had anemia of varying degrees of severity. Lymph node metastases (n=10) and/or distant metastases (n=11) of angiosarcoma were common. Bone or bone marrow (10/19) and lung (8/19) were the most common distant metastatic organs. Patients with bone metastases, low hemoglobin levels and high ferritin levels had significantly poorer overall survival than those with non-bone metastases, normal hemoglobin levels and normal ferritin levels by the log-rank test, with P values of 0.027, 0.030 and 0.015, respectively. Patients with multiple organ metastases had significantly poorer overall survival than those with single organ metastasis (log-rank P=0.008). In multivariate survival analysis, only whole-body metabolic tumor volume using SUV(max) cut-off value of 2.5 (wMTV(2.5)) was a significant independent prognostic factor. For wMTV(2.5), 870.3 cm(3) was the best cut-off point to discriminate between a good and poor prognosis (log-rank P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The systemic (18)F-FDG PET/CT with high sensitivity and specificity has significant advantages in the evaluation of angiosarcoma, particularly in detecting occult metastases. Bone metastases on (18)F-FDG PET/CT, low hemoglobin levels and high ferritin levels were all associated with a poorer prognosis. MTV(2.5) of the whole body is a significant independent metabolic prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with angiosarcoma.

It is vital to distinguish between inflammatory and malignant lymphadenopathy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals. The purpose of our study was to differentiate the variations in the clinical characteristics of HIV patients, and applyThis retrospective cross-sectional study included 59 consecutive HIV-infected patients who underwent whole-bodyConsidering the clinical records, the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scores in patients with inflammatory lymphadenopathy were obviously higher than those in patients with malignant lymphoma (P = 0.015), whereas lymphocyte counts and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were obviously lower (P = 0.014 and 0.010, respectively). For theOur study identified the distinctive characteristics of the clinical manifestations, the SUR

Fluorine-18-2-(3-{1-carboxy-5-[(6-We retrospectively evaluated the data of 56 SPCa patients who had undergoneAll the patients were confirmed by histopathological examination via prostatectomy or prostate biopsy. Fluorine-18-DCFPyL PET/CT showed higher radiotracer uptake in prostate cancer than that in non-prostate cancer. When SUVmax 5.0 and SULmax 4.0 were cut-off points for determining prostate cancer, the sensitivity ofFluorine-18-DCFPyL PET/CT is a promising imaging modality for initial diagnosis and preoperative N staging in SPCa.

Background It has been reported the prognostic value of MTV in predicting the disease prognosis of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) through pre-treatment PET/CT imaging. However, these are limited data on pretreatment evaluation and prognosis assessments of peripheral T-cell lymphoma-not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). This study aimed to determine the prognostic values of pre-treatment and mid-treatment total metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and Deauville 5-Point Scale (D-5PS) in accessing the prognosis of PTCL-NOS. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 31 patients with pathologically diagnosed PTCL-NOS. These patients have undergone positron emission PET/CT scanning before and during chemotherapy. Follow-ups were also done to investigate the 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS) of these patients. During $${}^{18}$$ 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ($${}^{18}$$ 18 F-FDG) PET/CT scans, the MTV and TLG were recorded. Meanwhile, $$\bigtriangleup$$ △ MTV and $$\bigtriangleup$$ △ TLG were calculated. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to classify and to define the threshold values. On the other hand, the mid-chemotherapy assessment and staging of these 31 patients were done by utilizing D-5PS. Subsequently, based on the D-5PS scores obtained, these patients were grouped into two categories: a group of patients with a score of $$\ge$$ ≥ 4 points. For these two groups of patients, the survival analysis was done by Kaplan–Meier analysis and a multivariate COX regression model. Moreover, Pearson’s chi-square test ($$\chi ^{2}$$ χ 2 test) and Spearman rank correlation coefficient were used to comparing the collected data, respectively. Results During the 2-year follow-up period, 15 out of the 31 patients experienced disease progression. The optimal threshold values for both baseline MTV and TLG were 158.16 cm$$^{3}$$ 3 and 677.40.Additionally, the difference in 2-year PFS between the progressive and non-progressive groups was statistically significant ($$\chi ^{2}=8.193$$ χ 2 = 8.193 , $$P=0.004 P = 0.004 < 0.05 ; $$\chi ^{2}=8.872$$ χ 2 = 8.872 , $$P=0.003 P = 0.003 < 0.05 ), significant between-group difference was detected for MTV and for TLG ($$\chi ^{2}=6.494$$ χ 2 = 6.494 , $$P=0.011 P = 0.011 < 0.05 ; $$\chi ^{2}=4.687$$ χ 2 = 4.687 , $$P=0.03 P = 0.03 < 0.05 ). On the other hand, when these patients were classified into two groups according to the mid-chemotherapy Deauville score of $$\ge$$ ≥ 4, the statistical difference of 2-year PFS between these two groups was significant, too ($$\chi ^{2}=14.966$$ χ 2 = 14.966 , $$P=0.001 P = 0.001 < 0.05 ),but there is no significant between-group difference in OS ($$\chi ^{2}=3.337$$ χ 2 = 3.337 , $$P=0.068 P = 0.068 < 0.05 ). COX analysis revealed that D-5PS are the independent factors influencing PFS, while MTV is the independent influencing factor of OS. Conclusion The baseline total MTV obtained by PET/CT scanning, and D-5PS are crucial prognostic factors in evaluating the prognosis of PTCL-NOS.

