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Significance of this study is to explore Arrhenius activation energy, microgravity, chemical reaction and porous medium effects on Darcy nanofluid over a stretching sheet with nonlinear thermal radiations. Purpose of this study is to enhance the lubrication efficiency, excessive heat reduction, surface roughness and tool wear in drilling, milling, grinding and cutting tools of machining procedures. Use of Brownian and thermophoretic nanoparticles in base liquid is very effective to reduce friction in tool-chip and tool-work interfaces, tool life ability and cooling ability through nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication in machining operations. A refined mathematical model is solved using dimensionless variables; oscillatory stokes conditions and primitive variables. The implicit form of finite difference method is applied for numerical results using Gaussian elimination approach. The numerical and physical outputs are secured using Gaussian elimination methodology in FORTRAN tool and TecPlot-360. Graphs are displayed by using numerical data in Tecplot-360 program. Impact of activation energy (AE), solar radiation (Rd), microgravity (RG), porosity (Ω), thermophoresis (NT), chemical reaction (Kr), Prandtl (Pr) and Schmidt factor (Sc) on oscillating frequency of heat and mass transport is depicted. Amplitude in fluid velocity, surface temperature and volume of concentration is enhanced as radiation, microgravity and activation energy increases. It is noted that the increasing amplitude in fluid velocity, temperature and fluid concentration is found with activation energy, radiation and buoyancy force effects. Steady behavior of skin friction and mass transport decreases as Darcy porous medium and reaction rate decreases. Frequency of oscillating skin friction and oscillating heat transfer increases as Schmidt and Prandtl coefficient increases. Fluctuations and amplitude in the frequency of heat and mass transport enhances as thermophoretic nanoparticle enhances.

Abstract Background The incidence estimates for intracranial subdural empyema are 0.1 per 100,000 individuals, making it a rare clinical condition. It is a highly morbid and fatal illness that is most commonly the result of a primary infection somewhere else. Case presentation The authors present a young male patient 15 years presented with 1 week history of headache, fever, confusion and seizure attack with initial negative CT head and nearly negative CSF analysis. With few days he developed left sided weakness. MRI brain showed right temporoparietal subdural fluid collection with midline shift. Urgent neurosurgical evacuation was made and revealed subdural empyema. The boy received combination therapy of vancomycin, ceftriaxone, and metronidazole. The culture of the pus was negative but 16S rRNA gene sequencing (bacterial) revealed streptococcus intermedius. He made a good recovery with no recollection or neurological deficit on follow up. Conclusion This case highlights the possibility of occurrence of this rare infection in otherwise healthy individuals without obvious precipitating factor. It also indicates the superiority of MRI brain over CT head in detection of subdural collection. The rapid diagnosis and intervention improve the outcome of the patient.

This article focuses on the problem of integral boundary value for Riemann-Liouville derivatives equipped with $ \left(p, q\right) $-difference calculus in Banach space. To provide further clarification, our focus lies in establishing the existence of a solution to our problem using the measure of noncompactness (m.n.) and the Mönch's fixed point theorem. Our investigation in the Banach space encompasses two nonlinear terms with two distinct orders of derivatives. Our paper concludes with an illustrative example and conclusion.

Background: The pathogens E. coli and S. enterica that caused substantial health problems and financial losses were believed to have originated primarily from Egypt's dairy farms. Aim: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the occurrence of E. coli and S. enterica in three large dairy farms located in the Egyptian governorate of Sharkia. Furthermore, biochemical and serological characteristics of the isolated isolates were described. Further analysis revealed that several E. coli serovars had the genes stx1, stx2, eaeA, and hylA, while invA, stn, and hilA genes were found in several S. enterica serotypes using a multi-plex PCR. Methods: A total of 540 samples of fresh raw cow milk, water, feedstuffs, feces, (108 each), as well as swabs from feeders, milker hands and cattle crushes (36 each ), were gathered and analyzed. Results: The recovery of E. coli from various sampling sources was shown to have an overall prevalence of 62.2% (336/540) in the results. Fecal samples had isolated S. enterica, with a frequency of 0.74% (4/540). The existence of various groups of serovars, such as O26, O44, O55, O78 and O111 for E. coli and S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium and S. inganda for S. enterica was revealed by serological identification of the two species. However, it was discovered that a number of E. coli serovars had much higher percentages of the eaeA and hylA genes as well as shiga-toxin types 1 and 2 (stx1 and stx2). The presence of the invA gene, a diagnostic marker for S. enterica was 100% across all serovars. Salmonella enteritidis possessed both the enterotoxin gene (stn) and the hyper-invasive locus gene (hilA). Salmonella typhimurium had the hilA gene, whereas Sal. inganda had the stn gene. Conclusion: E. coli and S. enterica recovered in this study have significant genetic risk factors for high pathogenicity and virulence, posing a real threat to dairy population productivity and health, which could spread to the general public through milk. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(1.000): 214-224]