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2. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

Marcuzzi, D., Toigo, V., Boldrin, M., Chitarin, G., Dal Bello, S., Grando, L., Luchetta, A., Pasqualotto, R., Pavei, M., Serianni, G., Zanotto, L., Agnello, R., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Aprile, D., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Berton, G., Bigi, M., Brombin, M., Candela, V., Candeloro, V., Canton, A., Casagrande, R., Cavallini, C., Cavazzana, R., Cordaro, L., Cruz, N., Dalla Palma, M., Dan, M., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., De Nardi, M., Denizeau, S., Fadone, M., Fellin, F., Ferro, A., Gaio, E., Gasparrini, C., Gnesotto, F., Jain, P., La Rosa, A., Lopez-Bruna, D., Lorenzini, R., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Manfrin, S., Marconato, N., Mario, I., Martini, G., Milazzo, R., Patton, T., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Poggi, C., Pomaro, N., Pouradier-Duteil, B., Recchia, M., Rigoni-Garola, A., Rizzetto, D., Rizzolo, A., Santoro, F., Sartori, E., Segalini, B., Shepherd, A., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Sottocornola, A., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Tinti, P., Tomsič, P., Trevisan, L., Ugoletti, M., Valente, M., Valisa, M., Veronese, F., Vignando, M., Zaccaria, P., Zagorski, R., Zaniol, B., Zaupa, M., Zuin, M., Cavenago, M., Boilson, D., Rotti, C., Decamps, H., Geli, F., Sharma, A., Veltri, P., Zacks, J., Simon, M., Paolucci, F., Garbuglia, A., Gutierrez, D., Masiello, A., Mico, G., Labate, C., Readman, P., Bragulat, E., Bailly-Maitre, L., Gomez, G., Kouzmenko, G., Albajar, F., Kashiwagi, M., Tobari, H., Kojima, A., Murayama, M., Hatakeyama, S., Oshita, E., Maejima, T., Shibata, N., Yamashita, Y., Watanabe, K., Singh, N.P., Singh, M.J., Dhola, H., Fantz, U., Heinemann, B., Wimmer, C., Wünderlich, D., Tsumori, K., Croci, G., Gorini, G., Muraro, A., Rebai, M., Tardocchi, M., Giacomelli, L., Rigamonti, D., Taccogna, F., Bruno, D., Rutigliano, M., Longo, S., Deambrosis, S., Miorin, E., Montagner, F., Tonti, A., and Panin, F.

Published
2023
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4. RFX-mod2 diagnostic capability enhancements for the exploration of multi-magnetic-configurations

Author

Carraro, L, Zuin, M, Abate, D, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Belpane, A, Berton, G, Bonotto, M, Brombin, M, Cavazzana, R, Cinnirella, L, Ciufo, S, Croci, G, Cordaro, L, D'Isa, F, Dal Bello, S, Dal Molin, A, De Masi, G, Emma, G, Fadone, M, Fassina, A, Fiorucci, D, Franz, P, Grando, L, Guiotto, F, La Matina, M, Marchiori, G, Marconato, N, Mario, I, Marrelli, L, Milazzo, R, Molisani, S, Moresco, M, Muraro, A, Perelli Cippo, E, Peruzzo, S, Porcu, P, Pomaro, N, Puiatti, M, Putignano, O, Rigamonti, D, Rigoni Garola, A, Rizzolo, A, Ruffini, F, Scarin, P, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tardocchi, M, Terranova, D, Ugoletti, M, Valisa, M, Vianello, N, Zaniol, B, Carraro L., Zuin M., Abate D., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Belpane A., Berton G., Bonotto M., Brombin M., Cavazzana R., Cinnirella L., Ciufo S., Croci G., Cordaro L., D'Isa F., Dal Bello S., Dal Molin A., De Masi G., Emma G., Fadone M., Fassina A., Fiorucci D., Franz P., Grando L., Guiotto F., La Matina M., Marchiori G., Marconato N., Mario I., Marrelli L., Milazzo R., Molisani S., Moresco M., Muraro A., Perelli Cippo E., Peruzzo S., Porcu P., Pomaro N., Puiatti M. E., Putignano O., Rigamonti D., Rigoni Garola A., Rizzolo A., Ruffini F., Scarin P., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tardocchi M., Terranova D., Ugoletti M., Valisa M., Vianello N., Zaniol B., Carraro, L, Zuin, M, Abate, D, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Belpane, A, Berton, G, Bonotto, M, Brombin, M, Cavazzana, R, Cinnirella, L, Ciufo, S, Croci, G, Cordaro, L, D'Isa, F, Dal Bello, S, Dal Molin, A, De Masi, G, Emma, G, Fadone, M, Fassina, A, Fiorucci, D, Franz, P, Grando, L, Guiotto, F, La Matina, M, Marchiori, G, Marconato, N, Mario, I, Marrelli, L, Milazzo, R, Molisani, S, Moresco, M, Muraro, A, Perelli Cippo, E, Peruzzo, S, Porcu, P, Pomaro, N, Puiatti, M, Putignano, O, Rigamonti, D, Rigoni Garola, A, Rizzolo, A, Ruffini, F, Scarin, P, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tardocchi, M, Terranova, D, Ugoletti, M, Valisa, M, Vianello, N, Zaniol, B, Carraro L., Zuin M., Abate D., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Belpane A., Berton G., Bonotto M., Brombin M., Cavazzana R., Cinnirella L., Ciufo S., Croci G., Cordaro L., D'Isa F., Dal Bello S., Dal Molin A., De Masi G., Emma G., Fadone M., Fassina A., Fiorucci D., Franz P., Grando L., Guiotto F., La Matina M., Marchiori G., Marconato N., Mario I., Marrelli L., Milazzo R., Molisani S., Moresco M., Muraro A., Perelli Cippo E., Peruzzo S., Porcu P., Pomaro N., Puiatti M. E., Putignano O., Rigamonti D., Rigoni Garola A., Rizzolo A., Ruffini F., Scarin P., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tardocchi M., Terranova D., Ugoletti M., Valisa M., Vianello N., and Zaniol B.

