46 results on '"Da, Guillaume"'
Search Results
2. ASSESSING THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF MUCOSAL EXPOSURE AND INHALATION EXPOSURE TO AIRBORNE PARTICLES
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Johra, Hicham, Duan, Mengjie, Liu, Li, Da, Guillaume, Wang, Yi, Géhin, Evelyne, and Johra, Hicham
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NSB 2023 - Abstract
Particles deposited on mucosa or penetrating into lower airway are two exposure routes. Quantifying administered dose of these two routes gives us idea for future advanced individual protection. Here, we report an in-vitro method to assess the administered doses of eyes, lips, and lower airway. A CT scanning and 3D-printing based human replica is developed, and exposed in front of the 0.6-5μm monodispersed fluorescent particles. At small size particles (
- Published
- 2023
3. Preventing Indoor Bioaerosol Contamination in Food Processing Environments and HVAC Systems: Assessment of Particle Deposition for Hygienic Design Purposes
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Da, Guillaume, Géhin, Evelyne, Havet, Michel, Ben Othmane, Mourad, Solliec, Camille, Barceló, Damià, Editor-in-chief, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Editor-in-chief, Jiménez, Elena, editor, Cabañas, Beatriz, editor, and Lefebvre, Gilles, editor
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- 2015
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4. A comparison of energy use, water use and carbon footprint of cassava starch production in Thailand, Vietnam and Colombia
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Tran, Thierry, Da, Guillaume, Moreno-Santander, Martín Alonso, Vélez-Hernández, Gustavo Adolfo, Giraldo-Toro, Andrès, Piyachomkwan, Kuakoon, Sriroth, Klanarong, and Dufour, Dominique
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- 2015
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5. Cottage Level Cassava Starch Processing Systems in Colombia and Vietnam
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Da, Guillaume, Dufour, Dominique, Giraldo, Andres, Moreno, Martin, Tran, Thierry, Velez, Gustavo, Sanchez, Teresa, Le-Thanh, Mai, Marouze, Claude, and Marechal, Pierre-André
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- 2013
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6. Preventing Indoor Bioaerosol Contamination in Food Processing Environments and HVAC Systems: Assessment of Particle Deposition for Hygienic Design Purposes
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Da, Guillaume, primary, Géhin, Evelyne, additional, Havet, Michel, additional, Ben Othmane, Mourad, additional, and Solliec, Camille, additional
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- 2014
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7. A review on the applied techniques of exhaled airflow and droplets characterization
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Mahjoub Mohammed Merghani, Khansa, primary, Sagot, Benoit, additional, Gehin, Evelyne, additional, Da, Guillaume, additional, and Motzkus, Charles, additional
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- 2020
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8. Measuring the administered dose of particles on the facial mucosa of a realistic human model
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Duan, Mengjie, primary, Liu, Li, additional, Da, Guillaume, additional, Géhin, Evelyne, additional, Nielsen, Peter V., additional, Weinreich, Ulla M., additional, Lin, Borong, additional, Wang, Yi, additional, Zhang, Ting, additional, and Sun, Wei, additional
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- 2019
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9. Modeling dynamic variation of drag force acting on single hot particle
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Duan, Mengjie, primary, Wang, Yi, additional, Wang, Dengchao, additional, Da, Guillaume, additional, Liu, Li, additional, and Yang, Yang, additional
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- 2019
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10. Global survey of antibiotic resistance genes in air
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Li, Jing, Cao, Junji, Zhu, Yong-guan, Chen, Qing-lin, Shen, Fangxia, Wu, Yan, Xu, Siyu, Fan, Hanqing, Da, Guillaume, Huang, Ru-jin, Wang, Jing, De Jesus, Alma Lorelei, Morawska, Lidia, Chan, Chak, Peccia, Jordan, Yao, Maosheng, Li, Jing, Cao, Junji, Zhu, Yong-guan, Chen, Qing-lin, Shen, Fangxia, Wu, Yan, Xu, Siyu, Fan, Hanqing, Da, Guillaume, Huang, Ru-jin, Wang, Jing, De Jesus, Alma Lorelei, Morawska, Lidia, Chan, Chak, Peccia, Jordan, and Yao, Maosheng
- Abstract
Despite its emerging significant public health concern, the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in urban air has not received significant attention. Here, we profiled relative abundances (as a fraction, normalized by 16S rRNA gene) of 30 ARG subtypes resistant to seven common classes of antibiotics, which are quinolones, β-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, and vancomycins, in ambient total particulate matter (PM) using a novel protocol across 19 world cities. In addition, their longitudinal changes in PM2.5 samples in Xi’an, China as an example were also studied. Geographically, the ARGs were detected to vary by nearly 100-fold in their abundances, for example, from 0.07 (Bandung, Indonesia) to 5.6 (San Francisco, USA). The β-lactam resistance gene blaTEM was found to be most abundant, seconded by quinolone resistance gene qepA; and their corresponding relative abundances have increased by 178% and 26%, respectively, from 2004 to 2014 in Xi’an. Independent of cities, gene network analysis indicates that airborne ARGs were differentially contributed by bacterial taxa. Results here reveal that urban air is being polluted by ARGs, and different cities are challenged with varying health risks associated with airborne ARG exposure. This work highlights the threat of urban airborne transmission of ARGs and the need of redefining our current air quality standards in terms with public health.
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- 2018
11. A review on the applied techniques of exhaled airflow and droplets characterization.
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Mahjoub Mohammed Merghani, Khansa, Sagot, Benoit, Gehin, Evelyne, Da, Guillaume, and Motzkus, Charles
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AIR flow ,HIGH-speed photography ,RESEARCH teams ,AIRBORNE infection ,VELOCITY measurements - Abstract
In the last two decades, multidisciplinary research teams worked on developing a comprehensive understanding of the transmission mechanisms of airborne diseases. This article reviews the experimental studies on the characterization of the exhaled airflow and the droplets, comparing the measured parameters, the advantages, and the limitations of each technique. To characterize the airflow field, the global flow‐field techniques—high‐speed photography, schlieren photography, and PIV—are applied to visualize the shape and propagation of the exhaled airflow and its interaction with the ambient air, while the pointwise measurements provide quantitative measurements of the velocity, flow rate, humidity and temperature at a single point in the flow field. For the exhaled droplets, intrusive techniques are used to characterize the size distribution and concentration of the droplets' dry residues while non‐intrusive techniques can measure the droplet size and velocity at different locations in the flow field. The evolution of droplets' size and velocity away from the source has not yet been thoroughly experimentally investigated. Besides, there is a lack of information about the temperature and humidity fields composed by the interaction of the exhaled airflow and the ambient air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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12. Measuring the administered dose of particles on the facial mucosa of a realistic human model.
