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The solid-state structure of L2AlEt is reported by X-ray diffraction. BnOH (1 equiv. to L2AlEt) selectively reacts with ~0.5 equiv. of L2AlEt to afford free L–H (~1 equiv.) while maintaining L2AlEt (~0.5 equiv.). The stoichiometric balance suggests the formation of 0.5 equiv. of (BnO)2AlEt. The ROP of CL via the synergic catalysis of the two coexistent Al-complexes, L2AlEt (0.50 mol%) as a Lewis acid activator of CL and (RO)2AlEt (0.50 mol%) as a nucleophile, is proposed.

In this announcement a diagram will be defined for each nonabelian Hodge space on the affine line., 9 pages (v2: minor improvements)

The aim of this lecture is to explain the main result of Hiroe and Yamakawa (Adv Math 266:120–151, (2014), [13]), which affirmatively solves Boalch’s conjecture (proposed in Boalch, Irregular connections and Kac-Moody root systems, 2008, [3]) on some relationship between meromorphic connections on the Riemann sphere \({\mathbb {P}}^1\) and the quiver varieties introduced by Nakajima (Duke Math J 76(2):365–416, (1994), [18]).

We give a simple explicit description of the fundamental two-forms for the isomonodromic deformations of unramified compatibly framed meromorphic connections on the Riemann sphere with arbitrary complex reductive structure group and calculate their Hamiltonians.

In the third- and coming fourth-generation synchrotron radiation facilities, X-rays having both high brightness and high coherency can be utilized. Such X-rays require high accuracy in the reflective optics. In this study, we developed an ultra-precise measurement instrumentation for tangentially long X-ray mirrors using a Fizeau interferometer. In the system, the mirror figure is measured by stitching the subaperture profiles measured by the relative-angle determinable stitching interferometry, which we developed previously. High measurement accuracy of approximately 2 nm (peak to valley) was achieved in the measurement of a 400 mm-long aspherical surface.

We interpret the additive middle convolution operation in terms of the Harnad duality, and as an application, generalize the operation to have a multi-parameter and act on irregular singular systems., 50 pages; v2: Submitted version once revised according to referees' comments

[reaction: see text] A novel and efficient synthesis of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside (1) was accomplished the first time by a biomimetic oxidation route. From (+)-catechin, 3-OH was glucosylated, and the 4-position of the nucleus was then oxidized and dehydrated to give the 5,7,3',4'-tetra-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)flav-3-en-3-ol 3-O-glucoside (8) as a key intermediate. 8 was deprotected and oxidized under air in hydrogen chloride-MeOH to give 1.

This paper deals with precautions needed for an accurate numerical analysis of welding residual stress and deformation. By comparison of numerical results with experimental data, the precautions of the thermal-elastio-plastic FEM are investigated. The bead-on-plate welding was selected as the first object of study, because the boundary conditions does not change with the moving of heat souce. The obtained precautions are as follows : The element division is determined by the size on the welding direction of mechanical melting point and the size of inherent area calculated by the fix-bar model. The yield strength in the area of inherent strain and the coefficient of linear expansion in the vicinity of mechanical melting point are needed.

We describe the moduli spaces of meromorphic connections on trivial holomorphic vector bundles over the Riemann sphere with at most one (unramified) irregular singularity and arbitrary number of simple poles as Nakajima's quiver varieties. This result enables us to solve partially the additive irregular Deligne-Simpson problem., Comment: 31 pages, added references, revised argument in Section 3.3

Using the Fourier-Laplace transform, we describe the isomonodromy equations for meromorphic connections on the Riemann sphere with unramified irregular singularities as those for connections with a (possibly ramified) irregular singularity and a regular singularity. This generalizes some results of Harnad and Woodhouse., Comment: 33 pages, added references, added Corollary 3.17 and Remark 3.18 on the middle convolution

This paper applies Tesseract-OCR, optical character recognition software, to image spam mail filters. Tesseract-OCR can be specific to a certain language and this paper makes Tesseract-OCR specific to spam words. This specialization decreases times and CPU power that it takes to check whether images of mails include spam words. This paper examines the ability of the spam mail filter of Tesseract-OCR by experiment.

