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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kombinasi optimal pemberian lamtoro dan jerami jagung fermentasi pada tingkat pemberian kulit ubi kayu yang tetap dalam ransum sapi Bali jantan. Sebanyak 20 ekor sapi Bali jantan berusia 1,5-1,8 tahun (190 ± 12,34 kg) dibagi menjadi empat kelompok perlakuan. Pada setiap kelompok perlakuan, sapi jantan diberi pakan empat tingkat jerami jagung fermentasi (10%, 30%, 40% dan 60%) dengan tingkat penurunan lamtoro yang sesuai (70%, 50%, 40% dan 20%) dan tingkat kulit singkong yang tetap (20%). Pemberian jerami jagung fermentasi sebanyak 10% dengan 70% lamtoro memberikan pertambahan bobot hidup tertinggi (Pertambahan bobot badan; 0,41 kg/hari). Terdapat hubungan linier dan kuadrat antara pertambahan bobot badan terhadap pemberian jerami jagung fermentasi. Pertambahan bobot badan kemungkinan besar terkait dengan tingkat konsumsi bahan kering (20 – 21 g/kg BB) dan ketersediaan protein dalam ransum. Hubungan antara konsumsi jerami jagung fermantasi dan pertambahan bobot badan dapat digunakan untuk menentukan kombinasi optimal antara pemberian lamtoro dengan jerami jagung fermentasi dan kulit singkong dalam ransum. Peningkatan penambahan pemberian jerami jagung fermentasi hingga 35% dan penurunan pemberian lamtoro sampai 45% dalam ransum hanya menghasilkan sedikit perubahan pertambahan bobot badan, hal ini memberikan ruang yang lebih besar terhadap penggunaan jerami jagung fermentasi pada sistem penggemukan dengan ketersediaan lamtoro yang terbatas.

Farmers are not used to giving leucaena leaves to the cattle they keep. This is because lack of information about benefits of leucaena is not widely known. Whereas leucaena leaves have high nutritional value and palatable. Cattle body weight can grow well, so farmers get an advantage when using leucaena as feed.Extension activity was conducted in Kelompok Tani Ternak Aik Kolong, Mura Village, District of Brang Ene, West Sumbawa Regency. Selection of places at the request of community leaders from this place. After the extension activities, farmers have begun to understand and realize that the maintenance cattle for fattening efforts absolutely need quality feed intake. Farmers will seed and a plant leucaena seed given in the cage area, yard, or in their fields after the rainy season arrives. This was conveyed in discussions (Q&A) events that developed during extension activities and technical guidance conducted in a simulation. In the end of activities, the farmers still hope that this kind of activity is more often done, so that their skills and knowledge on how to raise cattle fattening can be applied in the Group in particular and in Mura Village-Brang Ene, West Sumbawa Regency generally.

Currently, the Lamtoro plant has become the prima donna of forage for ruminants in NTB Province. This plant is able to grow in relatively dry land and can be a source of protein for ruminants, maintenance and maintenance is relatively easy because it does not require a lot of water. On the other hand, the use of lamtoro as a source of protein for ruminant feed is an efficient step in meeting animal feed needs. Through the utilization of lamtoro, the use of less productive land can be utilized as well as a reforestation tree to prevent erosion, on the other hand, the use of lamtoro can increase farmers' income because the cost of foraging for food in the dry season can be minimized, the quality of feed given to livestock is maintained so that livestock productivity is maintained. The dry season remains high, therefore the Maju Bersama Group in the Filter Village of North Moyo District as one of the livestock groups in North Moyo District where the population does a lot of raising ruminant livestock, it is deemed necessary to carry out community empowerment service activities through counseling on “Lamtoro Cultivation As a Protein Source Feed Bank in North Moyo District, Sumbawa Regency. " Providing counseling in the form of demonstrations, speeches (lectures and questions and answers), and distribution of leaflets attended by 20 participants including members of farmer groups and local residents. The results of the counseling were considered very useful. This could be seen from the enthusiasm of the extension participants who attended both the question and answer session and the demonstration session. The output of this counseling result is an ISSN service journal and a brochure