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Duan, Mengjie, Liu, Li, Da, Guillaume, Géhin, Evelyne, Nielsen, Peter V., Weinreich, Ulla M., Lin, Borong, Wang, Yi, Zhang, Ting, and Sun, Wei
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MUCOUS membranes ,THREE-dimensional printing ,LUNG volume ,PARTICLES ,TRACHEA ,OROPHARYNX - Abstract
Exposure to particulate contaminants can cause serious adverse health effects. Deposition on the facial mucosa is an important path of exposure, but it is difficult to conduct direct dose measurement on real human subjects. In this study, we propose an in vitro method to assess the administered doses of micron‐sized particles on the eyes and lips in which computed tomographic scanning and three‐dimensional printing were used to create a model that includes a face, oropharynx, trachea, the first five generations of bronchi, and lung volume. This realistic model of a face and airway was exposed to monodispersed fluorescent particles released from an incoming jet. The administered dose of particles deposited upon the eyes and lips, as quantified by fluorescence intensity, was determined via a standard wiping protocol. The results show that, in this scenario, the administered doses normalized by source were 2.15%, 1.02%, 0.88%, 2.13%, and 1.55% for 0.6‐, 1.0‐, 2.0‐, 3.0‐, and 5.0‐µm particles, respectively. The administered dose of large particles on the mucosa within a given exposure time has great significance. Moreover, the lips suffer a much greater risk of exposure than the eyes and account for more than 80% of total facial mucosa deposition. Our study provides a fast and economical method to assess the administered dose on the facial mucosa on an individual basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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13. Global Survey of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Air
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Li, Jing, primary, Cao, Junji, additional, Zhu, Yong-guan, additional, Chen, Qing-lin, additional, Shen, Fangxia, additional, Wu, Yan, additional, Xu, Siyu, additional, Fan, Hanqing, additional, Da, Guillaume, additional, Huang, Ru-jin, additional, Wang, Jing, additional, de Jesus, Alma Lorelei, additional, Morawska, Lidia, additional, Chan, Chak K., additional, Peccia, Jordan, additional, and Yao, Maosheng, additional
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- 2018
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14. Contribution of wet pavement cleaning to airborne particle composition of Paris: SEM approach
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Seidl , Martin, Da , Guillaume, Ausset , Patrick, Géhin , Evelyne, laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains ( LEESU ), AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech ( ENPC ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ), and Bordignon, Frédérique
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[ SDE ] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2016
15. Time-Dependent Size-Resolved Bacterial and Fungal Aerosols in Beijing Subway
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Fan, Hanqing, primary, Li, Xinyue, additional, Deng, Jiahao, additional, Da, Guillaume, additional, Gehin, Evelyne, additional, and Yao, Maosheng, additional
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- 2017
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16. Comparative SEM analysis of airborne particles generated during wet pavement cleaning
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Seidl, Martin, Da, Guillaume, Géhin, E., Ausset, Patrick, Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains ( LEESU ), AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech ( ENPC ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ), Laboratoire inter-universitaire des systèmes atmosphèriques ( LISA ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Bordignon, Frédérique, laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[ SDE ] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
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- 2015
17. Evaluation des risques des bio-aérosols générés par nettoyage humide en milieu urbain
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Seidl, Martin, Da, Guillaume, laboratoire Eau, Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre d'Etudes et Recherches en Thermique, Environnement et Systèmes [Créteil] (CERTES EA 3481), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université Paris-Est, OPUR, LEESU ENPC, CERTES UPEC, and Seidl, Martin
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street ,[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,Paris ,eau non potable ,nettoyage urbain ,water ,cleaning ,urban - Abstract
International audience; Estimation of the sanitary impact of bioaerosol generated during wet street cleaning.
- Published
- 2013
18. Technology assessment of small and medium cassava starch enterprises in North Vietnam
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Da, Guillaume, Dufour, Dominique, Marouzé, Claude, Le Thanh, M., Trinh Thi, P.L., and Maréchal, Pierre-André
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Extraction ,Manioc ,Teneur en matière sèche ,Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires ,Analyse des coûts ,Fragmentation ,Utilisation de l'eau ,Consommation d'énergie ,Efficacité ,Eau usée ,Sous-produit ,Amidon ,Qualité - Abstract
The cassava starch processing supply chain in Vietnam has rapidly changed over the past decade. The introduction of high yielding cassava varieties (KM 94, KM 60) with high starch content for industrial purposes has led to a complex situation, where both small and large scale producers have to tackle the burgeoning environmental issues. Three categories of small-sized wet starch extraction systems were identified in a cluster of root processing enterprises from the Red River Delta (Hoai Duc district, Ha Tay Province) where the hazards caused by liquid waste from cassava processing has been approved by all the stakeholders. The type A and B processors used cylindrical rasper with manual sieve (A) or a milk starch filtering machine (B); the type C processors used an equipment combining rasper and filtering machine. A methodology is proposed to assess the impact of these three technologies based on processing efficiency and volume of effluents. For each system, processing parameters such as dry matter, starch content, conversion rate, extraction efficiency and water consumption were studied. The amount of water used to produce one kg of dry starch, was 18, 14 and 22 l for systems A, B and C respectively. The quality of starch and byproducts and a cost estimation were also determined. Despite the growing popularity of the use of system C throughout the villages, it required higher power consumption than systems A and B.