Abstract

The RFX-mod2 device, the upgraded version of the previous RFX-mod with a modified magnetic boundary, is presently under realization and will start to be operated in 2025. Significant upgrades of the diagnostic capabilities have been proposed and are under development. These include a largely increased number of in-vessel magnetic and electrostatic sensors, a new fast reciprocating manipulator for the exploration of the edge plasma in a wide range of experimental conditions, the improved Thomson scattering and soft x-ray diagnostics system for a detailed determination of the behavior of the electron temperature profile, new dedicated systems for the space and time resolved analysis of x-ray spectra and neutron rate, a reflectometric diagnostic for real-time determination of plasma position, two diagnostics devoted to the imaging of light impurities and influxes behavior along with arrays of halo current sensors. These diagnostic upgrades will be accompanied by a significant effort to improve the control of the electron density and of the impurity influxes by means of proper treatment of plasma facing components with in-vessel fixed electrodes distributed over the first wall. The described advancements will allow a deeper understanding of physics phenomena in the wide variety of magnetic configurations, including the tokamak, the reversed-field pinch and the Ultra-low q, which can be produced in RFX-mod2 thanks to its flexibility and unique MHD control capabilities.

Published
2024

5. EUROfusion contributions to ITER nuclear operation.

Author

Litaudon, X., Fantz, U., Villari, R., Toigo, V., Aumeunier, M.-H., Autran, J.-L., Batistoni, P., Belonohy, E., Bradnam, S., Cecchetto, M., Colangeli, A., Dacquait, F., Dal Bello, S., Dentan, M., De Pietri, M., Eriksson, J., Fabbri, M., Falchetto, G., Figini, L., and Figueiredo, J.

Subjects
TRITIUM, NEUTRON irradiation, RESEARCH reactors, NEUTRAL beams, NEUTRON flux, BLOOD volume, ARTIFICIAL intelligence, HYDROGEN ions
Abstract

ITER is of key importance in the European fusion roadmap as it aims to prove the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion as a future energy source. The EUROfusion consortium of labs within Europe is contributing to the preparation of ITER scientific exploitation and operation and aspires to exploit ITER outcomes in view of DEMO. The paper provides an overview of the major progress obtained recently, carried out in the frame of the new (initiated in 2021) EUROfusion work-package called ' Pr eparation of I TER O peration' (PrIO). The overview paper is directly supported by the eleven EUROfusion PrIO contributions given at the 29th Fusion Energy Conference (16–21 October 2023) London, UK [www.iaea.org/events/fec2023]. The paper covers the following topics: (i) development and validation of tools in support to ITER operation (plasma breakdown/burn-through with evolving plasma volume, new infra-red synthetic diagnostic for off-line analysis and wall monitoring using Artificial Intelligence techniques, synthetic diagnostics development, development and exploitation of multi-machine databases); (ii) R&D for the radio-frequency ITER neutral beam sources leading to long duration of negative deuterium/hydrogen ions current extraction at ELISE and participation in the neutral beam test facility with progress on the ITER source SPIDER, and, the commissioning of the 1 MV high voltage accelerator (MITICA) with lessons learned for ITER; (iii) validation of neutronic tools for ITER nuclear operation following the second JET deuterium–tritium experimental campaigns carried out in 2021 and in 2023 (neutron streaming and shutdown dose rate calculation, water activation and activated corrosion products with advanced fluid dynamic simulation; irradiation of several materials under 14.1 MeV neutron flux etc). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Optimizing the ITER NBI ion source by dedicated RF driver test stand

Author

Mario, I., primary, Pimazzoni, A., additional, Sartori, E., additional, Pouradier-Duteil, B., additional, Sheperd, A., additional, Denizeau, S., additional, Casagrande, R., additional, Agnello, R., additional, Agostini, M., additional, Aprile, D., additional, Barbato, P., additional, Baseggio, L., additional, Battistella, M., additional, Berton, G., additional, Boldrin, M., additional, Brombin, M., additional, Candeloro, V., additional, Carraro, M., additional, Cinetto, P., additional, Dal Bello, S., additional, Delogu, R., additional, Fadone, M., additional, Fellin, F., additional, Fincato, M., additional, Franchin, L., additional, Friso, D., additional, Grando, L., additional, La Rosa, A., additional, Laterza, B., additional, López-Bruna, D., additional, Magagna, M., additional, Maniero, M., additional, Marconato, N., additional, Pasqualotto, R., additional, Passalacqua, G., additional, Pavei, M., additional, Poggi, C., additional, Ravarotto, D., additional, Rigoni-Garola, A., additional, Romanato, L., additional, Rossetto, F., additional, Segalini, B., additional, Sonato, P., additional, Taliercio, C., additional, Toigo, V., additional, Tollin, M., additional, Ugoletti, M., additional, Vignando, M., additional, Zagórski, R., additional, Zaniol, B., additional, Zaupa, M., additional, Zella, D., additional, Zerbetto, E., additional, Zucchetti, S., additional, Zuin, E., additional, and Serianni, G., additional

Published
2024
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8. The new vessel complex for the RFX-mod2 experiment: An effective synergy between fusion research and technological development

Author

Peruzzo, S, Aprile, D, Dalla Palma, M, Pavei, M, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Abate, D, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Andreani, R, Anselmi, F, Battistin, F, Bernardi, A, Bernardi, M, Berton, G, Bettini, P, Bigi, M, Bonotto, M, Brombin, M, Canton, A, Carraro, L, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Corniani, G, Dal Bello, S, De Lorenzi, A, De Masi, G, Degli Agostini, F, Franchin, L, Franz, P, Gambetta, G, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Innocente, P, Laterza, B, Lotto, L, Manfrin, S, Marchiori, G, Marconato, N, Marcuzzi, D, Marrelli, L, Martines, E, Moresco, M, Novella, A, Piovan, R, Pomaro, N, Rossetto, F, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Terranova, D, Tiso, A, Trevisan, L, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Peruzzo S., Aprile D., Dalla Palma M., Pavei M., Rizzetto D., Rizzolo A., Abate D., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Andreani R., Anselmi F., Battistin F., Bernardi A., Bernardi M., Berton G., Bettini P., Bigi M. A., Bonotto M., Brombin M., Canton A., Carraro L., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Corniani G., Dal Bello S., De Lorenzi A., De Masi G., Degli Agostini F., Franchin L., Franz P., Gambetta G., Gnesotto F., Grando L., Innocente P., Laterza B., Lotto L., Manfrin S., Marchiori G., Marconato N., Marcuzzi D., Marrelli L., Martines E., Moresco M., Novella A., Piovan R., Pomaro N., Rossetto F., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Terranova D., Tiso A., Trevisan L., Valente M., Valisa M., Zaupa M., Zuin M., Peruzzo, S, Aprile, D, Dalla Palma, M, Pavei, M, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Abate, D, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Andreani, R, Anselmi, F, Battistin, F, Bernardi, A, Bernardi, M, Berton, G, Bettini, P, Bigi, M, Bonotto, M, Brombin, M, Canton, A, Carraro, L, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Corniani, G, Dal Bello, S, De Lorenzi, A, De Masi, G, Degli Agostini, F, Franchin, L, Franz, P, Gambetta, G, Gnesotto, F, Grando, L, Innocente, P, Laterza, B, Lotto, L, Manfrin, S, Marchiori, G, Marconato, N, Marcuzzi, D, Marrelli, L, Martines, E, Moresco, M, Novella, A, Piovan, R, Pomaro, N, Rossetto, F, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Terranova, D, Tiso, A, Trevisan, L, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Peruzzo S., Aprile D., Dalla Palma M., Pavei M., Rizzetto D., Rizzolo A., Abate D., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Andreani R., Anselmi F., Battistin F., Bernardi A., Bernardi M., Berton G., Bettini P., Bigi M. A., Bonotto M., Brombin M., Canton A., Carraro L., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Corniani G., Dal Bello S., De Lorenzi A., De Masi G., Degli Agostini F., Franchin L., Franz P., Gambetta G., Gnesotto F., Grando L., Innocente P., Laterza B., Lotto L., Manfrin S., Marchiori G., Marconato N., Marcuzzi D., Marrelli L., Martines E., Moresco M., Novella A., Piovan R., Pomaro N., Rossetto F., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Terranova D., Tiso A., Trevisan L., Valente M., Valisa M., Zaupa M., and Zuin M.