Crawley-Boevey and Shaw recently introduced a certain multiplicative analogue of the deformed preprojective algebra, which they called the multiplicative preprojective algebra. In this paper we study the moduli space of (semi)stable representations of such an algebra (the multiplicative quiver variety), which in fact has many similarities to the quiver variety. We show that there exists a complex analytic isomorphism between the nilpotent subvariety of the quiver variety and that of the multiplicative quiver variety (which can be extended to a symplectomorphism between these tubular neighborhoods). We also show that when the quiver is star-shaped, the multiplicative quiver variety parametrizes Simpson's (poly)stable filtered local systems on a punctured Riemann sphere with prescribed filtration type, weight and associated graded local system around each puncture., Comment: 51pages; corrected typos and references; changed font; v4 is the same as v3 except margin

An extracellular xylanase XynI of glycoside hydrolase family 11 from the dimorphic fungus Aureobasidium pullulans ATCC 20524 possesses an N-terminal extension of 34 amino acids (Ohta et al., J. Biosci. Bioeng. 92:262-270, 2001). The N-terminal extension includes three sites (Ala-X-Ala-X-Ala-X-Ala) that are potentially cleavable by signal peptidase I of Escherichia coli. The A. pullulans xynI signal sequence was fused in frame to the mature protein region of the equivalent xylanase gene xynA from the filamentous fungus Penicillium citrinum. The gene fusion xynI::A was inserted into the plasmid pET-26b(+) to yield pEXP401. An E. coli BL21(DE3) transformant harboring the pEXP401 exhibited xylanase activity (per ml of the culture) of 16.8 U in the fraction of culture supernatant as well as 4.29 U in the fraction of cell-free extract after 12 h of growth with isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside at 30°C. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the secreted recombinant proteins revealed cleavage at four distinct sites within the N-terminal extension of XynI, two of which conformed to the Ala-X-Ala motif prior to the cleavage site. The XynA proteins secreted into the culture medium showed high specific activities from 506 to 651 U/mg, which were twofold higher than that of the native enzyme.

Today e-mail is a indispensable communication tool because of wide spread of Internet technology and many spam mails are delivered in the Internet. In order to avoid spam mails, spam filter is used in many mail servers or PC. It checks the content, sending address or so on of a mail and decides whether the mail is a spam mail. After spam filter works well to remove spam mails, spam senders improve the methods of sending spam. Spam filter technology and spam sending method make a vicious circle. Ending this vicious circle needs spam mail characteristics including the change according to spam filter improvement. This paper analyzes spam mails which are saved in the long term in order to obtain spam mail characteristics and reports the result of this analysis.

We present the design, fabrication, and evaluation of a large total-reflection mirror for focusing x-ray free-electron laser beams to nanometer dimensions. We used an elliptical focusing mirror made of silicon that was 400 mm long and had a focal length of 550 mm. Electrolytic in-process dressing grinding was used for initial-step figuring and elastic emission machining was employed for final figuring and surface smoothing. A figure accuracy with a peak-to-valley height of 2 nm was achieved across the entire area. Characterization of the focused beam was performed at BL29XUL of SPring-8. The focused beam size was 75 nm at 15 keV, which is almost equal to the theoretical size.

We present the development of a phase compensator for wavefront control of X-rays. The optical device is a 150 mm-long total reflection mirror, the shape of which can be curved by adjusting the bias voltages of 36 piezoelectric ceramic plates attached to the mirror. The mirror surface was smoothed and made flat by elastic emission machining. To achieve a high degree of the accuracy in the controllability of a curved line, a Fizeau interferometer is placed in front of the mirror surface to monitor its shape in the experiment. We will apply this device to the optical system for the realization of sub-10-nm hard X-ray focusing.

Nature Physics doi:10.1038/nphys1457; published online: 22 November 2009; corrected online: 2 December 2009. In the original article published online, all references to '4 μm downstream' should have been '12 μm downstream'; and in Fig. 3e,f the horizontal scale bar should have been '4 μm'. These changes have been made in all versions of the Letter.

A highly precise adaptive optical system that can be used in the hard X-ray region was developed. To achieve highly precise control of the wavefront shape, we discussed an optical system with a bendable mirror of deformation accuracy better than 0.4 nm RMS. Using the system, we demonstrated the controllability of the wavefront of a 15 nm hard X-ray nanobeam. The intensity profile of the wavefront-modified beam was in good agreement with the wave-optically calculated profile.