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- 2012
19. An assessment of environmental impacts of cassava starch extraction technologies
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Tran, Thierry, Da, Guillaume, Piyachomkwan, Kuakoon, Moreno, Martin A., Velez, G., Giraldo Toro, Andres, Sriroth, Klanarong, and Dufour, Dominique
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Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires ,Utilisation de l'eau ,Extraction ,Manioc ,Consommation d'énergie ,Amidon - Abstract
The environmental impacts of the transformation of cassava roots into starch were assessed for three contrasting technologies at small and large scale (1-2 and 100-200t starch per day), using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The objective was to assess impacts for each unit operation, so as to identify impacts hotspots as well as sustainable practices, with a view to uncover opportunities for improving the environmental performance of cassava starch production. The system boundaries were defined as the unit operations used to transform fresh cassava roots delivered at factory gate into loose, dry cassava starch. Inventory data indicated wide variations in energy and water consumption. The large scale technology required 702kWh/t starch, mainly (75%) from fuel oil used for the drying operation, but was most efficient in terms of water use (10m3/t starch) due to water recycling between unit operations. The two small scale technologies were similar in terms of electricity use (59kWh/t starch), and relied on solar energy for drying. In contrast, their water consumption varied from 20 to 60m3/t starch due to differences in the design of the rasping and starch recovery (extraction) operations. The LCA characterizations, using the ReCiPe method, indicated that the main impact contributions were at the drying operation for the large scale technology, and at the extraction operation for the small scale technologies, mainly because of energy use, as well as water use in the case of the most water-intensive technology. Hence strategies to reduce the impacts of cassava starch production could focus on: Increasing the energy efficiency of the drying operation or replacing fossil energy with a renewable source (biogas), which can be produced from the factory wastewater; Improving the design of some unit operations with regards to water and energy efficiency; and Promoting the transfer and adoption of water recycling practices. (Texte intégral)
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- 2012
20. Environmental impacts and benefits of cassava starch production using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) thinking
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Tran, Thierry, Piyachomkwan, Kuakoon, Da, Guillaume, Sriroth, Klanarong, and Dufour, Dominique
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E21 - Agro-industrie ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières ,Q01 - Sciences et technologies alimentaires - Considérations générales ,U30 - Méthodes de recherche - Published
- 2011
21. Les activités agro-alimentaires dans les Villages de Métier du Delta du Fleuve Rouge (Vietnam) : quelles spécificités ?
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Fanchette, Sylvie, Sautier, Denis, Dao Thê Anh, and Da, Guillaume
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Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires - Abstract
Le delta du fleuve Rouge au Nord Vietnam compte environ un millier de villages spécialisés, dits "villages de métier", organisés en clusters (Fanchette 2009). Quelle est la place des activités agro-alimentaires dans l'univers varié des villages de métiers du delta du fleuve Rouge ? Quelles sont les spécificités de ces activités ? Et ces spécificités renvoient-elles à des modes de fonctionnement, de pilotage et d'ancrage territorial propres, qui justifient de les identifier séparemment en tant que systemes agro-alimentaires localisés? Dans cette communication, nous tenterons d'apporter des elements de reponse a ces questions par une approche comparée à 3 niveaux: historique, geographique et stratégique. Au plan historique, seront mis en perspective les points communs et les points de differentiation entre villages de métier selon leur spécialisation soit dans l'agro-alimentaire, soit dans d'autres métiers. Les villages agro-alimentaires de la zone periphérique de Hanoi, au-dela de leur diversité (amidon de manioc, vermicelles de riz et de canna, pâtés salés, bonbons..) apparaissent globalement comme plus récents, plus modestes, pratiquant une moindre division du travail et davantage orientés vers des productions de bas de gamme. Leurs trajectoires ne semblent pas presenter les opportunités de montée en gamme ou en échelle de production observées pour d'autres specialités (mécaniques, poteries..). Ils possèdent certains traits communs avec les villages de metiers d'art. Au plan géographique, l'implantation des villages de métier agro-alimentaires a suivi en partie des logiques communes à celles d'autres villages de métier. Ils se sont développés dans des zones de pluriactivité choisie ou contrainte par la densité de population rurale ou par les risques saisonniers d'inondation. Les données des inventaires disponibles dans le delta du fleuve Rouge (1930, 2000) seront présentées afin de discuter les facteurs de localisation des villages agro-alimentaires au regard des autres specialisations. Au plan strategique, nous étudierons localement le cas du cluster de l'agro-alimentaire de Hoai Duc pour mesurer le rôle des stratégies techniques développées par les artisans dans l'allongement de la chaine de production, le poids des politiques nationales et surtout comment ceux-ci s'adaptent au manque de place dans cet espace surpeuplé du delta du fleuve Rouge où le multi-usage de l'espace est de mise. Dans un contexte de dégradation de l'environnement, de changement des rentes de situation (la perte du rôle des rivières et fleuve pour acheminer les matières premières) et du développement des transports, ce cluster s'élargit, se diversifie et cherche à s'adapter à une conjoncture économique marquée par la mise aux normes de production sanitaires et techniques. La mécanisation de certaines étapes (râpage..) provoque un allongement de la chaine de production. Les co-produits jouent un rôle crucial dans la viabilité economique de ces activités, comme le demontre l'importance de l'élevage porcin dans le cluster des pâtes alimentaires à Cac Quê. Nous discuterons en particulier deux questions-clés: la relation en amont avec la production de matieres premieres, et en aval avec les consommateurs. L'origine de la matiere premiere, souvent constitutive de l'identité des clusters agro-alimentaires décrits en Europe, apparaît peu déterminante dans les villages agro-alimentaires de la periphérie de Hanoi, où l'on peut observer des reseaux anciens d'approvisionnement à longue distance. Dans la periode récente on observe meure à Hoai Duc, en lien avec la pression de l'urbanisation, une delocalisation d'activités de premiere transformation, consommatrice d'espace et generatrice de pollutions, vers les zones de production de matieres premières. Le cluster "principal" se concentre alors sur la deuxieme transformation et la mise en marché, ce qui rappelle les logiques de clusters mutualisés ou "multi-localisés" qui sont observées ailleurs dans le monde. En re
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- 2010
22. Tropical starches from South-East Asia (1): Morphological, thermal and pasting properties