Published
2023

9. Highlights of recent SPIDER results and improvements

Author

Sartori, E, Agnello, R, Agostini, M, Barbisan, M, Bigi, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Candeloro, V, Casagrande, R, Dal Bello, S, Dan, M, Pouradier Duteil, B, Fadone, M, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Mario, I, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Rizzolo, A, Shepherd, A, Ugoletti, M, Veltri, P, Zaniol, B, Agostinetti, P, Aprile, D, Berton, G, Cavallini, C, Cavenago, M, Chitarin, G, Croci, G, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, De Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Luchetta, A, Lunardon, F, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Marcuzzi, D, Mccormack, O, Milazzo, R, Muraro, A, Patton, T, Pilan, N, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Santoro, F, Segalini, B, Siragusa, M, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Toigo, V, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Serianni, G, Sartori E., Agnello R., Agostini M., Barbisan M., Bigi M., Boldrin M., Brombin M., Candeloro V., Casagrande R., Dal Bello S., Dan M., Pouradier Duteil B., Fadone M., Grando L., Jain P., Maistrello A., Mario I., Pasqualotto R., Pavei M., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Rizzolo A., Shepherd A., Ugoletti M., Veltri P., Zaniol B., Agostinetti P., Aprile D., Berton G., Cavallini C., Cavenago M., Chitarin G., Croci G., Delogu R., De Muri M., De Nardi M., Denizeau S., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparrini C., Luchetta A., Lunardon F., Manduchi G., Marconato N., Marcuzzi D., McCormack O., Milazzo R., Muraro A., Patton T., Pilan N., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Santoro F., Segalini B., Siragusa M., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Toigo V., Zaccaria P., Zagorski R., Zanotto L., Zaupa M., Zuin M., Serianni G., Sartori, E, Agnello, R, Agostini, M, Barbisan, M, Bigi, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Candeloro, V, Casagrande, R, Dal Bello, S, Dan, M, Pouradier Duteil, B, Fadone, M, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Mario, I, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Rizzolo, A, Shepherd, A, Ugoletti, M, Veltri, P, Zaniol, B, Agostinetti, P, Aprile, D, Berton, G, Cavallini, C, Cavenago, M, Chitarin, G, Croci, G, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, De Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Luchetta, A, Lunardon, F, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Marcuzzi, D, Mccormack, O, Milazzo, R, Muraro, A, Patton, T, Pilan, N, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Santoro, F, Segalini, B, Siragusa, M, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Toigo, V, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Serianni, G, Sartori E., Agnello R., Agostini M., Barbisan M., Bigi M., Boldrin M., Brombin M., Candeloro V., Casagrande R., Dal Bello S., Dan M., Pouradier Duteil B., Fadone M., Grando L., Jain P., Maistrello A., Mario I., Pasqualotto R., Pavei M., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Rizzolo A., Shepherd A., Ugoletti M., Veltri P., Zaniol B., Agostinetti P., Aprile D., Berton G., Cavallini C., Cavenago M., Chitarin G., Croci G., Delogu R., De Muri M., De Nardi M., Denizeau S., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparrini C., Luchetta A., Lunardon F., Manduchi G., Marconato N., Marcuzzi D., McCormack O., Milazzo R., Muraro A., Patton T., Pilan N., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Santoro F., Segalini B., Siragusa M., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Toigo V., Zaccaria P., Zagorski R., Zanotto L., Zaupa M., Zuin M., and Serianni G.

Abstract

Three years of experiments on SPIDER allowed characterization of the main features of the source plasma and of the negative ion beam, in the original design configuration. For the large dimensions of the source chamber, and of the extraction area, the investigation of the single-beamlet currents and of the source plasma uniformity had to be carried out to extend the knowledge gained in smaller prototype sources. The configuration of the multiple RF drivers and filter field topologies were found to cause a peculiar behavior in the plasma confinement in the drivers, creating left-right asymmetries which were also visible in the extracted negative ion currents, even after the early implementation of a new scheme of plasma-grid current send and return busbars that greatly improved performance at high filter fields. The plasma properties in the driver and expansion region as well as the positive ion energy at the extraction region were studied in different experimental conditions, and interpreted also with the support of numerical models, suggesting that an improved plasma confinement could contribute to the increase of the plasma density, and to a certain extent to a lowering of the plasma potential profile; both effects shall contribute to increase the presence of cold negative ions for the formation of low-divergence beamlets. Early results related to unwanted RF discharges on the back of the plasma source and the gas conductance of the beam source suggested the reduction of the vessel pressure as mitigation, leading to the definition of a new pumping system. The difficulties related to the simultaneous operation, stable control and high-power operation of multiple RF self-oscillating vacuum tube based RF generators were an unambiguous obstruction to the experimentation, calling for the implementation of RF solid-state amplifiers. The initial tests related to caesium management, the non-uniform plasma properties at different locations across the plasma grid, and the c

