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The impact of air quality inside residential buildings and constructions on the health of residents and workers has been studied very little in recent years. In the school environment, students are constantly exposed to mixtures of airborne substances from a wide variety of sources both in classrooms and in the school environment. Exposure to such factors of students influences, in the long term, physiological development, dynamics, quality of life, life expectancy, without being aware of the dangers in the air and being able to make decisions on reducing exposure to the risk factor. In the short term, poor air quality in classrooms leads to a decrease in attention and concentration, both for the student and the teaching staff. The research is motivated by the following: a) The lack of data and studies carried out in Romania, and their relationship with the change in student behavior during the school program; b) Laboratories and practice workshops in high schools are totally different from classrooms from the point of view of air quality and internal factors that contribute to pollution due to the equipment and specific, different activities carried out in these spaces. The novelty of this study is brought by the fact that, at the same time as the monitoring and data acquisition of air quality (inside and outside), there will be a monitoring and data acquisition of real-time biometric measurements of the subjects directly exposed to this environment, via a bracelet attached to the subject's arm. This bracelet is designed to perform biometric measurements without disturbing the subjects in the activities in which they are involved. These measurements are made with 9 different sensors for: pulse, blood oxygen (SPO2), air flow (respiration), body temperature, electrocardiogram (ECG), galvanic skin response (GSR - sweat), blood pressure (sphygmomanometer), patient position/movement, and muscle sensor/electromyography (EMG). The data thus obtained will be centralized on a PC and analyzed later. At the end, an ecological equipment capable of ensuring the ventilation of the space and a constant air quality, by monitoring the values of the compounds in the air, will be created experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present the manner in which René Descartes discovered the principle of the autonomy of the spirit as a Mathesis Universalis, as a universal science, his perception being much different from the medieval scholastic one, where the intellect corresponded with the sensible reality. Descartes reversed this suitability, considering that the intellect should not be guided by things and build judgments according to them, but, on the contrary, things are analyzed according to the intellect's abilities to give them meanings and sense, to make them intelligible. Firstly, we will demonstrate that, for Descartes, the very existence, the reality of a thing depends on this light of the intellect that unifies all knowledge through Mathesis Universalis. For the French philosopher, order and measure, captured by Mathesis Universalis, become the qualities by which God, the only perfect Being, created the Universe that obeys a coherent mathematical model. Secondly, we will highlight the fact that the starting point of this new metaphysics could be found in Descartes's view that God cannot be considered deceptive, that the world is not the creation of an evil and cunning Genius. In conclusion, knowledge through Mathesis Universalis leads the spirit to that place where the reasons of universal peace can be founded, whose purpose is to overcome those structures of the imaginary that wing the irrational drives dressed in the clothes of war and death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper considers the presentation of practical solutions for the realization of smart location, materialized through research on solutions for monitoring parameters and solutions for these locations. In this paper we present: description of the concept of smart location, structures and architectures, realization of a pilot installation of smart location and data aquisition. For these researches was used to monitor electro-mechanical radiation of its own design. We obtained the following results: realization and design of the elements of the housing components with the 123D Design program, processing with the Cura program, obtaining g-code files for transfer to 3D printing, monitors in real time and detects errors or deficiencies in location. The main objective of this paper is to propose a model of technical solution for an smart location, which can be applicable in the maritime field, respectively to ships in the engine room or other location onboard.

