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10. Symptom Dimensions of the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales in Psychosis: A Multisite Study

Author

Woodward, Todd S., Jung, Kwanghee, Hwang, Heungsun, Yin, John, Taylor, Laura, Menon, Mahesh, Peters, Emmanuelle, Kuipers, Elizabeth, Waters, Flavie, Lecomte, Tania, Sommer, Iris E., Daalman, Kirstin, van Lutterveld, Remko, Hubl, Daniela, Kindler, Jochen, Homan, Philipp, Badcock, Johanna C., Chhabra, Saruchi, Cella, Matteo, Keedy, Sarah, Allen, Paul, Mechelli, Andrea, Preti, Antonio, Siddi, Sara, and Erickson, David

Published
2014
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18. Deactivation of the parahippocampal gyrus preceding auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia

Author

Diederen, Kelly M.J., Neggers, Sebastiaan F.W., Daalman, Kirstin, Blom, Jan Dirk, Goekoop, Rutger, Kahn, Rene S., and Sommer, Iris E.C.

Subjects
Auditory hallucinations -- Risk factors, Auditory hallucinations -- Research, Parahippocampal region -- Health aspects, Schizophrenia -- Complications and side effects, Schizophrenia -- Research, Health, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Objective: Activation in a network of language-related regions has been reported during auditory verbal hallucinations. It remains unclear, however, how this activation is triggered. Identifying brain regions that show significant signal changes preceding auditory hallucinations might reveal the origin of these hallucinations. Method: Twenty-four patients with a psychotic disorder indicated the presence of auditory verbal hallucinations during 3-Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging by squeezing a handheld balloon. A one-sample t test was performed to reveal groupwise activation during hallucinations. To enable analysis of brain activation 6 to 0 seconds preceding hallucinations, a tailored 'selective averaging' method, without any a priori assumptions concerning the hemodynamic response profile, was performed. To control for motor-related activation, 15 healthy comparison subjects squeezed a balloon at matched time intervals. Results: Groupwise analysis during auditory verbal hallucinations revealed brain activation in bilateral (right more than left) language-related regions and bilateral motor regions. Prominent deactivation preceding these hallucinations was observed in the left parahippocampal gyrus. In addition, significant deactivation preceding hallucinations was found in the left superior temporal, right inferior frontal, and left middle frontal gyri as well as in the right insula and left cerebellum. No significant signal changes were revealed prior to the matched balloon squeezing among the comparison subjects. Conclusions: Auditory verbal hallucinations in patients with a psychotic disorder are consistently preceded by deactivation of the parahippocampal gyrus. The parahippocampus has been hypothesized to play a central role in memory recollection, sending information from the hippocampus to the association areas. Dysfunction of this region could trigger inadequate activation of right language areas during auditory hallucinations. (Am J Psychiatry 201o; 167:427-435) doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09040456

Published
2010

21. Symptom dimensions of the psychotic symptom rating scales in psychosis: a multisite study

Author

Woodward, Todd S, Jung, Kwanghee, Hwang, Heungsun, Yin, John, Taylor, Laura, Menon, Mahesh, Peters, Emmanuelle, Kuipers, Elizabeth, Waters, Flavie, Lecomte, Tania, Sommer, Iris E, Daalman, Kirstin, van Lutterveld, Remko, Hubl, Daniela, Kindler, Jochen, Homan, Philipp; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-148X, Badcock, Johanna C, Chhabra, Saruchi, Cella, Matteo, Keedy, Sarah, Allen, Paul, Mechelli, Andrea; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6770-2934, Preti, Antonio, Siddi, Sara, Erickson, David, Woodward, Todd S, Jung, Kwanghee, Hwang, Heungsun, Yin, John, Taylor, Laura, Menon, Mahesh, Peters, Emmanuelle, Kuipers, Elizabeth, Waters, Flavie, Lecomte, Tania, Sommer, Iris E, Daalman, Kirstin, van Lutterveld, Remko, Hubl, Daniela, Kindler, Jochen, Homan, Philipp; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-148X, Badcock, Johanna C, Chhabra, Saruchi, Cella, Matteo, Keedy, Sarah, Allen, Paul, Mechelli, Andrea; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6770-2934, Preti, Antonio, Siddi, Sara, and Erickson, David

Abstract

The Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS) is an instrument designed to quantify the severity of delusions and hallucinations and is typically used in research studies and clinical settings focusing on people with psychosis and schizophrenia. It is comprised of the auditory hallucinations (AHS) and delusions subscales (DS), but these subscales do not necessarily reflect the psychological constructs causing intercorrelation between clusters of scale items. Identification of these constructs is important in some clinical and research contexts because item clustering may be caused by underlying etiological processes of interest. Previous attempts to identify these constructs have produced conflicting results. In this study, we compiled PSYRATS data from 12 sites in 7 countries, comprising 711 participants for AHS and 520 for DS. We compared previously proposed and novel models of underlying constructs using structural equation modeling. For the AHS, a novel 4-dimensional model provided the best fit, with latent variables labeled Distress (negative content, distress, and control), Frequency (frequency, duration, and disruption), Attribution (location and origin of voices), and Loudness (loudness item only). For the DS, a 2-dimensional solution was confirmed, with latent variables labeled Distress (amount/intensity) and Frequency (preoccupation, conviction, and disruption). The within-AHS and within-DS dimension intercorrelations were higher than those between subscales, with the exception of the AHS and DS Distress dimensions, which produced a correlation that approached the range of the within-scale correlations. Recommendations are provided for integrating these underlying constructs into research and clinical applications of the PSYRATS.

Published
2014

29. Dopaminergic Function in the Psychosis Spectrum: An [18F]-DOPA Imaging Study in Healthy Individuals With Auditory Hallucinations

Author

Howes, Oliver D., primary, Shotbolt, Paul, additional, Bloomfield, Michael, additional, Daalman, Kirstin, additional, Demjaha, Arsime, additional, Diederen, Kelly M. J., additional, Ibrahim, Kemal, additional, Kim, Euitae, additional, McGuire, Philip, additional, Kahn, René S., additional, and Sommer, Iris E., additional

Published
2012
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31. The Same or Different?

Author

Daalman, Kirstin, primary, Boks, Marco P. M., additional, Diederen, Kelly M. J., additional, de Weijer, Antoin D., additional, Blom, Jan Dirk, additional, Kahn, René S., additional, and Sommer, Iris E. C., additional

Published
2011
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