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Da, Guillaume, Tran, Thierry, Hong Luong Nga, Sanz Hernandez, Juan Bautista, Dufour, Dominique, Chotineeranat, Sunee, Le Thanh Mai, and Sriroth, Klanarong
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Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Q04 - Composition des produits alimentaires - Abstract
This study attempts at exploring the physicochemical and functional characteristics of several types of tropical starches separated from starch-producing plants from South-East Asia. In Vietnam and Thailand, despite the fact that starch is the major component of tubers, these crops remain underutilized and represent a potential field for post-harvest applications. In this work, selected root and tuber crops were potato, sweet potato, cassava, taro, yam bean and canna. Sago was the tree crop sample; kudzu and mung bean as legumes samples. Common cereals like rice and maize were also selected as references. Granule size was measured by laser diffraction. Thermal properties were obtained by DSC analysis. Viscosity properties were determined by RVA. The results obtained with cereals, legumes and other types of starches, were contrasted, suggesting a separate analysis of starches from root and tubers. The selected root and tuber starches had lipid, protein and ash contents in the range of 0.16-0.52%, 0.08-0.21% and 0.01-0.44% respectively. Significant differences in the granule size distribution between starches were observed with the largest type of granules for canna (55ìm). DSC gelatinization temperatures were lower for cassava than for aroids. Further investigations are needed to better understand the relationships between proximate analysis, granule distribution and thermal properties of starches, thus the quality of the foodstuffs manufactured from root and tuber crops. (Texte intégral)
- Published
- 2009
23. Physicochemical and Functional characteristics of tropical starches from Vietnam and Thailand: Granule size, thermal properties and viscosity
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Da, Guillaume, Tran, Thierry, Hong Luong Nga, Sanz Hernandez, Juan Bautista, Dufour, Dominique, Chotineeranat, Sunee, Le Thanh Mai, and Sriroth, Klanarong
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Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Q04 - Composition des produits alimentaires - Abstract
This study attempts at exploring the physicochemical and functional characteristics of several types of tropical starches separated from starch-producing plants from South-East Asia. In Vietnam and Thailand, despite the fact that starch is the major component of tubers, these crops remain underutilized and represent a potential field for post-harvest applications. In this work, selected root and tuber crops were potato, sweet potato, cassava, taro, yam bean and canna. Sago was the tree crop sample; kudzu and mung bean as legumes samples. Common cereals like rice and maize were also selected as references. Granule size was measured by laser diffraction. Thermal properties were obtained by DSC analysis. Viscosity properties were determined by RVA. The results obtained with cereals, legumes and other types of starches, were contrasted, suggesting a separate analysis of starches from root and tubers. The selected root and tuber starches had lipid, protein and ash contents in the range of 0.16-0.52%, 0.08-0.21% and 0.01-0.44% respectively. Significant differences in the granule size distribution between starches were observed with the largest type of granules for canna (55^m). DSC gelatinization temperatures were lower for cassava than for aroids. Further investigations are needed to better understand the relationships between proximate analysis, granule distribution and thermal properties of starches, thus the quality of the foodstuffs manufactured from root and tuber crops. (Texte intégral)
- Published
- 2009
24. Tropical starches from South-East Asia (2): Evaluation of noodles mechanical properties in relation with gel exture and stability under refrigerated and frozen conditions
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Tran, Thierry, Sanz Hernandez, Juan Bautista, Bellassee, Béatrice, Da, Guillaume, Hong Luong Nga, Dufour, Dominique, Chotineeranat, Sunee, Piyachomkwan, Kuakoon, and Sriroth, Klanarong
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Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires ,food and beverages ,Q04 - Composition des produits alimentaires - Abstract
Several starch-producing plants are grown in South-East Asia, from which starch is extracted at small scale for local use. This study undertakes to identify properties specific to some of these starches in model food systems, in order to demonstrate their potential as food ingredients and thereby encourage the development of economic activities related to their production and use. Selected starches were canna, mungbean, sago, kudzu, taro and yam bean, and were sourced from Vietnam or Thailand. Cassava, rice and maize starches were also included as references. The different starches showed distinct behaviors in terms of gel texture, noodle texture, expansion ability and syneresis under refrigerated and frozen conditions. Mungbean and canna gave hard gels with high compressive strengths (13000-30000kg/m2), whereas taro, yam bean, kudzu, rice and maize gave much softer gels with compressive strengths below 6000 kg/m2. Compressive strains at peak force evidenced further differences between starches, with sago and taro able to undergo large (0.47-0.50), mungbean, canna and yam bean intermediate (0.35-0.44), and kudzu only small (0.20) deformations. Hence different types of starches can create a range of gel textures, from soft to hard and from fairly brittle to more cohesive. In particular, canna and mungbean formed unusually hard gels, compared to commonly used starches such as rice and maize. Noodles prepared from canna and mungbean were fairly rigid with high tensile strengths (4000-10000kg/m2) and low strains at break (0.2-0.4), while noodles from kudzu, sago and cassava were soft and extensible with low tensile strengths (1340, 1590, 430 kg/m2, respectively) and either intermediate (kudzu, sago) or high (cassava) strains at break (0.63, 0.94, 1.21, respectively). Noodles made of cassava blended with other starches showed mechanical properties intermediate between those of the pure starches, which raised the question of starch compatibility and blend morphology in systems using different starches together. Syneresis studies indicated that sago starch gels had the best stability under refrigerated conditions (syneresis below 2%), while mungbean and canna starch gels were more efficient for retaining water after five freeze-thaw cycles (7-9% and 22-25% syneresis respectively). (Texte intégral)
- Published
- 2009
25. Functional properties of marginal starches from South-East Asia
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Tran, Thierry, Sanz Hernandez, Juan Bautista, Bellassee, Béatrice, Da, Guillaume, Hong Luong Nga, Dufour, Dominique, Chotineeranat, Sunee, Piyachomkwan, Kuakoon, Le Thanh Mai, and Sriroth, Klanarong
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Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires ,Q04 - Composition des produits alimentaires - Published
- 2009
26. Functional properties of under-utilized starches from South-East Asia and applications in model food systems
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Tran, Thierry, Sanz Hernandez, Juan Bautista, Bellassee, Béatrice, Da, Guillaume, Hong Luong Nga, Dufour, Dominique, Chotineeranat, Sunee, Piyachomkwan, Kuakoon, and Sriroth, Klanarong
- Subjects
Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires ,food and beverages - Abstract
Several starch-producing plants are grown in South-East Asia, from which starch is extracted at small scale for local use. This study undertakes to identify properties specific to some of these starches in model food systems, in order to demonstrate their potential as food ingredients and thereby encourage the development of economic activities related to their production and use. Selected starches were canna, mungbean, sago, kudzu, taro and yam bean, and were sourced from Vietnam or Thailand. Cassava, rice and maize starches were also included as references. The different starches showed distinct behaviors in terms of gel texture, noodle texture, expansion ability and syneresis under refrigerated and frozen conditions. Mungbean and canna gave hard gels with high compressive strengths (13000-30000kg/m2), whereas taro, yam bean, kudzu, rice and maize gave much softer gels with compressive strengths below 6000 kg/m2. Compressive strains at peak force evidenced further differences between starches, with sago and taro able to undergo large (0.47-0.50), mungbean, canna and yam bean intermediate (0.35-0.44), and kudzu only small (0.20) deformations. Hence different types of starches can create a range of gel textures, from soft to hard and from fairly brittle to more cohesive. In particular, canna and mungbean formed unusually hard gels, compared to commonly used starches such as rice and maize. Noodles prepared from canna and mungbean were fairly rigid with high tensile strengths (4000-10000kg/m2) and low strains at break (0.2-0.4), while noodles from kudzu, sago and cassava were soft and extensible with low tensile strengths (1340, 1590, 430 kg/m2, respectively) and either intermediate (kudzu, sago) or high (cassava) strains at break (0.63, 0.94, 1.21, respectively). Noodles made of cassava blended with other starches showed mechanical properties intermediate between those of the pure starches, which raised the question of starch compatibility and blend morphology in systems using different starches together. Syneresis studies indicated that sago starch gels had the best stability under refrigerated conditions (syneresis below 2%), while mungbean and canna starch gels were more efficient for retaining water after five freeze-thaw cycles (7-9% and 22-25% syneresis respectively). (Texte intégral)
- Published
- 2009
27. A comparison between cassava starch production at small-scale in Vietnam and in Colombia
- Author
-
Da, Guillaume, Dufour, Dominique, Giraldo, Andrés, Moreno, Martin A., Sanchez, Teresa, Le Thanh, M., Maréchal, Pierre-André, Marouzé, Claude, and Ferré, Elisée
- Subjects
Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires ,Manihot esculenta ,F01 - Culture des plantes ,Manioc - Abstract
In Colombia and in Vietnam, small-scale cassava starch processing is conducted at similar scales but with contrasted extraction technologies. Based on the methodology of diagnosis previously applied in Vietnam, two set of trials with two different cassava cultivars (var. mper183 and var. algodona) were carried out in a typical processing plant from Northern Cauca in Colombia. Moisture, starch, crude fibres and ash content analysis were carried out on samples collected from the manufacturing process to establish the mass balance of starch. Production capacity, water consumption, electrical requirements and capital-labor costs per tonne of starch (12% moisture) were also reported. The manufacturing process enabled 65% recovery of the starch present in fresh roots, with no significant change observed in the composition of starch for the two varieties. The bottleneck of the manufacturing process occurred at extraction stage were low capacity were observed (0.3 t of peeled roots per hour). Water consumption per ton of starch was 67 m3, in which washing, rasping, and extraction stages accounted for 9, 3, and 42 m3, respectively. Electrical power per tone of starch was 59 kWh, in which, washing, rasping, and extraction stages accounted for 8, 14 and 38 kWh. The comparison proposed in this study allowed to recommend technological options for small-scale cassava processing industries.
- Published
- 2008
28. Les procédés de transformation post-récolte du manioc à petite échelle dans les villages métiers au Vietnam. Analyses et potentialités d'innovation
- Author
-
Da, Guillaume
- Subjects
Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires ,Manioc - Abstract
Ce travail porte sur l'analyse et les potentialités d'amélioration des procédés de transformation du manioc pour la production d'amidon à petite échelle dans les pays du Sud. Malgré une grande diversité des technologies employées dans des contextes socio-économiques diversifiés, peu d'études ont analysé les performances de ces procédés à petite échelle. Cette étude propose une méthode d'analyse des procédés de transformation du manioc et leur optimisation à petite échelle en s'appuyant sur une étude de cas. Dans un premier temps, celle-ci s'attache à réaliser un double diagnostique, d'abord participatif entre acteurs de la filière de transformation, puis quantitatif par l'intermédiaire du calcul des bilans de flux de matières et d'énergie. La comparaison avec d'autres technologies de transformation en Colombie est envisagée. Dans un deuxième temps, les opérations unitaires clefs du procédé ainsi que leurs potentialités d'innovations techniques sont analysées par modélisation de deux types d'extracteurs réels. L'étude de cas réalisée à échelle familiale dans un cluster de villages de métier du Nord du Vietnam, a révélé une typologie des technologies de production d'amidon se distinguant principalement sur la consommation d'eau et d'énergie lors des étapes de râpage et d'extraction. L'évolution de ces technologies a été fortement marquée par une limitation de l'espace disponible au sein des unités de production au Vietnam. D'autre part, pour répondre aux exigences locales de réduction des effluents, le modèle dynamique obtenu pour les deux types d'extracteurs a montré que le recyclage simulé entraînait une économie d'eau optimale de 35% à 43% par rapport au procédé actuel. Le dimensionnement réaliste de l'outil conduit à un procédé optimisé sans modification majeure de l'équipement. En perspective, la méthode d'analyse des procédés est alors formalisée en vue d'être améliorée et utilisée pour d'autres types de procédés et de produits.
- Published
- 2008
29. A comparison between cassava processing at small-scale in Vietnam and in Colombia
- Author
-
Da, Guillaume, Dufour, Dominique, Giraldo, Andrés, Moreno, Martin A., Sanchez, Teresa, and Marouzé, Claude
- Subjects
Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires ,Manioc - Published
- 2008
30. Production et utilisation des amidons de manioc dans les villages métiers du delta du fleuve rouge
- Author
-
Da, Guillaume, Le Thanh Mai, Dufour, Dominique, Nguyen Khac Quynh, and Maréchal, Pierre-André
- Subjects
Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires ,Q04 - Composition des produits alimentaires - Abstract
Au Vietnam, différentes échelles de valorisation de l'amidon de manioc coexistent, à savoir : l'extraction d'amidon des racines et ses utilisations ultérieures dans les filières alimentaires et pharmaceutiques. Une étude diagnostique réalisée dans les villages métiers du delta du fleuve rouge, a montré qu'il existait à cette échelle, de nombreuses utilisations de l'amidon de manioc et de ses produits dérivés. Toutefois, une évaluation de la qualité des amidons pourra être réalisée pour mieux comprendre les modes d'utilisation de ces produits tout au long de l'année.