In this paper we will try to identify the concrete ways in which John Locke describes the limits of toleration between different types of faith and its metaphysical foundations. From the beginning of his text A Letter Concerning Toleration, John Locke specifies that toleration is, first and foremost, a practical ideal and, secondly, a moral one. As such, toleration must be the essential feature of the true Church because in the field of religious faith any claimed superiority is in fact only the expression of the struggle for power and domination. A theoretical perspective on the idea of religious toleration is also recalled from Lockeˈs radical empiricism, which correlates man's identity with his appearance at birth, for the first time in the world, as a different form from others. Such a view is contrary to metempsychosis which could lead to innate ideas in the human soul about moral principles and especially about God, as Plato or Descartes believed. Starting from the principles of toleration, John Locke's idea was to find those elements through which a fundamental separation between the Church and the State could be achieved. But toleration ceases when the Church and the State merge discreetly until they can no longer distinguish the boundaries between them. We consider that the fundamental principle of religious toleration is based on the idea of reciprocity, i.e. tolerationto- toleration and intolerance-to-intolerance, as Locke stated. This principle is also an essential landmark for a moral law on religious toleration in the contemporary, global world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strong media coverage of the negative consequences of the polluting factors has created in the society a culturalization of the population in this direction. Real-time knowledge of indoor and outdoor air quality, water quality, noise pollution level, or electromagnetic radiation level are requirements of today's society. The demand for devices to monitor these pollutants has increased substantially in recent years. Electromagnetic radiation monitoring devices are also part of the increasingly demanded devices. The current market offers such devices, which have a high cost price, which can usually indicate only the presence of electromagnetic radiation but do not indicate the volume or area of radiation and do not even integrate their amount. Summarizing these inconveniences makes such equipment rare, monitoring the amount and sources of radiation being difficult or even impossible to achieve, the volume of data being small and inaccurate can not help achieve a correct picture of the phenomenon and adopt correct prevention policies or combat the phenomenon. Thus, the need to develop a universal device for monitoring electromagnetic radiation called (EMR-MUD) has arisen. It complements the family of universal monitoring devices Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Universal Device (IAQ-MUD) and Outdoor Air Quality Monitoring Universal Device (OAQ-MUD) improving the image of pollutants. It is able to monitor several areas of interest in the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, built for indoor and outdoor spaces, to be reduced in volume, (possibly) portable, low price, maintenance close to zero, Internet connectivity for data acquisition and creation of databases for the elaboration of strategies for prevention and reduction of the monitored phenomena. With this device made in our own laboratory we can make: . Recording individual values for each monitored area; . Local registration of monitored data and values; . Issuing alarms when the limit values are exceeded; . Online access to data for processing and analysis; . IoT compatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to Thomas Hobbes’s long exile (i.e. eleven years, between 1640 and 1651) in France, at that time governed de facto by Cardinal Mazarin, the founder of Louis XIV’s expansionist policy, some researchers consider that the political work of the British thinker refers to such a kind of political leadership. Other voices, however, associate Hobbes with the way Charles I tried to lead, namely as a sovereign monarch relative to the Parliament. However, Hobbes’s correspondence with Descartes comes to clarify this issue, in fact demonstrating the enormous influence of Oliver Cromwell on Hobbes’s political work. In this article we will analyze the relationship between law and natural right in the Hobbesian work of Leviathan in order to identify the manner in which the British philosopher explains the genesis and specificity of civil society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this text we aim to present the way Sigmund Freud discovered the universe of the unconscious and the significance of dream interpretation. For „the Father of psychoanalysis", the unconscious is not just a depository of some mental contents that belong to a sub-conscious, but a genuine reservoir of autonomous energies that have their own determinism, different from that of conscious. The Viennese psychoanalyst is the supporter of a determinism at the unconscious level, which is revealed by the mechanisms of the dream. For Freud, dreams are the royal path through which the unconscious emerges. Only in the dream conscious can look strictly passively at the way in which unconscious contents emerge in symbolic forms through all sorts of condensations and transfers of repressed drives. In the dream, the Ego becomes free and ready for the real meeting with the Self, that only he can recognize and understand in its most intimate sense. However, dreams, though ephemeral, represent extremely effective successes for everyday psychic life. In the end, I concluded that the dream contents can be properly comprehended only by the dreamer, and the psychoanalyst can help the dreamer only to recognize these subtle understandings of his own unconscious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new Renaissance spirit was the crucible for a new type of Christianity that appreciated man for his involvement and accomplishment in the terrestrial world. This new way to describe someone as a true Christian will find fulfillment in Calvinism and the Protestant ethics based on the principles introduced by the Pastor of Geneva. In this paper I will analyze Spinoza's approach of philosophy