The objectives of the research were to evaluate the Breeding Soundness Examination and Sexual Dimorphism of young Bali bulls. There were 33 healthy, under normal condition and 25 heads had reddish-brown and 8 had dark chestnut brown skin color. The data collected were body weight (kg), scrotal circumference (cm), libido (score 1-3), semen volume (ml), color of semen, motility (%), concentration of sperm (×107/ml), live spermatozoa (%) and testosterone levels (ng/ml). The data were analyzed descriptively with a T-test for statistical analysis. The results Breeding soundness examination showed that bodyweight of 214 ± 25.2 (160-252) kg, Scrotal circumference was 20.96 ± 1.19 (19-24) cm, libido (score 1-3) of 1.12 ± 1.19 (0-3), semen volume of 2.15 ± 1.02 (1-4) ml, motility of 51.25± 9.54 (40-65) %, concentration of sperm of 668.51 ± 216.39 (340-952) x 107/ml, live spermatozoa of 52.51 ± 8.86 (40-60) % and testosterone level of 6.64 ± 0.28 (4.93-7.51) ng/ml. Results of the evaluation of sexual dimorphism of reddish yellow and dark chestnut brown skin color consist body weight, scrotal circumference, and testosterone levels were found nor significantly different (P>0.05) those values were 224.71±25.85(n=25) and 210.8±24.69kg (n=8), scrotal circumference were 20.75±1.28(n=25) and 21.04 ±1.18 cm(n=8), 6.41±0.78 (n=25) and 6.72±0.56 ng/ml (n=8) respectively. It can be concluded that breeding soundness examination in young Bali bulls can be used to evaluate phenotype variations. There was no effect of sexual dimorphism on body weight, scrotal circumference, and testosterone levels Bali bull age of 1,5 to 2 years.

West Nusa Tenggara or Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) Province is one of the centres of beef cattle production in Indonesia. This research aimed to analyze the opportunities and challenges of establishing a ruminant feed mill in NTB Province. Primary data collections were carried out through surveys and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with competent stakeholders at an agency that handles the livestock sector. Secondary data collections were sourced from government and private agencies, reports on the results of existing studies, and other relevant sources. Analysis of the opportunities and challenges of establishing a ruminant feed mill in NTB Province was using a SWOT analysis. The results showed that the opportunities for the establishment of a feed mill in NTB Province were indicated bythe high number of ruminant livestock population, the strong political support from the provincial government, the local production system, the more intensive food agriculture system, the willingnes of farmers to to buy feed produced from the feed mill. The threats for the establishment of a feed mill in NTB Province were the declining tendency of the ruminant livestock population, the increasing livestock and meat importation lack of the farmer’s capital land conversion, and decreased land carrying capacity, lacks of group resources the non competitive products in quality and quantity with foreign products. The construction of a ruminant animal feed mill in NTB Province is feasible and technically, production and marketing are very prospective because commercial animal feed needs are still imported from outside NTB Province.

Profitable beef production is a pathway out of poverty for smallholder cattle farmers. Current systems of production are often not profitable and growth rates of bulls under village production systems are low with low income over food costs (IOFC). An analysis of daily IOFC of several production systems suggests that growth rates can be increased and a system for formulating rations to supply a certain amount of nutrients or target a specific growth rate on a least-cost basis would increase IOFC. Growth rate can only increase if metabolisable energy (ME) intake of the ration can be increased. A least-cost ration (LCR) formulation system provides a way of formulating rations to increase the ME content at the least cost and can modify rations based on the local availability and prices of ingredients. Such an approach has been shown to increase IOFC. The choice of breed is also important. Potential for growth declines from EuroxOngole to Ongole to Bali cattle but the IOFC for bulls of different breeds may not differ very much. The bigger breeds may not be able to express their potential for growth if inadequately fed and IOFC is reduced. A LCR process which accommodates feed price fluctuations can be used to formulate rations which promote high growth rates to increase IOFC. Examples are given of the approach and the application of the LCR system to devise new feeding systems.

