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PANDEMIN, DOKTORSTUDENTERNAS MOTIVERING OCH HANDLEDNINGSROLL PhD Forsknings- och handledningsprocessen går igenom olika steg av upp- och nedgångar, demotivation och stress. Oväntade situationer, såsom Covid-19-pandemin, och dess betydande inverkan på det dagliga livet och deras arbetssituation och forskningsprocess, sätter ny press på PhD-studenter. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka Covid-19-pandemin påverkade på doktorandmotivation, handledningarnas strategier och vikten av handledare för att stödja studenter att hantera demotivation och stresssituationer. I den här studien har vi genomfört en webbenkät, med öppna frågor och frågor i Likertskala bland doktorander. Dessutom intervjud vi handledare vid Malmö Universitet. Enligt undersökningsresultatet har pandemin påverkat doktorandernas forskningsmetoder, kommunikationsfrekvens och effektivitet med sina handledare, tillgång till kontoret och laboratorium samt motivation att skriva och avsluta sin doktorsavhandling. Stress, nya livs- och familjeprioriteringar, osäkerheten i fältarbete och forskningsmetoder, isolering, skepsis mot vikten av deras forskning och mindre kontakt med handledare och kamrater har nämnts som orsaker till demotivering. Dessutom visade undersökningsresultaten att de flesta respondenter betonade vikten av handledarnas roll i deras motivation. Budskapet från denna studie är att ge tillräckligt med feedback, att sätta realistiska mål, tidshantering, ömsesidig förståelse, omtanke och stöd, flexibilitet och tillgänglighet, regelbundna och informella möten samt positiva attityder är väsentliga faktorer i doktorandhandledning under stressade situationer. Resultaten pekar ut de mest effektiva handedningsstrategierna under tuffa situationer som pandemin, vilket kan vara lärdomar för framtida liknande händelser. Men resultaten tog också upp elevernas olika behov och vikten av medvetenhet och uppmärksamhet på elevernas olikheter under handledning och mentorskap., The Ph.D. research and supervision process passes through different momentums of ups and downs, demotivation, and stress. Unexpected situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and its considerable influence on daily life and their working situation and research process, put new pressures on Ph.D. students. This study aims to investigate the COVID-19 pandemic on doctoral motivation, the supervisions' strategies, and the importance of supervisors in helping students tackle demotivation and stress situations. In this study, we conducted an online survey, including open-ended and Likert scale questions, distributed among the doctoral students and interviews with supervisors at Malmö University. According to the survey result, the pandemic has affected the doctoral students' research methodological process, communication frequency and efficiency with their supervisors, access to the office and laboratory, and motivation to write and finish their doctoral thesis. Stress, new life and family priorities, the uncertainty of fieldwork and research methods, isolation, skepticism about the importance of their research, and less connection with supervisors and peers have been mentioned as their reasons for demotivation. In addition, the survey results showed that most respondents emphasized the importance of the supervisors' role in their motivation. The message from this study is that the clarity of feedback, setting realistic goals, time management, mutual understanding, caring and support, flexibility and availability, regular and informal meetings, and positive attitudes are essential factors in doctoral supervision under stressful situations. The findings pinpoint the most efficient supervision strategies during challenging situations like the pandemic, which can be lessons for future similar events. However, the results also addressed the students' different needs and the importance of awareness and attention to the students' differences under supervision and mentoring.

The Z Free Home is an eco-cycle home that is meant to represent a return to natural design solutions inspired by the passive and low environmental impact principles found in vernacular architecture. Throughout the centuries, vernacular building has exemplified climate resilience, resource efficiency and circular economic principles. The house will thus use these principles as design guidelines. It will be designed to offset all of its carbon emissions and aim to reach a negative carbon footprint. The Z Free Home will be built using bio-based fibres that can be repurposed from agriculture waste, meaning that when it is time to demolish the building, all its main components can be re-used again as building materials, food for animals, or biofuel. Even if an uninhabited Z Free Home is not demolished, most components will eventually rot and return to nature as compost. Building materials from the kitchen and toilet should however be recycled and reused so as to maintain the standard of zero waste. The house will be designed so as to construct in only 7 days with the help of 7 volunteers through a ‘do-it-yourself’ methodology and using only screwdrivers. All of these factors - zero energy, zero waste, zero carbon, zero labour cost (if you build it yourself), zero impact on the environment when the building is demolished – make the Z Free Home a unique challenge to design and build. This paper will discuss the methodological approach and show some preliminary results from the proposed low impact building envelope using natural materials (clay and plant-based materials like straw, reeds, wood, kenaf and jute) together with the passive and eco-cycle systems. As the project is still underway, this paper will describe outcomes to date and ending with a discussion on the next steps.

Climate change adaptation is rising on the agenda of cities. However, critics have argued that urban adaptation efforts largely focus on preserving economic growth while overlooking the root causes of unequal vulnerability to climate impacts, giving rise to climate injustices. In response, literature on transformational adaptation has politicized these issues but it has remained largely conceptual, particularly in relation to the question of which actors can define and advance transformative approaches. Furthermore, existing empirical studies focus on positive cases while ignoring why these issues more commonly are not politicized. In this article, we add empirical rigour to these debates through an investigation into Malmo center dot's climate politics. We analyse what enables or inhibits the role of three political outsiders - disadvantaged communities, climate movements and social justice activists - in politicizing urban climate adaptation. We find that, while the most vulnerable social groups struggle with climatic impacts and experience difficulties in politicizing these issues, climate movements remain focused on climate mitigation and largely ignore local adaptation. In turn, we highlight the untapped capacity of social justice activism to act as social infrastructure for adaptation. Our findings suggest that alliances between the victims of adaptation injustices and local activist groups could support the politicization of those grievances by responding to emerging needs and by building policy-oriented pressure for transformational adaptation. However, we identify several factors that limit this potential, thereby contributing to an understanding of why social movements sometimes do not live up to their transformational potential.

