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Translation, an ancient activity, has only been acknowledged as an independent discipline since the 1970s. Translation Studies was introduced as a program in Turkish higher education in the 1980s, with English translation and interpreting programs being the first to emerge. It was not until 2011 that the first program for training Arabic translators and interpreters was established at Kirikkale University. Subsequently, the same program was introduced in nine other universities. In this study, we explore the profiles of prospective Arabic translators and interpreters in ten Turkish universities offering undergraduate-level programs for Arabic translation and interpreting, focusing on various aspects such as gender, geographical location, educational background, high school type, academic ranking, foreign language test scores, program preferences, and post-graduation plans. Our findings indicate that female students show a greater inclination towards the program, with one-third of the students choosing the program in their city. Arabic translator-interpreter candidates mostly originate from the Central Anatolian Region, with one-third being recent graduates and another third being experienced ones. More than half of the students who enrolled in the program graduated from Imam-Hatip High School, and top-performing students are less inclined to select this program. On average, a language test score of forty-six is required for admission to the program. Finally, we found that students who completed the program often preferred programs related to Arabic language teaching and literature.

Today, technology has become a concept that expresses a serious need in terms of individual and society, especially in the last period of the global epidemic. Technological developments, which are closely followed all over the world, contribute to the improvement of communication between people at the same rate, and as a result of this information transfer process, individuals find the opportunity to express their feelings and thoughts on various media platforms. The use of this platform, which is called social media, has the feature of responding to the social needs of crowded masses consisting of all existing cultures and segments. Because of these reasons and needs, social media has a very important place in human life with its feature that brings together large masses. Foreign language learning activities have also developed through social media, and many foreign language lessons have become common on YouTube. Among these languages is Arabic, which is spoken by approximately 450 million people in the world. Arabic is one of the most widely taught foreign languages in our country. In this context, it is clear that social media, like other technologies, creates a suitable basis for the use of education in the Arabic teaching process. In this study, the opinions of university students about the use of YouTube, one of the social media tools, in teaching Arabic are included. 200 students studying in Arabic preparatory classes within higher education institutions participated in the research; His views on the Arabic lessons given on YouTube were examined. At the end of the study, Arabic preparatory class students; It has been revealed that they think that the use of YouTube in the Arabic teaching process is beneficial. As a result of the answers given to the open-ended question asked whether YouTube lessons are advantageous in teaching Arabic; It has been determined that YouTube Arabic lessons contribute to the students in the preparation process and course repetitions at school. Another result of the study is; It has emerged that the number of Arabic lessons given on YouTube is less than other languages, which is perceived as a serious deficiency by the students.

Although the history of translation is almost as old as the history of humankind, it was not until the second half of the twentieth century that translation studies were recognized as an independent discipline. Perhaps due to this fact, translation and interpreting programs at the higher education level started to be introduced in Turkey in the 1980s. These programs were English translation and interpreting programs. The first program to train Arabic translators and interpreters was opened at Kirikkale University in 2011 and remained the only program in its field until 2017. Between 2017 and 2023, nine more Arabic translation and interpreting programs, six at public universities and three at private universities, started actively admitting students. In this study, Arabic translation and interpreting programs in Turkey are examined from various angles. At the end of the study, it was concluded that the demand for the departments at state universities was higher, the students with the highest scores preferred Istanbul University. Interpreter and translator students scored an average of forty-two points in the eighty-question foreign language exam and there were an average of 3.8 faculty members in these programs. Eight faculty members work in these programs and the students who are admitted to them are mostly placed in universities in their home cities. The total capacity of the programs is sufficient and, although there is no unity in the curriculum of the programs, similar courses are offered in different classes. The programs focus on language skills for the first two years and, subsequently, focus on translation-oriented courses. At the end of the study, we make some suggestions for translation and interpreting programs by making associations with the findings of the related literature.

Introduction A major obstacle in understanding the relationship between diet and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) lies in the subjectivity and the bias in traditional dietary intake assessment methods. Food diaries, 24-hour food recall interviews, and food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) result in under- and over-reporting of nutrient and energy intake, compromising the accuracy of studies linking diet to NCDs. The emergence of image classification technology has facilitated a new approach to dietary intake assessment which addresses the subjective limitations associated with traditional self-reporting methods. Furthermore, a need to integrate multi-omics and advanced health analyses to comprehensively characterise NCD risk presents an opportunity to combine a range of technologies to better understand diet-induced NCD. Method This observational study will adopt an enhanced surveillance method, whereby we will utilise wearable cameras and activity monitors to record dietary intake, physical activity, and sleep. Participants will wear these for 3 separate one-week periods at home (with a 2 and 3-week break in between each period). At the end of each monitoring period, participants will attend a study visit at the clinical research facility, where they will undergo body composition assessments, as well as cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and autonomic nervous system health analysis using state-of-the-art technologies that measure Advanced Glycation End products (AGE) and accelerated photoplethysmography (APG). At the end of the first and last monitoring period, participants will also provide blood, urine, stool, and breath samples, and an in-depth interview will also be conducted during the final visit to assess participants’ perceptions towards the novel technologies. The study parameters will be integrated to advance our insights into how diet intricately influences the mechanisms underlying NCDs. CTRI registration number https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN11564218