Feed is still a major problem in the development of the livestock sub-sector. So far, farmers are still relying on animal feed needs from natural grass which causes low livestock productivity and limited livestock rearing capacity. To overcome these problems, the purpose of this community service activity is to provide training and assistance to female breeders to make complete feed and implement the use of complete feed for livestock. This training activity was carried out in Wanasaba Lauk Village, East Lombok Regency. Participants in the training activity were 15 female breeders under the Ridho Ilahi Center for Animal Husbandry. The method used in this study is the delivery of materials and the practice of making complete feeds. The training activity was carried out for 2 days and assistance for the application of complete feed technology was carried out for 3 months. The result of this training is that female farmers gain knowledge and skills in producing complete feed and in terms of capacity calculations, breeders are able to maintain a minimum of 5 heads of livestock which previously was only a maximum of 2 heads. Then in terms of productivity, average daily gain (ADG) of livestock reached 0.42 Kg/day.

Improving nutritional value of feed using Leucaena leucocephala is attainable for everyone as it could easily grow in agriculture land and often found as tree fences in farmers’ residential area. Leucaena leaves contain high valuable nutrition, which favored by the cattle and likewise the increase live weight cattle thoroughly. A community-service based program was carried out at farmer group of Pade Genem in Sekarbela district, Mataram. This program aimed to provide training for cattle farmers on how to feed cattle using leucaena, introducing the methods of reducing anti-nutritional factors that naturally producing by leucaena, as well as planting strategy for feeding and environmental greening. Participative approach was used in the education and training activities through counseling, discourse and illustration methods. Success of program is indicated by enthusiasm and involvement of participants, as well as implementation and adoption

Penelitian berjudul Evaluasi Kecukupan Nutrisi sapi Bali dara yang dipelihara di BPT-HMT Serading Kabupaten Sumbawa ini telah dilaksanakan selama 3 bulan dari bulan April hingga Juni 2019 di BPT-HMT Serading. Penelitian menggunakan 10 ekor sapi dara dengan bobot badan rata-rata 146,86 ± 4,2 kg yang ditempatkan dalam sistem kandang kolektif yang dilengkapi bak pakan dan air minum. Pengambilan data untuk produksi hijauan menggunakan metode survey serta pengukuran dan pengamatan langsung dilapangan dengan menggunakan quadran dengan ukuran 1 m x 1 m. Penempatan quadran pada padang rumput dilakukan dengan cara acak sistematis sedangkan komposisi botani dilakukan, dengan metode pengukuran Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR) berdasarkan frekuensi (keseringan), berdasarkan density (kepadatan), berdasarkan area cover (penutupan tanah). Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini meliputi pengamatan sistem pemeliharaan, jumlah dan jenis pakan yang diberikan, Produksi hijauan dan komposisi botani di padang penggembalaan dan pertambahan bobot badan ternak. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini dianalisis secara deskriptif (Mean dan Standart Deviasi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem pemeliharaan sapi dara bali yang dipelihara di HMT Serading adalah sistem semi intensif, pakan yang diberikan dalam kandang adalah rumput raja (50,6%), lamtoro (16,3%), jerami padi (22,6%), dan jerami jagung (10,5%). Pakan yang tersedia dipadang penggembalaan adalah rumput bintang, rumput para dan ilalang dan termasuk dalam komposisi botani padang penggembalaan yang kurang baik dengan kapasitas daya tampung 0,4 UT/Ha/Tahun.

The aim of the study was to evaluate Bali cattle pre-weaning calf death in Central Lombok. Sick calves were examined their condition, followed by physiology examination. Then feces and blood samples were collected and examined for internal parasites and hematology. The results showed that the newborn calf was 57,2% (61), while calves sick was 16.5% (101) consisted of 7,2% (57) death calves and 9,3% still alive. Calves examination showed that 21, 05 % (12) was under weak conditions, 38.5% (22) with high temperature, 73, 5% (42) calves were found diarrhea. This diarrhea calves consisted of 50,8% (29) diarrhea, 3, 5% (2) diarrhea with blood stain, and 19, 2% (11) diarrhea with high temperature. The results of coproscopy showed that 14.03% (8) calves diarrhea were infected with parasites, such as protozoa (Eimeria sp), liver fluke (Fasciola sp) and gastro intestine worm (Trichuris sp, Trichostrongilus sp, and Bunostonum sp). Following evaluation of hematocrit, it was found that 33.3% (19) calves higher while 3.50% (2) lower. Following examination of Red Blood Cell, it was found that 98.2% (56) calves showed anemia hypochromic, 28.07% (16) showed anemia microcytic, 15,7% (9) macrocytic anemia, 5.2% (3) anemia hypochromic, 3.5% (2 calves) showed erythropenia. Leucocytes examinations showed that 35.08% (20 calves) showed by lymphocytosis, 7.01% (4 calves) leucocytosis, 1.75% (1 calf) leucopenia and 1.75% (1 calf) lymphocytopenia. It can be concluded that from the ill calves in the middle of the rainy season showed diarrhea with protozoa, liver fluke, and worms infestations. Hematology examination the sick calves indicated that there were anemia, lymphocytosis, dehydration, low content of blood corpuscular. Finally, the sick calves may be infected with parasites, protozoa’s, bacteria’s and viruses.