and theology in his book Theological-Political Treatise, which proposed solutions, hardly accepted by his contemporaries. In the first part of the paper, I will present Descartes' influence on Spinoza's thinking, pointing out on the white, non-philological character of Cartesian philosophy. In the second part, I will argue that Spinoza made a separation between natural light and theology, but he identified their point of convergence on the realm of morality. At the end, I will highlight the fact that Spinoza identified a possible value conflict between Jewish Old Law and New Law, but at the same time he also found the way in which it can be managed. In his view, philosophy and philosophers have important roles because a vision based on reason rather than faith is necessary when it comes to establish a rational state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marie, former a Princess living in Edinburgh, became Queen of Romania in 1914. However her most significant role began with the country's entry into the First World War (WWI) in 1916 when, due to the defeats suffered by the Romanian army, the Government and the Royal House had to flee to Jassy, which through necessity, became the wartime capital. Soon, hundreds of thousands of refugees and injured soldiers fled to Jassy. Queen Marie organized the domestic front, showing exemplary dedication through direct and personal involvement. This paper aims to identify Queen Marie's strategy to successfully save the lives of Romanian soldiers and civilians alike and to organize the sanitary system that was at that time in a chronically bad state. Under such circumstances, a person with a profound sense of organization was needed and Queen Marie assumed this role. As patron of the Romanian Red Cross, she organized fundraising and called for volunteers to act as nurses in military hospitals. As a figure of royal authority, she was able to organize the ambulance service and hospitals, as well as the triage of wounded soldiers in the railway station of Jassy. With the help of Doctor Cantacuzino, she established hospitals centered on a single pathology such as infectious diseases, tuberculosis, eye diseases and trauma. She organized recovery centers for wounded soldiers and founded orphanages and canteens for the poor. As a sister of charity, she took care not only of wounded soldiers, but also of civilians. Though British by birth, Queen Marie was loved by her adoptive people for her contribution during the WWI. She was called the "Mother of the Wounded Soldiers", and her image in a Red Cross uniform remained in the heart of Romanians until today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On account of the 17th century optics, the Scholastic theory of the unity of senses has been viewed in a critical manner. A true revolution was engaged by the new theory of vision initiated by Johannes Kepler who had a great influence on the philosophical thinking of that time, especially on Descarte's and Hobbe's works. Being the first who applied the camera obscura principle to reveal the mechanisms of sight, Kepler emphasized the importance of the subject in the process of imaging, ultimately leading to the idea of an external reality that subjectivized itself. The new theory of vision has been speculated by Early Modern philosophers in support of the idea that the senses are deceptive. From science and philosophy, the idea of deceiving senses penetrated into Baroque painting and architecture, performing the illusory effect of trompe l'oeil in which two-dimensional images would be perceived as three-dimensional ones. Thus, science, philosophy and especially art developed a vision centered on the subject, on its freedom in creating and especially interpreting the idea of reality. For early Modern thinkers, reality is no longer a single one and the subject ceases to be a passive reproducer of it, but rather an artisan, a demiurge of his own world. This new quality of the free subject recalled a new interpretation of the relationship with the Creator in the 18th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of Montesquieu's major theories established in The Spirit of the Laws is the separations of powers, according to which there are three kinds of powers in a state: legislative, executive and judiciary which must be separated, but, at the same time, kept in balance in order to guarantee the freedom of the individual. In support of the deist theory, Montesquieu considered that the separation of the powers would be the magical condition that would make society to function on itself, as an autonomous mechanism, fixing itself, without the need of external intervention, being inspired by an invisible power. Montesquieu, like Voltaire, was the pioneer of introducing the deism in France as a consequence of the fact that he had entered in contact with the English space. His major work, The Spirit of the Laws, influenced the elaboration of constitutions in numerous countries and was chosen as a starting point in drafting the Constitution of the United States of America by which the leaders of the American Revolution wanted a free, republican and confederate country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of some alkyl-phenyl-pyridinium compounds (which are in fact cytostatics) on the pseudotumoral tissues after their exposure to optical UV- vis beams.

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) represents a highly sensitive method for the detection of pancreatic masses. When available, EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the best technique for the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer due to its ability to obtain tissue for diagnosis. The standardized indications for pancreatic EUS-FNA comprise the definite diagnosis of malignancy and histopathological confirmation of adenocarcinoma before surgical resection, chemo/radiotherapy, or celiac plexus neurolysis. The technique of performing EUS-FNA is described in detail, from the vizualization of the target lesion and adequate placement of the transducer to allow optimal needle access, to needle penetration and sampling of the targeted lesion. We report a series of 9 patients who underwent EUS-FNA and shortly review the indications, technique, results and impact of EUS-FNA on the management of these patients.