Search

Junqi Wu,1,2,* Jinwei Dai,1,3,* Yuyang Zhang,1,3 Jing Wang,1 Lei Huang,1 Hongmei Ding,1 Tiejun Li,1,4 Yuefan Zhang,1,5 Junqin Mao,6 Shichong Yu1 1College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Pharmacy, Punan Hospital, Shanghai 200125, People’s Republic of China; 5Biomedical Innovation R&D Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 20444, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai 201299, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Junqin Mao Email maojq204@163.comShichong Yu Tel/Fax +86-21-81871228Email yuscc1008@163.comPurpose: Xanthones demonstrated an array of pharmacological activities via non-covalent DNA interaction and have been widely utilized in new drug research. The introduction of the polar 1,2,3-triazole ring located at the C3-position of xanthone has not been reported thus far.Methods: In the present study, a series of xanthone derivatives were designed, synthesized, and characterized through 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium method was used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of compounds. Furthermore, the structure–activity relationship and the potential mechanism of target compounds were investigated.Results: The IC50 showed that the inhibitory activity of 18 target compounds was higher than that of the original xanthone intermediate 4. In particular, compound 1j was the most active agent against A549 cancer cells (IC50 = 32.4 ± 2.2 μM). Moreover, apoptosis analysis indicated different contributions of early/late apoptosis to cell death for compounds 1h and 1j. The results of Western blotting analysis showed that compound 1j significantly increased the expression of caspase 3, Bax, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and regulated p53 to a better healthy state in cancer cells.Conclusion: We synthesized several derivatives of xanthone and evaluated their cytotoxicity. The evidence suggested that compound 1j possessed greater anticancer potential for further evaluations.Keywords: synthesis, xanthone, derivatives, lung cancer cell, apoptosis

In recent years, the treatment of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent has gained increasing attention. However, researches on the relationships between nitrogen forms and nitrogen removal efficiency are very limited. Based on the fact that the nitrogen forms in the WWTP effluent may vary as the season changes, the nitrogen removal efficiencies of an integrated ecological floating bed (IEFB) was studied under different influent nitrogen forms. In addition, the effects of sediments in the system were also quantified during the experiment. Results showed that the total nitrogen (TN) removal rates of the IEFB were 25.61 ± 5.72% and 60.03 ± 7.00%, respectively, when the main influent nitrogen forms are nitrate and ammonia. The sediments in the system also played vital roles in the removal processes: when the sediments were covered with a polyethylene membrane, the total nitrogen (TN) removal rate of the system dropped from 27.86 ± 5.53% to 14.78 ± 4.97%, and the total phosphorus (TP), from 58.77 ± 6.20% to 33.51 ± 25.52%.

Students spend most of their time living and studying on campus, especially in Asia, and they form various types of associations in addition to those with classmates and roommates. It is necessary for university authorities to master these types of associations, so as to provide appropriate services, such as psychological guidance and academic advice. With the rapid development of the &ldquo, smart campus,&rdquo, many kinds of student behavior data are recorded, which provides an unprecedented opportunity to deeply analyze students&rsquo, associations. In this paper, we propose a visual analytic method to construct students&rsquo, association networks by computing the similarity of their behavior data. We discover student communities using the popular Louvain (or BGLL) algorithm, which can extract community structures based on modularity optimization. Using various visualization charts, we visualized associations among students so as to intuitively express them. We evaluated our method using the real behavior data of undergraduates in a university in Beijing. The experimental results indicate that this method is effective and intuitive for student association analysis.