Published
2023

10. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

Marcuzzi, D, Toigo, V, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Serianni, G, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candela, V, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, De Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, La Rosa, A, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Mario, I, Martini, G, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Santoro, F, Sartori, E, Segalini, B, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Veronese, F, Vignando, M, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Decamps, H, Geli, F, Sharma, A, Veltri, P, Zacks, J, Simon, M, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Gutierrez, D, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Labate, C, Readman, P, Bragulat, E, Bailly-Maitre, L, Gomez, G, Kouzmenko, G, Albajar, F, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Kojima, A, Murayama, M, Hatakeyama, S, Oshita, E, Maejima, T, Shibata, N, Yamashita, Y, Watanabe, K, Singh, N, Singh, M, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, Longo, S, Deambrosis, S, Miorin, E, Montagner, F, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Marcuzzi D., Toigo V., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Dal Bello S., Grando L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Pavei M., Serianni G., Zanotto L., Agnello R., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Berton G., Bigi M., Brombin M., Candela V., Candeloro V., Canton A., Casagrande R., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Cruz N., Dalla Palma M., Dan M., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., De Nardi M., Denizeau S., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparrini C., Gnesotto F., Jain P., La Rosa A., Lopez-Bruna D., Lorenzini R., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marconato N., Mario I., Martini G., Milazzo R., Patton T., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Pomaro N., Pouradier-Duteil B., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Rizzetto D., Rizzolo A., Santoro F., Sartori E., Segalini B., Shepherd A., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tinti P., Tomsic P., Trevisan L., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Valisa M., Veronese F., Vignando M., Zaccaria P., Zagorski R., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Zuin M., Cavenago M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Decamps H., Geli F., Sharma A., Veltri P., Zacks J., Simon M., Paolucci F., Garbuglia A., Gutierrez D., Masiello A., Mico G., Labate C., Readman P., Bragulat E., Bailly-Maitre L., Gomez G., Kouzmenko G., Albajar F., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Kojima A., Murayama M., Hatakeyama S., Oshita E., Maejima T., Shibata N., Yamashita Y., Watanabe K., Singh N. P., Singh M. J., Dhola H., Fantz U., Heinemann B., Wimmer C., Wunderlich D., Tsumori K., Croci G., Gorini G., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., Giacomelli L., Rigamonti D., Taccogna F., Bruno D., Rutigliano M., Longo S., Deambrosis S., Miorin E., Montagner F., Tonti A., Panin F., Marcuzzi, D, Toigo, V, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Serianni, G, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candela, V, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, De Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, La Rosa, A, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Mario, I, Martini, G, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Santoro, F, Sartori, E, Segalini, B, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Veronese, F, Vignando, M, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Decamps, H, Geli, F, Sharma, A, Veltri, P, Zacks, J, Simon, M, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Gutierrez, D, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Labate, C, Readman, P, Bragulat, E, Bailly-Maitre, L, Gomez, G, Kouzmenko, G, Albajar, F, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Kojima, A, Murayama, M, Hatakeyama, S, Oshita, E, Maejima, T, Shibata, N, Yamashita, Y, Watanabe, K, Singh, N, Singh, M, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, Longo, S, Deambrosis, S, Miorin, E, Montagner, F, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Marcuzzi D., Toigo V., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Dal Bello S., Grando L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Pavei M., Serianni G., Zanotto L., Agnello R., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Berton G., Bigi M., Brombin M., Candela V., Candeloro V., Canton A., Casagrande R., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Cruz N., Dalla Palma M., Dan M., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., De Nardi M., Denizeau S., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparrini C., Gnesotto F., Jain P., La Rosa A., Lopez-Bruna D., Lorenzini R., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marconato N., Mario I., Martini G., Milazzo R., Patton T., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Pomaro N., Pouradier-Duteil B., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Rizzetto D., Rizzolo A., Santoro F., Sartori E., Segalini B., Shepherd A., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tinti P., Tomsic P., Trevisan L., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Valisa M., Veronese F., Vignando M., Zaccaria P., Zagorski R., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Zuin M., Cavenago M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Decamps H., Geli F., Sharma A., Veltri P., Zacks J., Simon M., Paolucci F., Garbuglia A., Gutierrez D., Masiello A., Mico G., Labate C., Readman P., Bragulat E., Bailly-Maitre L., Gomez G., Kouzmenko G., Albajar F., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Kojima A., Murayama M., Hatakeyama S., Oshita E., Maejima T., Shibata N., Yamashita Y., Watanabe K., Singh N. P., Singh M. J., Dhola H., Fantz U., Heinemann B., Wimmer C., Wunderlich D., Tsumori K., Croci G., Gorini G., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., Giacomelli L., Rigamonti D., Taccogna F., Bruno D., Rutigliano M., Longo S., Deambrosis S., Miorin E., Montagner F., Tonti A., and Panin F.

Abstract

ITER envisages the use of two heating neutral beam injectors plus an optional one as part of the auxiliary heating and current drive system, to reach the desired performances during its various phases of operation. The 16.5 MW expected neutral beam power per injector is several notches higher than worldwide existing facilities. In order to enable such development, a Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was established at Consorzio RFX, exploiting the synergy of two test beds, called SPIDER and MITICA. SPIDER is dedicated developing and characterizing large efficient negative ion sources at relevant parameters in ITER-like conditions: source and accelerator located in the same vacuum where the beam propagates, immunity to electromagnetic interferences of multiple radio-frequency (RF) antennas, avoidance of RF-induced discharges on the outside of the source. Three years of experiments on SPIDER have addressed to the necessary design modifications to enable full performances. The source is presently under a long shut-down phase to incorporate learnings from the experimental campaign, in particular events/issues occurred during operation, which led to the identification of improvement opportunities/necessities (e.g. RF discharges, local burns, water leaks, other damages, configuration/design upgrades to maximize chances/margin to quest target parameters). Parallelly, developments on MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER Neutral Beam Injector (NBI) featuring a 1 MV accelerator and ion neutralization, are underway including manufacturing of the beam source, accelerator and the beam line components, while power supplies and auxiliary plants, already installed, are under final testing and commissioning. Integration, commissioning and tests of the 1 MV power supplies are essential for this first-of-kind system, unparalleled both in research and industry field. 1.2 MV dc insulating tests of high voltage components were successfully completed. The integrated test to confir

Published
2023

11. SPIDER in the roadmap of the ITER neutral beams

Author

Serianni, G., Toigo, V., Bigi, M., Boldrin, M., Chitarin, G., Dal Bello, S., Grando, L., Luchetta, A., Marcuzzi, D., Pasqualotto, R., Pomaro, N., Zaccaria, P., Zanotto, L., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Antoni, V., Aprile, D., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Brombin, M., Cavazzana, R., Dalla Palma, M., Dan, M., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., Denizeau, S., Fadone, M., Fellin, F., Ferbel, L., Ferro, A., Gaio, E., Gambetta, G., Gasparini, F., Gnesotto, F., Jain, P., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Manfrin, S., Marchiori, G., Marconato, N., Moresco, M., Patton, T., Pavei, M., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Piovan, R., Poggi, C., Recchia, M., Rizzolo, A., Rostagni, G., Sartori, E., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Tinti, P., Ugoletti, M., Valente, M., Zamengo, A., Zaniol, B., Zaupa, M., Baltador, C., Cavenago, M., Boilson, D., Rotti, C., Veltri, P., Bonicelli, T., Paolucci, F., Muriel, S., Masiello, A., Chakraborty, A., Patel, H., Singh, N.P., Fantz, U., Heinemann, B., Kraus, W., Kashiwagi, M., and Tsumori, K.