In hot dry regions, the building envelope receives abundant solar radiation, which contributes to heat stress and indoor thermal discomfort. To mitigate overheating inside spaces, cooling is the main basic requirement during most of the year. However, due to the harsh climatic conditions, buildings fail to provide passively the required comfort conditions. Consequently, they are fully dependent on-air conditioning systems, which are huge energy consumers. As roofs are exposed to the sun throughout the daytime, they are estimated to be the main source of heat stress. In return, they can contribute significantly to achieve optimum comfort and energy savings when efficient design strategies are used in an early design stage. To examine the potential for cooling load reduction and thermal comfort enhancement by using cooling roof techniques in residential buildings, a study was performed in the city of Biskra (southern Algeria). Accordingly, an in-field measurement campaign was carried out on test-cells during five days in summer. Three different cooling roof techniques were addressed: (a) cool reflective white paint (CR), (b) white ceramic tiles (CT) and (c) a cool-ventilated roof (C-VR). These roofing alternatives were investigated by monitoring both roof surface temperatures and indoor temperatures. Comparative analysis showed that a cool-ventilated roof is the most efficient solution, reducing the average indoor temperature by 4.95 °C. A dynamic simulation study was also performed based on TRNSYS software to determine the best roofing system alternatives in terms of thermal comfort and energy consumption, considering the hottest month of the year. Simulation tests were run on a base-case model representing the common individual residential buildings in Biskra. Results showed that a double-skin roof combined with cool-reflective paint is the most efficient roofing solution. By comparison to a conventional flat roof, meaningful improvements have been achieved, includi

In hot dry climates, employing passive cooling roofs systems can providecooling needs with less amount of electrical energy. Furthermore, when focusing onliving spaces in terms of indoor thermal comfort and energy performance issues,occupant’s interaction with the building should not be underestimated. Recent studieswith occupant-based focus have shown that human behaviour significantly impactsenergy consumption, even more than building design. Likewise, understandingoccupant’s interactions within buildings plays a key role in enhancing the indoorenvironment performance. To examine the potential for cooling load reduction andthermal comfort enhancement by using cool roofs in residential buildings, a study wasperformed. Considering a sample of twelve multi-story houses located in the city ofBiskra (southern Algeria), thermal comfort conditions were analysed on the basis of apost-occupancy evaluation (POE) survey and in situ recorded measurementscampaign. The POE household survey indicated that out of 43 respondents, 54%perceive indoor thermal conditions as “hot” during summer period, while 79.33% ofthem operate HVAC device day and night. Using interviews, the study also exploressocial acceptability toward implementing passive roofing techniques. Results showedthat cool roof and cool tiles were the best accepted systems with 100% and 90% votedstrongly agree. Furthermore, the potential of thermal comfort and energy-efficiencyimprovements due to cool roofs was investigated through a dynamic simulation usingTRNSYS software. Results indicated that air temperature was reduced by an averageof 4.11°C to 3.28°C, and cooling loads have decreased to 508.60kWh/m² and384.54kWh/m² respectively during the hottest period of summer. Therefore, user-centric satisfaction as a research method would enhance future buildings design.

The need for affordable housing requires more compact living. With the increasing frequency and impact of climate change incidents, a new way of thinking is needed to live in a more resilient and climate responsive way. The idea of a Z free home began by considering these two needs. As a tiny mobile house equipped with passive and eco-cycle systems, it achieves 9 zero targets. This paper evaluates the design concept, building modelling, and building simulation for the Z free home design. The project is ongoing and aims to model a full physical prototype as a proof of concept for the 9 zero targets in an urban living lab context in Lund Sweden., Z free home

Internal and external migration from vernacular settlements is not a new phenomenon. However, the scale and scope increased when forced migration is becoming exacerbated due to both armed conflicts and climate change. Political tensions are one of the most common threats to vernacular dwellings in conflict areas. Not only do destruction and vandalism cause harm to vernacular architecture, but people living in vernacular buildings are often forced to leave their homes in order to seek safety. On the other hand, vernacular architecture can help refugee crises in hosting countries. Billions of dollars are invested in establishing temporary refugee camps, yet we know for a fact they are rarely temporary. People stay in such camps for decades, commonly Cons located on the outskirts of cities, where vernacular settlements also tend to be. Investments in rebuilding, restoring and reusing vernacular settlements can be a win-win situation. The time and cost of the rehabilitation process might also not be suitable to many camps, or camp-like, contexts. Also, encounters some regulations for listed vernacular heritage sites that cannot be used as dwellings and must be kept as open museums. In this study, a proposal for reusing and rehabilitating vernacular settlements will be discussed together with reflections on challenges and obstacles. The case study chosen for this research is in the Middle East, where the majority of refugees settled after the Arab Spring. This paper demonstrates a methodology in which algorithmic modelling is applied to refugee settlement site planning.