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Introduction: The early diagnosis of kidney injury in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is important to prevent the long-term damaging effects of kidney loss and is decisive for patient outcomes. While SIRT2 is implicated in diabetes pathogenesis, its correlation with diabetic nephropathy remains unexplored. This study was designed to evaluate the association of urine SIRT2 levels with diabetic kidney injury, as well as potential underlying mechanisms. Methods: In T2DM patients, db/db mice, and high glucose plus palmitic acid treated HK2 cell models, ELISA, Immunoturbidimetry, Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to detect SIRT2 levels and kidney damage. According to urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), 163 T2DM patients were divided into three groups. Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between urinary sirtuin2/creatinine ratio (USCR) and biomarkers of kidney injury. The influencing factors of albuminuria in T2DM patients were analyzed by logistic regression model. Results: In our findings, the Macro group exhibited the highest USCR levels as UACR increased. There was a positive association between USCR and UACR, α1-microglobulin/creatinine ratio (UαCR), β2-microglobulin/creatinine ratio (UβCR), and retinol-binding protein/creatinine ratio (URCR), with a negative correlation observed with eGFR. Logistic ordered multiclassification regression analysis, adjusting for confounding variables, confirmed that USCR remained a significant risk factor for the severity of albuminuria in T2DM patients. In the db/db mice kidney SIRT2 protein level increased significantly. Increased SIRT2 protein levels were also observed in renal tubular epithelial cells treated with high glucose plus palmitic acid. Moreover, SIRT2 promotes the expression of proinflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 by modulating the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and p-JNK in renal tubular cells induced by high glucose and palmitic acid. Conclusion: Urinary SIRT2 is closely related to eGFR, renal tubule injury, and urinary albumin excretion in T2DM patients, which is expected to be an important indicator to comprehensively reflect renal injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2009.05.004 Byline: Jianhui Yan (a)(b), Li Zhang (a), Haihua Yang (a)(b), Yougen Tang (b), Zhouguang Lu (b), Suli Guo (c), Yali Dai (a)(b), Yong Han (a)(b), Maohai Yao (a)(b) Keywords: CuCr.sub.2O.sub.4; TiO.sub.2; Heterojunction; Spinel; Photocatalytic activity; Hydrogen evolution Abstract: CuCr.sub.2O.sub.4/TiO.sub.2 heterojunction has been successfully synthesized via a facile citric acid (CA)-assisted sol-gel method. Techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum (UV-vis DRS) have been employed to characterize the as-synthesized nanocomposites. Furthermore, photocatalytic activities of the as-obtained nanocomposites have been evaluated based on the H.sub.2 evolution from oxalic acid solution under simulated sunlight irradiation. Factors such as CuCr.sub.2O.sub.4 to TiO.sub.2 molar ratio in the composites, calcination temperature, photocatalyst mass concentration, and initial oxalic acid concentration affecting the photocatalytic hydrogen producing have been studied in detail. The results showed that the nanocomposite of CuCr.sub.2O.sub.4/TiO.sub.2 is more efficient than their single part of CuCr.sub.2O.sub.4 or TiO.sub.2 in producing hydrogen. The optimized composition of the nanocomposites has been found to be CuCr.sub.2O.sub.4*0.7TiO.sub.2. And the optimized calcination temperature and photocatalyst mass concentration are 500[degrees]C and 0.8gl.sup.-1, respectively. The influence of initial oxalic acid concentration is consistent with the Langmuir model. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414000, PR China (b) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China (c) College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, PR China Article History: Received 19 September 2008; Revised 27 March 2009; Accepted 4 May 2009 Article Note: (miscellaneous) Communicated by: Associate Editor S.A. Sherif

Objective To explore the association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) or platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) and renal tubular injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods A total of 268 patients with T2DM who were hospitalized in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from September 2018 to September 2019 were assigned to three groups according to their urine albumin/urine creatinine ratio (UACR): normal-albuminuria group (Normal group, UACR<30 mg/g), micro-albuminuria group (Micro group, 30≤UACR<300 mg/g), and macro-albuminuria group (Macro group, UACR≥300 mg/g). Basic information and clinical data of the research objects were collected. Fasting extraction of elbow venous blood to test blood routine, and biochemical indicators such as glycated hemoglobin A1c and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). NLR, PLR and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated. After detecting the levels of α1-microglobulin (α1-MG), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), retinol-binding protein (RBP) and urinary creatinine (Ucr), we regarded α1-MG/Ucr, β2-MG/Ucr and RBP/Ucr as indicators for responding renal tubular injury. Group differences were tested with Chi-square test, analysis of variance and nonparametric tests. Associations between inflammatory index and renal injury markers were performed by Spearman correlation coefficients. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses determined the prediction efficiency of model. Results NLR and PLR levels were increased in the Macral group (94 cases) than both the Micro group(80 cases) and the Normal group (94 cases), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). Compared with the Micro group, NLR levels in the Macro group were increased in Macro group (P<0.05). With the increase in NLR and PLR quartiles, there were gradual increase in UACR, urine RBP/Ucr, urine α1-MG and urine β 2-MG, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that NLR and PLR had positive correletions with UACR, RBP/Ucr, α1-MG/Ucr and β2-MG/Ucr (r=0.254-0.385, all P<0.01), and a negative correlation with eGFR (r=-0.328, -0.151, both P<0.01). In addition, ROC curve analyses showed that the AUC and sensitivities of NLR in predicting UACR>30 mg/g, eGFR<60 ml⋅min-1·(1.73 m²)-1, RBP/Ucr>0.10, α1-MG/Ucr>2.08, or β 2-MG/Ucr>0.07 (AUC were 0.700, 0.679, 0.717, 0.702, 0.737, respectively; sensitivities were 75.29%, 85.87%, 80.88%, 83.74%, 85.59%, respectively) were all higher than those of PLR (AUC were 0.639, 0.639, 0.659, 0.644, 0.676, respectively; sensitivities were 58.05%, 75.00%, 63.24%, 65.04%, 58.56%, respectively) and hs-CRP (AUC were 0.597, 0.559, 0.618, 0.644, 0.653, respectively; sensitivities were 62.50%, 30.12%, 63.93%, 68.42%, 70.87%, respectively). Conclusion Both NLR and PLR are closely related to renal tubular injury in patients with T2DM, and NLR is superior to PLR or hs-CRP not only in reflecting glomerular damage but also in tubular injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that affects the entire joint and has been a huge burden on the health care system worldwide. Although traditional therapy and targeted cartilage cell therapy have made significant progress in the treatment of OA and cartilage regeneration, there are still many problems. Mesenchymal stem cells from various tissues are the most studied cell type and have been used in preclinical and clinical studies of OA, because they are more widely available, have a greater capacity for in vitro expansion, and have anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties compared to autologous chondrocytes. This article will systematically review the latest developments in these areas. It may provide new insights for improving OA and cartilage regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: ZnO–SnO2 composite oxides with various molar ratios of Sn:Zn have been synthesized at different calcination temperatures via a facile cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-assisted co-precipitation method with Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and SnCl4·5H2O as starting materials. XRD, TEM, SEM and BET were employed to characterize the as-prepared samples. It has been found that amorphous intermediates appear between the evolutions of ZnO and SnO2 crystals. The photocatalytic properties of the composite oxides were investigated using photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange as the probe reaction. The results show that the ZnO–SnO2 composite oxide with a cube morphology exhibits the best photocatalytic activity, which was prepared with a molar ratio of Zn:Sn of 2:1 and calcination temperature of 700°C. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: CuCr2O4/TiO2 heterojunction has been successfully synthesized via a facile citric acid (CA)-assisted sol–gel method. Techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectrum (UV–vis DRS) have been employed to characterize the as-synthesized nanocomposites. Furthermore, photocatalytic activities of the as-obtained nanocomposites have been evaluated based on the H2 evolution from oxalic acid solution under simulated sunlight irradiation. Factors such as CuCr2O4 to TiO2 molar ratio in the composites, calcination temperature, photocatalyst mass concentration, and initial oxalic acid concentration affecting the photocatalytic hydrogen producing have been studied in detail. The results showed that the nanocomposite of CuCr2O4/TiO2 is more efficient than their single part of CuCr2O4 or TiO2 in producing hydrogen. The optimized composition of the nanocomposites has been found to be CuCr2O4·0.7TiO2. And the optimized calcination temperature and photocatalyst mass concentration are 500°C and 0.8gl−1, respectively. The influence of initial oxalic acid concentration is consistent with the Langmuir model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]