Published
2019
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13. Spider beam source ready for operation

Author

Pavei, M., Marcuzzi, D., Zaccaria, P., Agostinetti, P., Aprile, D., Barzon, A., Baseggio, L., Bernardi, M., Bigi, M., Boldrin, M., Brombin, M., Cervaro, V., Chitarin, G., Dal Bello, S., Degli Agostini, F., Fasolo, D., Franchin, L., Gambetta, G., Garbuglia, A., Geli, F., Graceffa, J., Grando, L., Laterza, B., Masiello, A., Pasqualotto, R., Recchia, M., Rizzolo, A., Rossetto, F., Serianni, G., Sottocornola, A., Spolaore, M., Tiso, A., Toigo, V., Tollin, M., Zamengo, A., and Zanotto, L.

Published
2019
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15. Innovative Concepts in the DTT Neutral Beam Injector

Author

Agostinetti, P., Benedetti, E., Bonifetto, R., Bonesso, M., Calabro, G., Cavenago, M., Crisanti, F., Dal Bello, S., Dalla Palma, M., D'Ambrosio, D., Dima, R., Favero, G., Ferro, A., Fincato, M., Grando, L., Granucci, G., Lombroni, R., Marsilio, R., Murari, A., Patton, T., Pepato, A., Raffaelli, F., Rebesan, P., Recchia, M., Ripani, M., Romano, A., Sartori, E., Scarpari, M., Variale, V., Ventura, G., Veronese, F., Zanino, R., Zappatore, A., and Zavarise, G.

Abstract

The main purpose of the divertor tokamak test (DTT) facility is to study alternative solutions to mitigate the issue of the power exhaust, under integrated physics and technical conditions relevant to ITER and DEMO. One of the most complex and innovative subsystems of the entire project is certainly the negative-ion-based neutral beam injector (NBI), meant to inject 10 MW of auxiliary power with a beam of 510 keV deuterium neutrals. This contribution describes the conceptual design of the beamline for the DTT NBI system, with a particular focus on the innovative technical solutions adopted to fulfill the requirements and maximize the performance. The DTT NBI is required to operate with high efficiency in several operating scenarios, covering a large range of beam energies, between 10% and 100% of the nominal value (510 keV). To reach this challenging goal, an innovative accelerator design, the spherical and lemon hyperlens grids (SLHGs), has been developed. The implementation of this design concept of the accelerator has recently become possible thanks to recent improvements in additive manufacturing (AM) technology. Another original aspect of the DTT NBI, compared to existing devices, regards the vacuum pumping system, which will be based on nonevaporable getter (NEG) pumps. This will represent the first application of the NEG technology to an NBI for the heating and current drive system of a fusion experiment, with a possible simplification of the overall construction, with respect to typical solutions based on cryogenic pumps. Other innovative solutions are the cylindrical sawtooth structure (CSS) for the neutralizer panels and the stray field shielding system (SFSS) with encapsulated neutralizer. This article provides an overview of the injector for DTT NBI with a particular focus on innovative technical solutions.

Published
2024
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17. Highlights of recent SPIDER results and improvements

Author

Sartori, E., primary, Agnello, R., additional, Agostini, M., additional, Barbisan, M., additional, Bigi, M., additional, Boldrin, M., additional, Brombin, M., additional, Candeloro, V., additional, Casagrande, R., additional, Dal Bello, S., additional, Dan, M., additional, Pouradier Duteil, B., additional, Fadone, M., additional, Grando, L., additional, Jain, P., additional, Maistrello, A., additional, Mario, I., additional, Pasqualotto, R., additional, Pavei, M., additional, Pimazzoni, A., additional, Poggi, C., additional, Rizzolo, A., additional, Shepherd, A., additional, Ugoletti, M., additional, Veltri, P., additional, Zaniol, B., additional, Agostinetti, P., additional, Aprile, D., additional, Berton, G., additional, Cavallini, C., additional, Cavenago, M., additional, Chitarin, G., additional, Croci, G., additional, Delogu, R., additional, De Muri, M., additional, De Nardi, M., additional, Denizeau, S., additional, Fellin, F., additional, Ferro, A., additional, Gaio, E., additional, Gasparrini, C., additional, Luchetta, A., additional, Lunardon, F., additional, Manduchi, G., additional, Marconato, N., additional, Marcuzzi, D., additional, McCormack, O., additional, Milazzo, R., additional, Muraro, A., additional, Patton, T., additional, Pilan, N., additional, Recchia, M., additional, Rigoni-Garola, A., additional, Santoro, F., additional, Segalini, B., additional, Siragusa, M., additional, Spolaore, M., additional, Taliercio, C., additional, Toigo, V., additional, Zaccaria, P., additional, Zagorski, R., additional, Zanotto, L., additional, Zaupa, M., additional, Zuin, M., additional, and Serianni, G., additional

Published
2023
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18. A substantial step forward in the realization of the ITER HNB system: The ITER NBI Test Facility