- Published
- 2007
31. Appui au déroulement de la thèse de Guillaume Da : rapport de mission C. Marouzé au Vietnam du 10 au 20 décembre 2006
- Author
-
Marouzé, Claude and Da, Guillaume
- Subjects
N20 - Machines et matériels agricoles ,Rapace ,Manioc ,Essai de matériel ,Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires ,Matériel ,Bilan énergétique ,Consommation d'énergie ,Amidon ,Technologie alimentaire - Abstract
L'objet de la mission est d'apporter un appui scientifique et technique au travail de thèse de Guillaume Da sur la caractérisation des unités de transformation du manioc en amidon dans les villages métiers à la périphérie de Hanoi au Vietnam. La thèse est intitulée: "Innovations cies procédés de transformations post-récolte du manioc au Vietnam". Suite à l'important travail réalisé en 2005 par Guillaume Da pour établir les bilans matière de trois procédés de transformation à petite et moyenne capacité, la mission a permis de compléter ce travail en prenant en compte la dimension énergie dans l'évaluation des équipements de transformation du manioc par la mesure des puissances électriques consommées pour tous les équipements.
- Published
- 2007
32. Outil de caractérisation d'une ligne de transformation alimentaire : cas de la production d'amidon de manioc
- Author
-
Marouzé, Claude and Da, Guillaume
- Subjects
Expérimentation ,N20 - Machines et matériels agricoles ,Manioc ,Essai de matériel ,Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires ,Matériel ,Amidon ,Technologie alimentaire - Abstract
Une démarche d'expérimentation rationnelle et exhaustive a été développée pour apprécier réellement l'efficacité de chaque équipement d'une ligne de production d'amidon de manioc par voie humide. Elle est indispensable pour améliorer, mettre au point chaque élément d'une ligne de transformation. Notre démarche vise à effectuer un nombre minimal de mesures pour avoir les données caractérisant tous les équipements de la chaîne tout en ayant la possibilité de recouper un certain nombre, de ces données pour vérifier les mesures. Elle s'appuie sur une feuille Excel indiquant le diagramme de transformation avec les flux entrant et sortant pour chaque équipement. Chaque flux est caractérisé en débit ou quantité par batch et en qualité (humidité, % amidon, % de fibre dans le cas de la production d'amidon). Les points de mesures à effectuer sont choisis en fonction des possibilités de mesures (facilité d'accès au flux), de leur précision et des relations de bilan permettant le calcul de voleurs non mesurées. Les mesures sont plus nombreuses lors des essais préalables et selon les résultats et leurs précisions, le nombre de mesures est ensuite réduit. L'utilisation de cette méthode au Vietnam, a permis le diagnostic de trois technologies utilisées dans les villages métiers pour la production d'amidon humide.
- Published
- 2007
33. Inventaire des équipements de petite et moyenne capacités de production d'amidon de manioc par la voie humide
- Author
-
Marouzé, Claude, Da, Guillaume, and Dufour, Dominique
- Subjects
Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires ,Matériel ,N20 - Machines et matériels agricoles ,Manioc ,Amidon ,Technologie alimentaire - Abstract
La production à petite échelle d'amidon de manioc à partir des racines nécessite plusieurs opérations unitaires. Si le procédé reste sensiblement toujours le même (lavage, fragmentation, séparation de l'amidon, réduction de la teneur en eau) de nombreuses variantes ont été apportées de part le monde aux équipements à petite, échelle et à leur mode d'utilisation. Un développement d'une production économique et de qualité d'amidon de manioc en Afrique, nécessite une parfaite connaissance de ces différents équipements, de leurs variantes techniques et surtout de leur principe de fonctionnement. La connaissance de leurs avantages et de leur limites permet de les choisir, les utiliser au mieux, voire, de les modifier pour les adapter aux conditions locales d'utilisation. A partir des réalisations développées dans les différents pays du Sud, l'article propose une présentation détaillée de chaque équipement utilisé pour la production d'amidon de manioc par voie humide. Il s'agit de faire le point sur les acquis en matière de recherche et de développement d'équipements de production d'amidon et de proposer un support pour un échange d'expérience entre les participants de l'atelier.
- Published
- 2007
34. Participatory assessment of cassava starch processing at smallscale in Vietnam (Hoai Duc district, Ha Tay Province)
- Author
-
Da, Guillaume, Le Thanh Mai, Dufour, Dominique, Maréchal, Pierre-André, and Nguyen Khac Quynh
- Subjects
Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires - Abstract
The cassava starch value chain has been highly changed over the past ten years in Vietnam. Both small and large firm's developments have been leading to a complex situation where small farming and processing scales are prevailing in the North. Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) and semi-structured interviews in Duong Lieu, Cat Que and Minh Khai (Hoai Duc district, Ha Tay province, Vietnam) have been lead to distinguish between 3 categories of small-sized wet starch processors. Thus, the appraisal has shown the urgent need to reduce the negative impact of cassava processing on the environment. All the stakeholders approve the remaining nuisance caused by liquid waste from cassava processing.