Efficient thermal management is crucial for optimizing the performance and longevity of automotive engines, particularly as environmental regulations become more stringent and consumer demand for fuel efficiency increases. This paper investigates the energy and exergy performance of a wavy fin-and-tube radiator employing novel ternary nanofluids (TNFs) for enhanced automotive cooling. A theoretical comparative analysis was performed on four distinct ethylene glycol-water solution-based TNF configurations. TNF 1 (ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2) is made up of all spherical-shaped nanoparticles; TNF 2 (Al2O3-TiO2-MWCNT) is made up of both spherical and cylindrical nanoparticles; TNF 3 (Fe-TiO2-Graphene) comprises spherical and platelet nanoparticles; and TNF 4 (Al2O3-MWCNT-Graphene) has dissimilar-shaped nanoparticles. The radiator's performance is assessed under simulated idle, city, and highway driving conditions to evaluate its operation in various automotive cooling demands. The results showed that, for most of the radiator operating scenarios and base fluid mixture configurations tested, TNF 1 offers the best performance. Additionally, the change in volume fraction for the EG/W (20:80) base fluid only slightly affects the heat transfer rate and exergy efficiency for TNF 1. However, increasing the volume fraction for the EG/W (50:50) base fluid TNFs has a more significant negative effect. In all radiator operation scenarios, the outlet temperature of the TNFs will decrease relative to the intake temperature. Ultimately, the research found that the TNFs would provide improved performance across all conditions, particularly in city and highway driving scenarios when there is a greater need for cooling.

Although the history of training foreign language teachers in Turkey dates back to the Tanzimat period until the 19th century, in the first years, the French teacher was trained in the last years. Arabic, on the other hand, has been perceived as a religious language rather than a foreign language for a long time, and this perception has not changed completely even today. Perhaps because of this perception, the first program to train Arabic teachers within the higher education system was established in 1984. Sixteen years after the establishment of the first Department of Arabic Language Education established at Gazi University, departments to train Arabic teachers in both private/foundation and public universities began to open. In this study, the profiles of a total of eight hundred and forty-three teacher candidates who settled in the Arabic teaching program at eight universities between 2019, 2020 and 2021 were examined from various angles. At the end of the study, Arabic teaching was preferred by female students, teacher candidates came from different cities in state universities, they came from the same city in private/foundation universities, Arabic teacher candidates preferred the Marmara Region the most, about seven out of ten teacher candidates graduated from Imam-Hatip High School, almost none of the teacher high school graduates preferred Arabic teaching, and the teacher candidates did not prefer Arabic teaching. In the eighty-question foreign language test, it was concluded that they made an average of forty-five nets, and that Arabic teacher candidates preferred English-related departments the most after Arabic. As a result of the study, some recommendations were made to teacher training programs for innovations in the student selection system by associating them with the relevant literature findings.

This study aims to explore the autonomy level and use of language learning strategies in a preparatory school of a state university before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. One hundred fifty-five preparatory school students from a state university participated in the research. For the data collection, Oxford's Language Learning Strategy (LLS) and a learner autonomy questionnaire developed by Zhang and Li were used. Means, standard deviation, t-test, and Pearson's r-correlation were used to analyze the data. The results showed that while participants' level of learner autonomy before the pandemic was high, during the pandemic it was moderate. Additionally, the results from the LLS questionnaires showed that students used a moderate proportion of language learning strategies before and after the pandemic. Finally, the correlation analysis used to determine the relationship between the level of learner autonomy and LLS use before and during the COVID-19 pandemic indicated that there is a positive and linear relationship between the level of learner autonomy and LLS use.

The Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) is at a pivotal juncture in its energy development, facing significant challenges such as increasing emissions and an unreliable energy supply that hampers economic progress. This study assesses the potential for integrating diverse renewable energy (RE) sources into the CEMAC grid, specifically focusing on river hydro, dam hydropower, onshore wind, and solar photovoltaics. Using the EnergyPlan tool, we conduct a dynamic one-year simulation to model energy dispatch on monthly and hourly scales. The modelling result indicates that achieving a 100 % electricity access in the CEMAC region by 2030 will require an annual electricity demand of 8.59 TWh. If this demand is fully met by natural gas (1143 MW), it will result in about 3.75 Mt of carbon emissions. The result shows that by implementing a mix of these renewable technologies in the proposed integrated grid system, the CEMAC region could reduce its carbon emissions by up to 48.7 % relative to using a single RE source in the grid, with annual renewable electricity production of 4.19 TWh/year. Also, by maximising the RE potential from each CEMAC region, there is 49 % RE integration in the proposed integrated grid, with the highest RE share from hydro. This study quantitatively shows that the proposed synchronized regional grid incorporating these renewable sources could enhance electricity reliability and further reduce emissions in the CEMAC region. This research also highlights the transformative potential of RE in achieving sustainable and cost-effective energy solutions for CEMAC, setting a roadmap towards a resilient energy future by 2050.

This study was carried out with a total of 75 students attending 9th grade in two high schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in Reyhanli district, which hosted many Syrian refugees in Hatay province in the spring semester of 2018-2019 academic years and lasted for three weeks. A total of 75 students, 43 from two different 9th grade classes taught by the same teacher from the first high school, and 32 from the other high school, participated in the study. Two of these classes were assigned as the control group and one as the experimental group. While the symbolic language of chemistry was taught with the traditional teaching method in the control groups, an educational game with Arabic support was used in the experimental group based on the constructive learning approach. Prior knowledge, attitude-perception towards chemistry, and chemistry achievement tests were applied to all three groups before the implementation in order to control their prior knowledge and attitude and perception towards chemistry; the chemistry success test was applied again after the implementation. ANCOVA analysis was used to evaluate the data obtained from the tests. As a result of the study, it was concluded that High school 9th-grade students studying with the educational game based on constructivist learning approach had significantly higher mean score in the chemistry achievement test on the symbolic language of chemistry than the students studying with traditional teaching method, they relate the concepts more accurately, and performed more meaningful learning.

Since 2010, other Arabic Language Education Departments have been founded to train Arabic language teachers at both state and foundation universities. As of 2020-2021, a total of eight universities are actively training Arabic language teachers. Although teaching is considered a fundamental duty of academics, making academic publications is as important as giving lectures in the context of contributing to the home country and the world literature. This study aims to provide a survey into the publications of the permanent academic staff of eight active Arabic Language Education Departments in Turkey in terms of several aspects such as quantity, type of publication, distribution by a person, or a relation between the academics BA major and their publications. The results of the study reveal that the academics working at Arabic Language Education Departments published mainly literature-related academic works even though they worked at education faculties. It was found that the publications in the field of education constituted only one-fifth of the total number of academic publications. Another result is that the number of publications on theology, which are not related to Arabic education, is almost equal to educational publications in number.

Abstract In this article, by using the notion of quantum calculus, we define a new type Szász–Mirakjan operators based on the q-integers. We derive a recurrence formula and calculate the moments Φ n , q ( t m ; x ) $\Phi _{n,q}(t^{m};x)$ for m = 0 , 1 , 2 $m=0,1,2$ and the central moments Φ n , q ( ( t − x ) m ; x ) $\Phi _{n,q}((t-x)^{m};x)$ for m = 1 , 2 $m=1,2$ . We give estimation for the first and second-order central moments. We present a Korovkin type approximation theorem and give a local approximation theorem by using modulus of continuity. We obtain a local direct estimate for the new Szász–Mirakjan operators in terms of Lipschitz-type maximal function of order α. Finally, we prove a Korovkin type weighted approximation theorem.

The mixture of nanoparticles with base fluid for heat transfer fluid’s performance enhancement has received wide research attention recently. These nanofluids have been proposed by researchers as a better alternative in different thermal systems. However, the detailed comparison of these fluids is limited in the existing literature. Therefore, in this paper, a detailed parametric comparison of mono/hybrid nanofluids with other fluids’ applications in solar thermal collectors is presented. Specifically, the flat plate and solar parabolic trough collectors are considered within the scope of this study. While the flat plate collectors are modeled for low-temperature applications, the parabolic trough collectors are considered for high-temperature applications. Five nanofluids with different nanoparticles, namely; Al2O3, SiO 2, CuO, Al2O3-ZnO, and Al2O3-Fe are compared with four normal fluids (water, salt (7NaNO 3_40NaNO 2_53KNO2), Therminol_VP1, and Dowtherm_Q). From the energy/exergy efficiencies and useful energy output results of this study, the nanofluids had a better performance when applied in the flat plate collectors and parabolic trough collectors. Also, the working fluids with higher temperature output had lower energy efficiencies and useful energy output. Hence, the base (normal) fluids are more suitable for some specific temperature applications in a flat plate and parabolic trough collectors.