Author

Toigo, V., Piovan, R., Dal Bello, S., Gaio, E., Luchetta, A., Pasqualotto, R., Zaccaria, P., Bigi, M., Chitarin, G., Marcuzzi, D., Pomaro, N., Serianni, G., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Antoni, V., Aprile, D., Baltador, C., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Boldrin, M., Brombin, M., Dalla Palma, M., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., Fellin, F., Ferro, A., Finotti, C., Fiorentin, A., Gambetta, G., Gnesotto, F., Grando, L., Jain, P., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Marconato, N., Moresco, M., Ocello, E., Pavei, M., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Recchia, M., Rizzolo, A., Rostagni, G., Sartori, E., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Sottocornola, A., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Valente, M., Veltri, P., Zamengo, A., Zaniol, B., Zanotto, L., Zaupa, M., Boilson, D., Graceffa, J., Svensson, L., Schunke, B, Decamps, H., Urbani, M., Kushwah, M, Chareyre, J, Singh, M., Bonicelli, T., Agarici, G., Masiello, A., Paolucci, F., Simon, M., Bailly-Maitre, L, Bragulat, E., Gomez, G., Gutierrez, D., Mico, G., Moreno, J.-F., Pilard, V., Kashiwagi, M., Hanada, M., Tobari, H., Watanabe, K., Maeshima, T., Kojima, A., Umeda, N., Yamanaka, H., Chakraborty, A., Baruah, U., Rotti, C., Patel, H., Nagaraju, M.V., Singh, N.P., Patel, A., Dhola, H., Raval, B., Fantz, U., Heinemann, B., Kraus, W., Hanke, S., Hauer, V., Ochoa, S., Blatchford, P., Chuilon, B., Xue, Y., De Esch, H.P.L., Hemsworth, R., Croci, G., Gorini, G., Rebai, M., Muraro, A., Cavenago, M., D'Arienzo, M., and Sandri, S.

Published
2017
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19. Design of a large nonevaporable getter pump for the full size ITER beam source prototype

Author

Sartori, E., primary, Siragusa, M., additional, Berton, G., additional, Cavallini, C., additional, Dal Bello, S., additional, Fadone, M., additional, Grando, L., additional, Marcuzzi, D., additional, Rizzetto, D., additional, Serianni, G., additional, Sonato, P., additional, Zaupa, M., additional, Dinh, F., additional, Ferrara, A., additional, Maccallini, E., additional, Mura, M., additional, Siviero, F., additional, and Toigo, V., additional

Published
2023
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22. Status of SPIDER beam source after the first 3.5 years of operation

Author

Pavei, M., Gasparrini, C., Berton, G., Agostini, M., Candela, V., Candeloro, V., Cavallini, C., Dan, M., Denizeau, S., Fadone, M., Duteil, B. Pouradier, La Rosa, A., Marconato, N., Segalini, B., Spolaore, M., Deambrosis, S., Miorin, E., Montagner, F., Badocco, D., Pastore, P., Nocentini, R., Dal Bello, S., Grando, L., Boldrin, M., Marcuzzi, D., Rizzolo, A., Sartori, E., Sonato, P., and Serianni, G.

Subjects
design, coating, particles interaction, caesium, neutral beam injectors, materials degradation
Abstract

SPIDER is the negative ion source testbed for ITER neutral beam injector. It is currently the largest negative ion source ever built, equipped with a 100 keV accelerator, aiming at producing a negative ion beam with an extracted current density in hydrogen of 355 A/m2, beam-on time of one hour. During the first 3.5 years of operation several improvements on the SPIDER source and its operating conditions were implemented. This paper focuses on the description of materials degradation phenomena in SPIDER and on the lessons learnt that were derived from components inspection during the already planned shutdown in 2022. The aim of these inspections was to improve the design of some components and to repair or refurbish damaged components. In particular, this paper describes the characterisation of damaged molybdenum coating, testing of surface cleaning techniques and experimental evidence of caesium vapour uneven distribution inside the plasma chamber. Sputtering due to beam particles was also investigated experimentally to observe its effect on materials used in SPIDER.

Published
2023

26. First operations with caesium of the negative ion source SPIDER

Author

Sartori, E., primary, Agostini, M., additional, Barbisan, M., additional, Bigi, M., additional, Boldrin, M., additional, Brombin, M., additional, Casagrande, R., additional, Dal Bello, S., additional, Dan, M., additional, Duteil, B.P., additional, Fadone, M., additional, Grando, L., additional, Maistrello, A., additional, Pavei, M., additional, Pimazzoni, A., additional, Poggi, C., additional, Rizzolo, A., additional, Shepherd, A., additional, Ugoletti, M., additional, Veltri, P., additional, Zaniol, B., additional, Agnello, R., additional, Agostinetti, P., additional, Antoni, V., additional, Aprile, D., additional, Candeloro, V., additional, Cavallini, C., additional, Cavazzana, R., additional, Cavenago, M., additional, Chitarin, G., additional, Cristofaro, S., additional, Dalla Palma, M., additional, Delogu, R., additional, De Muri, M., additional, Denizeau, S., additional, Fellin, F., additional, Ferro, A., additional, Gasparrini, C., additional, Jain, P., additional, Luchetta, A., additional, Manduchi, G., additional, Marconato, N., additional, Marcuzzi, D., additional, Mario, I., additional, Milazzo, R., additional, Pasqualotto, R., additional, Patton, T., additional, Pilan, N., additional, Recchia, M., additional, Rigoni-Garola, A., additional, Segalini, B., additional, Siragusa, M., additional, Spolaore, M., additional, Taliercio, C., additional, Toigo, V., additional, Zagorski, R., additional, Zanotto, L., additional, Zaupa, M., additional, Zuin, M., additional, and Serianni, G., additional

Published
2022
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27. Conceptual design of a cooling system for a new NEG vacuum pumps system of the SPIDER experiment

Author

Fellin F., Berton G., Cavallini C., Dal Bello S., Grando L., Rizzetto D., Rizzolo A., Siragusa M., Trevisan L., and Zaupa M.

Subjects
ITER, NEG vacuum pumps, SPIDER, Neutral Beam Injectors
Abstract

SPIDER is the 100 keV full-size Ion Source prototype of the ITER Neutral Beam Injectors and it is operating at Consorzio RFX in Padova, Italy. After one and half year experiment, necessity of increase the vessel vacuum level has been recognized, in order to overcome some limitations to the operative limits and fulfill the full experiment performance. The existing vacuum system is based on standard forevacuum, turbomolecular and cryogenic pumps. The upgrade of the vacuum pumping system is based on the addition of Non Evaporable Getter (NEG) pump, composed by 512 cartridges. The NEG are arranged in 16 x 32 modules and will be housed in an extension module of the existing SPIDER vacuum vessel. Each NEG cartridge requires to be heated up to 600°C to regenerate the getter material for 72 hours by electrical heaters (180 kW, total power). Thus, an active cooling system is necessary to protect the SPIDER components and VV from excessive heat during the regeneration process by means of copper thermal shields and cooling channels. This paper deals about the design and sizing of the dedicated cooling system.

Published
2022

32. Progress in the ITER neutral beam test facility

Author

Toigo, V, Dal Bello, S, Bigi, M, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Marcuzzi, D, Pasqualotto, R, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Zaccaria, P, Zanotto, L, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Brombin, M, Cavazzana, R, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, Denizeau, S, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Gaio, E, Gambetta, G, Gasparini, F, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marchiori, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Patton, T, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Piovan, R, Poggi, C, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Veltri, P, Chareyre, J, Decamps, H, Dremel, M, Graceffa, J, Geli, F, Schunke, B, Svensson, L, Urbani, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Garbuglia, A, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly-Maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Labate, C, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kouzmenko, G, Rousseau, A, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Sasaki, S, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Patel, H, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Gupta, V, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Cavenago, M, Hanke, S, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, D'Arienzo, M, Sandri, S, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Toigo V., Dal Bello S., Bigi M., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Grando L., Luchetta A., Marcuzzi D., Pasqualotto R., Pomaro N., Serianni G., Zaccaria P., Zanotto L., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Antoni V., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Brombin M., Cavazzana R., Dalla Palma M., Dan M., Denizeau S., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Fiorentin A., Gaio E., Gambetta G., Gasparini F., Gnesotto F., Jain P., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marchiori G., Marconato N., Moresco M., Ocello E., Patton T., Pavei M., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Piovan R., Poggi C., Recchia M., Rizzolo A., Rostagni G., Sartori E., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tinti P., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Zamengo A., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Veltri P., Chareyre J., Decamps H., Dremel M., Graceffa J., Geli F., Schunke B., Svensson L., Urbani M., Bonicelli T., Agarici G., Garbuglia A., Masiello A., Paolucci F., Simon M., Bailly-Maitre L., Bragulat E., Gomez G., Gutierrez D., Labate C., Mico G., Moreno J. F., Pilard V., Kouzmenko G., Rousseau A., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Watanabe K., Maejima T., Kojima A., Umeda N., Sasaki S., Chakraborty A., Baruah U., Patel H., Singh N. P., Patel A., Dhola H., Raval B., Gupta V., Fantz U., Heinemann B., Kraus W., Cavenago M., Hanke S., Ochoa S., Blatchford P., Chuilon B., Xue Y., Croci G., Gorini G., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., D'Arienzo M., Sandri S., Tonti A., Panin F., Toigo, V, Dal Bello, S, Bigi, M, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Marcuzzi, D, Pasqualotto, R, Pomaro, N, Serianni, G, Zaccaria, P, Zanotto, L, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Antoni, V, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Brombin, M, Cavazzana, R, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, Denizeau, S, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Fiorentin, A, Gaio, E, Gambetta, G, Gasparini, F, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marchiori, G, Marconato, N, Moresco, M, Ocello, E, Patton, T, Pavei, M, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Piovan, R, Poggi, C, Recchia, M, Rizzolo, A, Rostagni, G, Sartori, E, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Zamengo, A, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Veltri, P, Chareyre, J, Decamps, H, Dremel, M, Graceffa, J, Geli, F, Schunke, B, Svensson, L, Urbani, M, Bonicelli, T, Agarici, G, Garbuglia, A, Masiello, A, Paolucci, F, Simon, M, Bailly-Maitre, L, Bragulat, E, Gomez, G, Gutierrez, D, Labate, C, Mico, G, Moreno, J, Pilard, V, Kouzmenko, G, Rousseau, A, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Watanabe, K, Maejima, T, Kojima, A, Umeda, N, Sasaki, S, Chakraborty, A, Baruah, U, Patel, H, Singh, N, Patel, A, Dhola, H, Raval, B, Gupta, V, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Cavenago, M, Hanke, S, Ochoa, S, Blatchford, P, Chuilon, B, Xue, Y, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, D'Arienzo, M, Sandri, S, Tonti, A, Panin, F, Toigo V., Dal Bello S., Bigi M., Boldrin M., Chitarin G., Grando L., Luchetta A., Marcuzzi D., Pasqualotto R., Pomaro N., Serianni G., Zaccaria P., Zanotto L., Agostinetti P., Agostini M., Antoni V., Aprile D., Barbisan M., Battistella M., Brombin M., Cavazzana R., Dalla Palma M., Dan M., Denizeau S., De Lorenzi A., Delogu R., De Muri M., Fadone M., Fellin F., Ferro A., Fiorentin A., Gaio E., Gambetta G., Gasparini F., Gnesotto F., Jain P., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marchiori G., Marconato N., Moresco M., Ocello E., Patton T., Pavei M., Peruzzo S., Pilan N., Pimazzoni A., Piovan R., Poggi C., Recchia M., Rizzolo A., Rostagni G., Sartori E., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Sottocornola A., Spada E., Spagnolo S., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Tinti P., Ugoletti M., Valente M., Zamengo A., Zaniol B., Zaupa M., Boilson D., Rotti C., Veltri P., Chareyre J., Decamps H., Dremel M., Graceffa J., Geli F., Schunke B., Svensson L., Urbani M., Bonicelli T., Agarici G., Garbuglia A., Masiello A., Paolucci F., Simon M., Bailly-Maitre L., Bragulat E., Gomez G., Gutierrez D., Labate C., Mico G., Moreno J. F., Pilard V., Kouzmenko G., Rousseau A., Kashiwagi M., Tobari H., Watanabe K., Maejima T., Kojima A., Umeda N., Sasaki S., Chakraborty A., Baruah U., Patel H., Singh N. P., Patel A., Dhola H., Raval B., Gupta V., Fantz U., Heinemann B., Kraus W., Cavenago M., Hanke S., Ochoa S., Blatchford P., Chuilon B., Xue Y., Croci G., Gorini G., Muraro A., Rebai M., Tardocchi M., D'Arienzo M., Sandri S., Tonti A., and Panin F.

Abstract

Heating neutral beam (HNB) injectors, necessary to achieve burning conditions and to control plasma instabilities in ITER, are characterized by such demanding parameters that a neutral beam test facility (NBTF) dedicated to their development and optimization is being realized in Padua (Italy) with direct contributions from the Italian government (through Consorzio RFX as the host entity) and the ITER international organization (with kind contributions from the ITER domestic agencies of Europe, Japan and India) and technical and scientific support from various European laboratories and universities. The NBTF hosts two experiments: SPIDER, devoted to ion source optimization for the required source performance, and MITICA, the full-size prototype of the ITER HNB, with an ion source identical to SPIDER. This paper gives an overview of the progress towards NBTF realization, with particular emphasis on issues discovered during this phase of activity and on solutions adopted to minimize the impact on the schedule and maintain the goals of the facilities. The realization of MITICA is well advanced; operation is expected to start in 2023 due to the long procurement time of the in-vessel mechanical components. The beam source power supplies, operating at 1 MV, are in an advanced phase of realization; all high-voltage components have been installed and the complex insulation test phase began in 2018. At the same time, construction and installation of SPIDER plant systems was successfully completed with their integration into the facility. The mechanical components of the SPIDER ion source were installed inside the vessel and connected to the plants. Integrated commissioning with the control, protection and safety systems ended positively and the first experimental phase has begun. The first results of the SPIDER experiment, with data from operational diagnostics, and the plans for the 1 MV insulation tests on the MITICA high-voltage components are presented.