- Published
- 2005
35. Modeling small-scale cassava starch extraction. Simulation of the reduction of water consumption through a recycling process
- Author
-
Da, Guillaume, Ferret, Eric, Marechal, Pierre-André, Thanh, Mai Le, Marouze, Claude, and Dufour, Dominique
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Principaux résultats obtenus dans le cadre du volet SAM - 'Systèmes de culture' entre octobre 2002 et septembre 2004
- Author
-
Da, Guillaume, Chabanne, André, and Affholder, François
- Subjects
Région d'altitude ,Gestion des ressources ,F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,Système de culture ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières ,Coopération - Abstract
Les objectifs de ce rapport sont de présenter le projet "Systèmes de Culture de Montagne" et plus particulièrement la contribution du volet Systèmes de Culture au sein de ce projet pour la période octobre 2002 - Septembre 2004. Le document s'appuie entre autre sur ceux obtenus au cours de la mission de volontariat international MAE-CIRAD, dont le descriptif du poste se résumait ainsi: Volontaire du Ministère des Affaires Etrangères - Détaché au CIRAD, et intégré au projet SAM en tant qu'assistant technique. La mission consistait à: - Mettre en place des expérimentations agronomiques en zone de montagnes (dans une problématique de fixation de l'agriculture, d'intensification et de diversification agricoles) en concertation avec les coordinateurs franco-vietnamiens et les équipes d'ingénieurs associées au projet. Ces essais consistent en l'étude de systèmes de culture innovants alternatifs aux systèmes traditionnels, et reposant sur le semis direct avec couverture végétale (déclinés pour les principales cultures vivrières: riz, maïs, manioc), et intégrant les composantes agriculture et élevage; Ils sont réalisés principalement dans deux provinces montagneuses du nord Vietnam: Bac Kan (200 kms au nord d'Hanoi) et Yen Bai (200 kms au nord-ouest d'Hanoi). - Animer les équipes locales d'ingénieurs (3 à Bac Kan, 4 à Yen Bai) pour assurer une bonne marche des essais tout au long de la campagne agricole (de mars à novembre environ): maintenance des sites, suivi des mesures et des opérations agricoles (semis,..., récolte). - Organiser la logistique des terrains: stocks d'intrants, achats et conservation de semences, maintenance informatique, etc. Assurer l'accueil des visiteurs sur les matrices de démonstration des systèmes de culture innovants. - Partager l'information de terrain entre les membres du projet. - Analyser et valoriser les activités de terrain et les résultats de recherche associées, après collecte des données et rédaction de rapport de campagne et/ou d'activité, de publication. Communiquer les principaux résultats aux différents acteurs locaux (agriculteurs, services agricoles, comités populaires) et autres (bailleurs de fond, partenaires, autres projets). Elaborer les protocoles de recherche. - Réaliser des expertises auprès d'autres projets.
- Published
- 2004
37. An experimental approach to measure particle deposition in large circular ventilation ducts
- Author
-
Da, Guillaume, primary, Géhin, Evelyne, additional, Ben-Othmane, Mourad, additional, Havet, Michel, additional, Solliec, Camille, additional, and Motzkus, Charles, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Principaux résultats et enseignements des travaux de recherche sur les Systèmes de culture avec Couverture Végétale (SCV) dans les montagnes du Nord du Vietnam. Propositions d'évolution des activités. Projet d'Appui à l'Organisation de la Production Agricole (PAOPA). Systèmes agraires de montagnes : rapport de synthèse (octobre 1999 - septembre 2002)
- Author
-
Chabanne, André, Ha Dinh Tuan, Le Quoc Doanh, Martin, Cédric, and Da, Guillaume
- Subjects
F07 - Façons culturales ,Pratique culturale ,Région d'altitude ,F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,Couverture végétale ,Structure agricole - Published
- 2003
39. Comparative study on physicochemical properties of ensete and water caltrop with other root, tuber, and legume starches
- Author
-
Lertphanich, Sirithorn, primary, Wansuksri, Rungtiva, additional, Tran, Thierry, additional, Da, Guillaume, additional, Nga, Luong Hong, additional, Dufour, Dominique, additional, Piyachomkwan, Kuakoon, additional, and Sriroth, Klanarong, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. An assessment of environmental impacts of cassava starch extraction technologies
- Author
-
Tran, Thierry, Da, Guillaume, Piyachomkwan, Kuakoon, Moreno, Martin A., Velez, G., Giraldo Toro, Andres, Sriroth, Klanarong, Dufour, Dominique, Tran, Thierry, Da, Guillaume, Piyachomkwan, Kuakoon, Moreno, Martin A., Velez, G., Giraldo Toro, Andres, Sriroth, Klanarong, and Dufour, Dominique
- Abstract
The environmental impacts of the transformation of cassava roots into starch were assessed for three contrasting technologies at small and large scale (1-2 and 100-200t starch per day), using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The objective was to assess impacts for each unit operation, so as to identify impacts hotspots as well as sustainable practices, with a view to uncover opportunities for improving the environmental performance of cassava starch production. The system boundaries were defined as the unit operations used to transform fresh cassava roots delivered at factory gate into loose, dry cassava starch. Inventory data indicated wide variations in energy and water consumption. The large scale technology required 702kWh/t starch, mainly (75%) from fuel oil used for the drying operation, but was most efficient in terms of water use (10m3/t starch) due to water recycling between unit operations. The two small scale technologies were similar in terms of electricity use (59kWh/t starch), and relied on solar energy for drying. In contrast, their water consumption varied from 20 to 60m3/t starch due to differences in the design of the rasping and starch recovery (extraction) operations. The LCA characterizations, using the ReCiPe method, indicated that the main impact contributions were at the drying operation for the large scale technology, and at the extraction operation for the small scale technologies, mainly because of energy use, as well as water use in the case of the most water-intensive technology. Hence strategies to reduce the impacts of cassava starch production could focus on: Increasing the energy efficiency of the drying operation or replacing fossil energy with a renewable source (biogas), which can be produced from the factory wastewater; Improving the design of some unit operations with regards to water and energy efficiency; and Promoting the transfer and adoption of water recycling practices. (Texte intégral)
- Published
- 2011
41. Cottage Level Cassava Starch Processing Systems in Colombia and Vietnam
- Author
-
Da, Guillaume, primary, Dufour, Dominique, additional, Giraldo, Andres, additional, Moreno, Martin, additional, Tran, Thierry, additional, Velez, Gustavo, additional, Sanchez, Teresa, additional, Le-Thanh, Mai, additional, Marouze, Claude, additional, and Marechal, Pierre-André, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Cassava Starch Processing at Small Scale in North Vietnam
- Author
-
Da, Guillaume, primary, Dufour, Dominique, additional, Marouzé, Claude, additional, Thanh, Mai Le, additional, and Maréchal, Pierre‐André, additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. An experimental approach to measure particle deposition in large circular ventilation ducts.