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) is a group of autoimmune diseases that frequently leads to unfavorable outcome. This study aimed at identifying the clinical value of PET/CT scan in predicting the outcome of adult IIM patients.Adult IIM patients who were admitted to the four divisions of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (FAHZJU), from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. PET/CT scan and other factors of IIM patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were collected and analyzed.A total of 69 adult IIM patients were finally enrolled into this study. Thirty cases (43.5%) of all the patients enrolled died in follow-up, and the medium follow-up time was 11.90 (4.00, 23.80) months. In particular, 14 patients died within 3 months. The univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses revealed pulmonary bacterial infection (P 0.001), rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD, P = 0.018), maximum standard uptake value of spleen (spleen SUVmax, P = 0.002), and positivity of anti-MDA5 antibody (P = 0.041) were significantly related to survival in follow-up. The following multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis identified pulmonary bacterial infection (P = 0.003) and spleen SUVmax (P = 0.032) as factors significantly associated with survival of IIM-ILD patients. The subsequent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed SUVmax was comparably effective in predicting death within 3 months.Spleen SUVmax and complication of pulmonary bacterial infection were significantly associated with survival of IIM patients. In addition, elevated spleen SUVmax was efficient in predicting unfavorable outcome of adult IIM patients. Key Points • IIM is a group of autoimmune diseases that frequently leads to unfavorable outcome • Complications of splenic SUVmax and pulmonary bacterial infection were significantly associated with survival in IIM patients.

Background Talaromyces marneffei infection is an important opportunistic infection associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, it is unusual in patients with non-AIDS and other non-immunosuppressed conditions. We report a case of delayed diagnosis of disseminated T. marneffei infection in non-AIDS, non-immunosuppressive and non-endemic conditions. Case presentation We describe a previously healthy 24-year-old man who complained of a 3-month history of intermittent diarrhea and a recent week of uncontrollable high fever. The HIV antibody test was negative. Enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) and integrated 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose position emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) both suspected malignant lymphoma. However, a large number of yeast-like cells were found in macrophages in cervical lymph node samples by hematoxylin and eosin stain and silver hexamine stain. Subsequent blood culture suggested T. marneffei infection. Metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing (mNGS) results suggested T. marneffei as the dominant pathogen. Unfortunately, the patient continued to develop acute liver failure and died due to adverse events associated with amphotericin B. Conclusions Early diagnosis in HIV-negative patients who are otherwise not immunosuppressed and endemic poses a serious challenge. T. marneffei infection is an FDG-avid nonmalignant condition that may lead to false-positive FDG PET/CT scans. Nevertheless, integrated FDG PET/CT is necessary in patients with fever of unknown origin in the early period to perform earlier biopsy for histopathology and culture in highly avid sites and to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment.

Baicalin is an important flavonoid compound THAT is isolated from the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Chinese herb and plays a critical role in anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-infection and anti-tumor functions. Although baicalin can suppress the proliferation of tumor cells, the underlying mechanisms of baicalin in bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis remain to be elucidated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the role of baicalin in pulmonary fibrosis and fibroblast proliferation in rats. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining were used to measure the morphology of pulmonary fibrosis, ELIASA kits were used to test the ROS and inflammation, and western blotting and TUNEL were performed to study the apoptosis proteins. In vitro, MTT assay, flow cytometry, western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to investigate the effects of baicalin on proliferation of fibroblasts. The most significantly fibrotic changes were identified in the lungs of model rats at day 28. Baicalin (50 mg/kg) attenuated the degree of pulmonary fibrosis, and the hydroxyproline content of the lung tissues was decreased in the baicalin group, compared with the BLM group. Further investigation revealed that baicalin significantly increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), total-superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels, whilst decreasing that of serum malondialdehyde (MDA). TUNEL-positive cells were significantly decreased in rats treated with baicalin group, compared with the model group. Furthermore, it was found that BLM promoted fibroblasts viability in a dose-dependent manner in vivo, which was restricted following treatment with different concentrations of baicalin. Moreover, BLM promoted the expression levels of cyclin A, D and E, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, phosphorylated (p)-AKT and p-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type. BLM also promoted the transition of cells from the G0/G1 phase to the G2/M and S phases, and increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, which was subsequently suppressed by baicalin. Collectively, the results of the present study suggested that baicalin exerted a suppressive effect on BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and fibroblast proliferation.

Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this retrospective study was to reveal the risk factors for the severity of DR in individuals with T2DM. Demographic data and biochemical parameters were collected and analyzed. Methods A total of 518 individuals with type 2 diabetes were included. These individuals were classified into three groups according to the severity of diabetic retinopathy: non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR) group (N = 172), non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) group (N = 184), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group (N = 162). Demographic and clinical measurement data of the individuals were collected by reviewing medical records and direct interview. The demographic data and biochemical parameters between groups were compared using Student’s t-test. Moreover, the factors related to severity of diabetic retinopathy were identified by using the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results No significant difference in age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and diabetes duration was found among these three groups. The serum uric acid (SUA), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), homocysteine, and urinary albumin levels were significantly higher in the NPDR and PDR group than those in the NDR group (P P 1; P Conclusion The concentrations of SUA and urinary albumin are associated with the severity of DR in individuals with T2DM.

CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has shown great efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) but has been associated with serious adverse effects, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS). It has been speculated that NHL baseline disease burden might affect clinical outcome and CRS, but this has not been explored in detail in any previous study. Metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), as measured by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET-CT), are quantitative indicators of baseline tumor burden. Using FDG PET-CT, we calculated baseline and post-CAR-T cell therapy MTV and TLG in 19 patients with NHL. The median MTV was 72 cm3 (range, .02 to 1137.7 cm3), and the median TLG was 555.9 (range, .011 to 8990.3). After a median follow-up of 5 months (range, 1 to 12 months), the best overall response rate was 79.0%. The baseline MTV and TLG did not differ significantly between patients with response and those without response (P = .62 and .95, respectively). On Cox regression analysis, baseline MTV and TLG were not significantly associated with overall survival (P = .67 and .45, respectively). Patients with mild and moderate CRS (grade 0 to 2) had significantly lower MTV and TLG than those with severe CRS (grade 3 to 4) (P = .008 for MTV comparison, P = .011 for TLG comparison). Using FDG PET-CT, we also demonstrated that CAR-T cell therapy in patients with NHL was associated with pseudoprogression and local immune activation. Our data indicate that patients with higher baseline disease burden have more severe CRS, and that CAR-T cell therapy is associated with lymphoma pseudoprogression and local immune activation.

Introduction: Primary hepatic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is extremely rare and we herein report a case of a patient suffering from primary hepatic MALT lymphoma with concomitant hepatitis B virus infection. Diagnostic modalities and outcome: Double masses were found in a 59-year-old Chinese female patient. We reported the laboratory results, computed tomography (CT) and fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT images among other findings. As far as we know, only 9 cases have been reported till now using 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. Our patient's lesions were found to conform to standard uptake values of FDG. Conclusion: It indicates that hepatic MALT lymphoma can be studied with 18F-FDG PET/CT like other 18F-FDG-avid lymphomas. It was also noted that delayed-time-point FDG PET imaging may further improve the detection of the MALT lymphoma in liver. Although the patient in this case refused further treatment, potential management options, including rituximab, which is also discussed in this review.

Rationale Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) complicated with multiple organ abscesses is an uncommon manifestation. Because of the low incidence of the disease, F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) imaging studies for PAVMs complicated with multiple organ abscesses are scarce. Patient concerns We report a case of a 54-year-old man presenting with PAVMs complicated with synchronous multiple organ abscesses founded by F-FDG PET/CT. F-FDG PET/CT revealed tortuous stripes and mass opacities with no significant FDG uptake in the left upper lung lobe. However, hypermetabolic lesions located in the anterior inferior segment of right hepatic lobe [with maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 10.7], and in the right basal ganglia with SUVmax of 14.1 were found by F-FDG PET/CT. Diagnoses A diagnosis of synchronous liver and brain abscesses infected by rare Aerococcus viridans was determined by tissue culture. Interventions Vancomycin was provided intravenously, and oral linezolidate tablets were prescribed for anti-inflammatory treatment for 1 month. Liver and head magnetic resonance imaging was performed during the follow-up. Outcomes The lesion in the right basal ganglia was reduced, and the lesion in the right liver had disappeared, indicating the lesions were abscesses. Lessons The present case indicated that the possibility of abscesses should be considered with patients with PAVMs, and whole-body F-FDG PET/CT is suggested to identify possible accompanying abscesses in multiple organs for PAVMs patients.