Abstract It is commonly recommended to incorporate diesel generators into distributed hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) to lower the system's total cost and make the generated electricity affordable. Due to the environmental and economic issues associated with fossil fuel use, biomass power technologies (BPT) appear to be an attractive alternative to diesel generators. The HOMER software was used to model, simulate, and optimise two photovoltaic/wind/battery systems integrated with different BPT (anaerobic digestion or gasification) to satisfy the electrical needs of Babadam, a remote community in northern Cameroon. The results indicated that the anaerobic digester integrated system's overall optimal architecture included a 98.1 kW photovoltaic array, a 30 kW biogas generator, and 200 batteries, with a cost of energy (COE) of $0.347/kWh. On the other hand, the gasifier integrated option is made up of an 81.8 kW photovoltaic array, a 15 kW syngas generator, and 200 batteries and has a COE of $0.319/kW. Additionally, compared to the PV/Wind/Battery system, integrating the biogas (resp. syngas) generator showed a potential COE decrease of 29% (resp. 40%). The sensitivity analysis highlighted the validity of this COE reduction potential everywhere in sub‐Saharan Africa, leading to the conclusion that integrating BPT into HRESs can effectively contribute to Sustainable Development Goal 7.

Appetite-related hormones are secreted from the gut, signaling the presence of nutrients. Such signaling allows for cross-talk between the gut and the appetite-control regions of the brain, influencing appetite and food intake. As nutritional requirements change throughout the life course, it is perhaps unsurprising that appetite and eating behavior are not constant. Changes in appetite-related gut hormones may underpin these alterations in appetite and eating. In this article, we review evidence of how the release of appetite-related gut hormones changes throughout the life course and how this impacts appetite and eating behaviour. We focus on hormones for which there is the strongest evidence of impact on appetite, food intake, and body weight: the anorexigenic glucagon like peptide-1, peptide tyrosine tyrosine, and cholecystokinin, and the orexigenic ghrelin. We consider hormone concentrations, particularly in response to feeding, from the very early days of life, through childhood and adolescence, where responses may reflect energy requirements to support growth and development. We discuss the period of adulthood and midlife, with a particular focus on sex differences and the effect of menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause, as well as the potential influence of appetite-related gut hormones on body composition and weight status. We then discuss recent advancements in our understanding of how unfavorable changes in appetite-related gut hormone responses to feeding in later life may contribute to undernutrition and a detrimental aging trajectory. Finally, we briefly highlight priorities for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a design of a trigeneration plant for the usage of Periwinkle Lifestyle Estate in Lagos State Nigeria. The proposed system would provide electricity, heating and freshwater requirements for residential buildings from a renewable energy source. Concentrated photovoltaic solar thermal (CPV/T) collector is used to generate the electricity and provides the required amount of thermal energy to the multistage flash desalination plant and Kalina cycle due to its high electrical and thermal effectiveness. The EES is used to model the tri-generation system by solving the governing equations with an interconnected structure, while TRNSYS and HOMER software was also used to collect the solar data for the case study area. The combined trigeneration structure can produce 0.6412 kg/s of freshwater, 1520.25 kW of electricity generation, and 91.57 kW of heat required for the district heating application, for the usage of Periwinkle lifestyle estate Lagos State Nigeria. The designed system can serve as an alternative to producing high-quality freshwater for drinking and irrigation, reliable and steady electricity and heating services during the winter season, without pollution.

In this study, photovoltaic (PV) technology development over the years is reviewed. The use of PV power plants to solve inadequate power supply in Kurdistan is also analysed. PV power application is one of the most developed renewable energy applications but still not commercialized in somw countries. In this paper, three different locations will be evaluated in Kurdistan for PV plant installation. The research will investigate the best location for PV plant installation in Kurdistan, check the viability of the proposed plants and compare the performance of a fixed and a double axis tracking system. A 10 MW PV plant is developed and simulated based on economic terms. The results from the analysis shows that the simple payback period for a 10 MW PV plant in all the locations considered is between 6.8 and 7.2 years. Also, the installation with two-axis tracking system gave the lowest simple payback period (6.8 years). The PV plant is viable considering other economic indicators like; IRR, NPV, annual life cycle savings and BCR. The yearly savings of the system for one of the locations considered is US$1,573,327 with a dual axis tracking system. ©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved