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Two new species, Papiliomyces puniceum and Metarhizium lymantriidae, collected from the Gaoligong Mountains in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, southwestern China, were determined by both morphological character and multilocus phylogenetic analysis. P. puniceum was confirmed to be phylogenetically related to P. shibinense and P. liangshanense, while obviously separated from them to be a unique lineage. The diagnostic features of P. puniceum were its spherical conidia and puniceus stromata solitarily on the head of Hepialidae larva. M. lymantriidae was the sister species of M. dendrolimatilis, but it was supported as a single distinct lineage. It was apparently distinguished M. lymantriidae from M. dendrolimatilis by its smaller conidia and more slender phialides Moreover, the host of M. lymantriidae was the larva of tussock moth and that of M. dendrolimatilis was the larva of Dendrolimus sp..

Papiliomyces puniceum Z.H. Chen & L. Xu, sp. nov. (Figure 1) MycoBank no.: MB 843059 Etymology: Referring to the puniceus stromata. Stromata arising from the head of the insect buried in soil, clavate, solitary, red, fleshy, 21.5 × 3.9 mm; Fertile part immature. Colonies on PDA medium reaching 36 mm in diameter after 16 days of cultivation at 25 °C, white in early days then turning light red. Hyphae septate, hyaline, smooth-walled, 1.2 – 2.2 (X = 1.7 ± 0.3) µm wide. Phialides smooth-walled, hyaline, a little swollen base, slender top, 7.8 – 16.5 × 1.1 – 1.8 (X = 12.6 ± 3.4 × 1.5 ± 0.2) µm. Conidia echinulate, spherical, immature conidia hyaline and mature conidia slight brown, 3.0 – 5.9 (X = 4.8 ± 0.7) µm. Material examined: CHINA. Yunan Province, the Gaoligong Mountains, On the larva of Hepialidae, 20 May 2017, Zi-Hong Chen (BUM838, holotype; KUNCC 4992, ex-type living culture) Notes: The first visible distinction for morphological feature of P. puniceum from the recognized species in Papiliomyces was that it possessed puniceus stromata (Figure 1). Stromata color of its two sister taxa were quite different, P. shibinense being white to faint yellow, but P. liangshanense being yellow. The second dominant feature that confirmed the uniqueness of P. puniceum was that its conidia shape was spherical, echinulate and its conidia color was slight brown (Figure 1).

Metarhizium lymantriidae Z.H. Chen & L. Xu, sp. nov. (Figure 2) MycoBank no.: MB 843060 Etymology: Named after the host belonging to the family Lymantriidae (Lepidoptera). Colonies on PDA medium reaching 16 mm in diameter after 16 days of cultivation at 25 °C, white to light green. Hyphae septate, hyaline, branched, smooth-walled, 0.9–1.6 (X = 1.2 ± 0.2) µm wide. Phialides cylindrical or ampuliform, smooth-walled, hyaline, 6.9–21.5 × 0.9–1.5 (X = 10.2 ± 4.6 × 1.2 ± 0.2) µm. Conidia oval or ellipsoidal, forming chain in culture, hyaline, aseptate, smooth, 2.1–3.5 × 1.4–2.1 (X = 2.7 ± 0.2 × 1.7 ± 0.2) µm. Material examined: CHINA. Yunnan Province: the Gaoligong Mountains, on the larva of Lymantriidae, 18 May 2017, Zi-Hong Chen (BUM 818, holotype; KUNCC 4991, ex-type living culture); Baoshan City, on the larva of Lymantriidae, 24 June 2017, Ling Xu (BUM 830, living culture). Notes: Metarhizium lymantriidae was close to M. rileyi and M. dendrolimatilis in the phylogenetic tree. It was difficult to distinguish M. lymantriidae from M. rileyi by the conidia color (Fig. 2 A, B). Isolates of M. lymantriidae grew slowly on PDA medium, similar to M. rileyi. M. dendrolimatilis grew moderately faster than M. lymantriidae and M. rileyi. The distinctiveness of M. lymantriidae was indicated by that its conidia size (2.1–3.5 × 1.4–2.1 µm) was smaller than M. rileyi (3.5–4.5 × 2.0–3.1 µm) and M. dendrolimatilis (3.2–5.4 × 2.2–3.2 µm). The phialides of M. lymantriidae (6.9–21.5 × 0.9–1.5 µm) was more slender than M. rileyi (4.7–6.5 × 2.3–3.0 µm) (Samson 1974) and M. dendrolimatilis (4.3–5.4 × 1.2–3.4 µm). In the wild, M. lymantriidae infected the larva of tussock moth, M. dendrolimatilis infected the larva of Dendrolimus sp., while M. rileyi could infect the larva of noctuid, beetle and sawfly.

This paper briefly introduces the background, significance, and development status of 3D radar technology at home and abroad, and then explains the concept, working principle, system composition, and workflow of the radar system. Combined with the current development trend of smart grids, it focuses on the application scope of this technology in the field of transmission line construction, operation, and maintenance. Then, through the specific implementation of the project cases, the daily operation and maintenance of four 500 kV transmission lines in Nanjing have played a certain guiding role. Finally, according to the development trend of smart grid and the actual demand of power system production and business integration, this paper briefly prospects the function expansion of this technology in transmission line operation evaluation, fault analysis and diagnosis, emergency rescue plan formulation, and other fields.