- Author
-
Da, Guillaume, Géhin, Evelyne, Ben-Othmane, Mourad, Havet, Michel, Solliec, Camille, and Motzkus, Charles
- Subjects
AIR pollutants ,VENTILATION ,AEROSOLS ,FLUORIMETRY ,DIFFUSION - Abstract
The topic of this study is related to airborne particle dynamics in indoor environments. Lab-scale experiments have been performed to investigate particle deposition velocity to six different surfaces orientations (with respect to gravity) for fully developed turbulent flow in horizontal large circular ventilation ducts. Monodispersed aerosol particles (1-6 μm) were used in the deposition experiments. A very low particle mass (40 ng) was measured reliably above background level on duct surfaces by a means of a nondestructive stencil technique associated with fluorescence analysis. For 2-6 μm particles (diffusion and impaction regime), deposition rates to floors were much greater than rates to the ceiling and greater than rates to the wall. For 1-μm particles, the effect of surface orientation to particle deposition was not significant. Results were compared to the very few similar and published studies. This work was conducted in the frame of the CleanAirNet project which aimed at producing new knowledge, models, and techniques to help controlling the safety food stuffs, through a better control of aerosol particle (bioaerosols) transport and deposition in the ventilation networks of the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Campagnes vietnamiennes
- Author
-
Mandret, Gilles, Cao Van, Philippe, Cacot, Philippe, Chabanne, André, Da, Guillaume, Figuié, Muriel, Maillard, Jean-Charles, Moustier, Paule, and Salgado, Paulo
- Subjects
Agriculture périurbaine ,Relation ville campagne ,Animal utile ,Rizière ,Élevage ,fruits ,Marché des produits de base ,Photographie ,E14 - Économie et politique du développement ,Pisciculture ,A01 - Agriculture - Considérations générales ,Agriculture ,Pratique culturale ,Zone rurale - Abstract
Campagnes vietnamiennes est l'expression d'un certain regard des chercheurs du Cirad sur la vie des campagnes vietnamiennes et leurs relations avec les villes. Le Cirad, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, est l'institution de recherche agronomique française la plus impliquée dans le développement agricole du Vietnam. Les activités du Cirad au Vietnam vont de la protection de l'environnement et la réduction de la pauvreté, au développement de filières agricoles de qualité, jusqu'à l'organisation des marchés et l'analyse de la consommation des ménages. Ce livre de photos inédites se situe au coeur de la réalité d'un monde rural en pleine évolution et permet au lecteur de prendre connaissance à travers photos et commentaires des enjeux nouveaux d'un Vietnam évoluant entre tradition et modernité. Exposées à "L'Espace" à Hanoi puis au Cirad à Montpellier en 2004, ces photos ont eu un grand succès. Elles traduisent l'attachement des chercheurs du Cirad au Vietnam, pays agricole avec 76% de sa population vivant dans les campagnes et ayant une demande intérieure qui absorbe 90% de la production agricole. Que ce soit en termes de produits, de régions ou de structures de production, l'agriculture au Vietnam façonne le paysage des campagnes et conduit à une organisation particulière de la société qui en fait sa richesse et ses contrastes.
- Published
- 2004
45. Factors influencing diarrheal prevalence among children under five years in Mathare Informal Settlement, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Author
-
Guillaume DA, Justus OOS, and Ephantus KW
- Abstract
Globally, diarrhoea is the second major cause of death among children under five years. The aim of the study was to establish factors influencing diarrhoeal prevalence among children under five years in Mathare Informal Settlement. Cross-sectional survey was used. Data was collected from 1
st July to 1st August 2019 among primary caregivers (PCGs) of children under five years in Mathare Informal Settlement, in Nairobi, Kenya. This urban informal settlement in Kenya was purposively sampled. Simple random sampling was used to select the households and the respondents. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. A total of 324 primary caregivers selected from 324 households were included in the study. Fifty six point seventeen percent of the respondents were aged 25-31 years old. Prevalence of diarrhoea among children was 18.7%. Sex, relationship of the primary caregivers, number of people and children in the households were found to be statistically significant with diarrhoea prevalence with p=0.008, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001 respectively. One hundred and seventy one (52.78%) primary caregivers had no formal education. primary caregivers disposed of the child's faeces in garbage in 38.89% of the cases. Education level of the primary caregivers, renting, presence of flies, faeces, and open garbage near or within the compound were found to be associated with diarrhoea prevalence with p<0.001, p=0.024, p<0.001, p<0.001 respectively. Several factors were found to be associated with diarrhoeal prevalence among children under five years., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (©Copyright: the Author(s).)- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Does knowledge influence pap test screening among young African-American women?
- Author
-
Bynum SA, Guillaume DA, Brandt HM, and Fletcher FE
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Risk Factors, Southeastern United States, Surveys and Questionnaires, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms diagnosis, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms psychology, Young Adult, Black or African American psychology, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Mass Screening psychology, Papanicolaou Test, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms prevention & control, Vaginal Smears psychology
- Abstract
Pap test screening among African-American women has substantially increased. However, African-American women continue to bear the burden of cervical cancer as compared to White women. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of Pap test knowledge on cervical screening history among young African-American women. Between January and April 2009, 320 women from historically black colleges and universities located in the southeastern United States who met study inclusion criteria completed an anonymous self-report questionnaire to assess their awareness, knowledge, and behaviors related to human papillomavirus and cervical cancer prevention and control. Seventy-six percent of women reported ever having a Pap test, 54 % reported having a Pap test less than 1 year ago, and 25 % reported ever having an abnormal Pap test result. The overall mean score on the six-point Pap test knowledge scale was 4.46 ± 1.02. Women who reported having an abnormal Pap test (4.96 ± 0.82) had significantly higher Pap test knowledge compared to those never having an abnormal result (4.49 ± 1.04), p < 0.01. No other differences were found. Efforts to improve Pap test knowledge among all women, including those with no prior abnormal Pap test history, are critical to cervical cancer prevention and control over the life course. Such efforts should include creating information that is relevant to the population and enables informed decision making about cervical health.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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