The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of dietary supplementation with a source ofbypass protein (cottonseed meal, CSM) on the performance of growing crossbred wethers fed lowdigestibility roughage at high ambient temperature. Sixteen unshorn Border Leicester x Merino lambsaged 6 months and weighing 24.90.37 kg were allocated into a 2x2 factorial design (2 diets and 2ambient temperatures). Each group was fed either wheaten chaff + 2% urea ad libitum or wheaten chaff +1% urea ad libitum + 100g/d cottonseed meal. The results show that respiration rate and rectal temperaturewere significantly affected by ambient temperature (P

To date, there are very few studies have been carried out on the effect of parasite infection on Bali cattle, and more importantly, there is no published data on the epidemiology of worm infections on Bali cattle in the island of Sumbawa, Indonesia. This research aimed to undertake a preliminary study on gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infection on Bali cattle raised under semi-intensive farming system in five different sites in district of Dompu, Sumbawa island. Fecal samples of 76 Bali cattle, from three farmer groups namely site number 1, 4 and 5, were collected, processed and examined under a microscope, with 100x magnification, for egg fecal counting or oocyst fecal counting using the modified McMaster technique. The number of eggs/oocysts observed was then determined and identified. The results show that the eggs/oocysts ranged from 50-14800. The types of GI parasites identified were Strongyloides sp, Strongyle sp, Toxocara sp, Trichuris sp, and Coccidia. Coccidia oocyst is a type of parasite which was found with the highest percentage of 23.68% followed by Strongyle sp. (18.42%) and Toxocara sp. (10.52%). The overall prevalence of GI parasitic infection in cattle accounted for 43.42%. Young calves (0-3 months old) was more susceptible to GI parasitic infection among other age groups. This preliminary data could be used as a basic data on gastrointestinal parasitic infection in Dompu district. These results may also indicate the need to develop control strategies aiming at lowering the gastrointestinal parasitism.

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Chromolaena odorata (CO) contains high protein (21-36%) and has the potency to be utilized as a cheap protein source for livestock due to its abundants availability. However, it also contain secondary metabolic compounds that could has a negative effects on livestock, hence it requires treatments to eliminate the antinutrient compounds. One of the methods is pelleting. This experiment aimed at assessing the efficacy of chromolaena level in pelleted ration for fattened cattle. Four bali young male aged ± 2 years old were allotted into four dietary treatments in a latin square experimental design. The treatments were pellet contains CO at a level of 10% (COP10) or 20% (COP20), or 30% (COP30) or 40% (COP40). The pellet was offered at 2% live weight (LW), and kume grass hay was provided ad libitum as basal diet. The pellet was iso energy (11.5 MJ ME/kg DM) and nitrogenous (20% CP). Parameters measured were dietary intake and digestibility, rumen fermentation, and rumen microbial protein production. The results showed that increasing level of chromolaena to 40% in the pellet significantly surpressed most of the measured parameters. Dry matter intake declined from 2.5% LW in treatment COP10 to 2.19% LW in COP40. Similarly, crude protein intake reduced from 749 g/d (COP10) to 661 g/d (COP40). Unaffected parameters were digestibility, rumen ammonia concentration (116-125 mg/dL),total VFA, and efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis (60,4-73,4 g/kg BOT). It is concluded that chromolaena can be utilized as protein source for ruminants, yet it tends to depress intake at high level of inclusion (40%). On the other hand, dietary digestibility and rumen function were not effected by level of chromolaean, though efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis was lower than the recommended values in the exisiting feeding standards. Therefore, further research is warrant to devise appriate treatments to improve feeding value of chromolaena as cheap protein source for livestock.Key words: Chromolaeana odorata, protein, intake, rumen microbial protein, cattle