Published
2019

36. The ITER full size plasma source device design

Author

Sonato, P., Agostinetti, P., Anaclerio, G., Antoni, V., Barana, O., Bigi, M., Boldrin, M., Cavenago, M., Dal Bello, S., Palma, M. Dalla, Daniele, A., D’Arienzo, M., De Lorenzi, A., Ferro, A., Fiorentin, A., Gaio, E., Gazza, E., Grando, L., Fantini, F., Fellin, F., Luchetta, A., Manduchi, G., Milani, F., Marcuzzi, D., Novello, L., Pasqualotto, R., Pavei, M., Pengo, R., Peruzzo, S., Pesce, A., Pilan, N., Piovan, R., Pomaro, N., Recchia, M., Rigato, W., Rizzolo, A., Serianni, G., Spolaore, M., Spolaore, P., Sandri, S., Taliercio, C., Toigo, V., Valisa, M., Veltri, P., Zaccaria, P., Zamengo, A., and Zanotto, L.

Published
2009
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37. Improved Conceptual Design of the Beamline for the DTT Neutral Beam Injector

Author

Agostinetti, P, Benedetti, E, Bonifetto, R, Bonesso, M, Cavenago, M, Dal Bello, S, Dalla Palma, M, D’Ambrosio, D, Dima, R, Favero, G, Ferro, A, Fincato, M, Giorgetti, F, Grando, L, Granucci, G, Lombroni, R, Marconato, N, Marsilio, R, Murari, A, Patton, T, Pavei, M, Pepato, A, Pilan, N, Raffaelli, F, Recchia, M, Ripani, M, Romano, A, Sartori, E, Tinti, P, Valente, M, Variale, V, Ventura, G, Veronese, F, Zanino, R, Zavarise, G, and Rebesan, P

Subjects
Neutral Beam Injector, Beamlines, DTT
Abstract

The main purpose of the Divertor Tokamak Test facility (DTT) is to study alternative solutions to mitigate the issue of power exhaust under integrated physics and technical conditions relevant for ITER and DEMO. In this framework, the conceptual design of the beamline for the DTT Neutral Beam Heating system is here summarized, with a particular focus on the technical solutions adopted to fulfill the requirements and maximize beamline performances. The proposed system features a beamline providing deuterium neutrals (D0) with an energy of 510 keV and an injected power of 10 MW. Various design options were considered, and a comprehensive set of simulations was carried out using several physics and engineering codes to drive the choice of the most suitable design options and optimize them, aiming at finding a good compromise among different design requirements. These simulations mainly regard the efficiency of the main processes, the optics of the beam, the physics reactions along the beamline (stripping, charge-exchange and ionization), the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the acceleration grids and the coupling between the beam and the plasma in the tokamak chamber. This paper describes the design of the main components of the injector for the DTT NBI system, i.e. ion source, accelerator, beam line components and vacuum vessel, explaining the motivations for the main design choices.

Published
2021

38. Completion of Assembly and High-Voltage Insulation Test of DC 1 MV Power Supply System for the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility

Author

Tobari H., Kashiwagi M., Watanabe K., Maejima T., Yamashita Y., Kojima A., Dairaku M., Sasaki S., Shibata N., Hiratsuka J., Konno S., Boldrin M., Zanotto L., Dal Bello S., Toigo V., Simon M., and Decamps H.

Subjects
1 MV power supply system, high-voltage insulation test, ITER, Neutral Beam Test Facility, NBTF
Abstract

In the ITER neutral beam (NB) system, deuterium negative ion beam with 1 MeV, 40 A for 3600 s is required for plasma heating and current drive. The NB Test Facility (NBTF) is now being constructed in Padova, Italy, to achieve such high requirement prior to the ITER operation. Japan procures DC 1 MV power supply (PS) components for the NBTF and the ITER NB. Since this PS consists of various kinds of component with 100 m long, manufacturing and factory test have been performed over five years, and shipping and installation have been proceeded in parallel step by step as presented in the last FEC [A]. The on-site assembling technique for such complicated 1MV PS components is one of challenges not only for the ITER NB but also typical electrical components. As recent progress in the last two years, completion of assembly and also high-voltage insulation test of DC 1 MV power supply components are reported.

Published
2021

39. Status of the upgrade of RFX-mod2

Author

Marrelli L., Abate D., Agostinetti P., Agostini P., Aprile D., Auriemma F., Berton G., Bettini P., Bigi M., Boldrin M., Bolzonella T., Bonfiglio D., Bonotto M., Brombin M., Bustreo C., Candeloro V., Canton A., Cappello S., Carraro L., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cordaro L., Dalla Palma M., Dal Bello S., Dan M., De Lorenzi A., De Masi G., De Nardi M., Di Giannatale G., Fadone M., Escande D.F., Fassina A., Ferro A., Ferron N., Fiorucci D., Franz P., Gaio E., Gambetta G., Gasparini F., Gnesotto F., Gobbin M., Grando L., Innocente P., Kryzhanovskyy A., Lorenzini R., Lunardon F., Maistrello A., Manduchi G., Manfrin S., Marchiori G., Marconato N., Martines E., Martini G., Martini S., Milazzo R., Momo B., Paccagnella R., Pavei M., Peruzzo S., Pigatto L., Pomaro N., Predebon I., Piovan R., Puiatti M.E., Recchia M., Rigoni A., Rizzetto D., Rizzolo A., Sattin F., Scarin P., Siragusa M., Sonato P., Spagnolo S., Spinicci L., Spizzo G., Spolaore M., Terranova D., Tinti P., Valisa M., Verando M., Vianello N., Vivenzi N., Voltolina D., Zanca P., Zaniol B., Zanotto L., and Zuin M.

Subjects
RFX-mod2 upgrade, RFX-mod2
Abstract

The RFX-mod Reversed Field Pinch device passive boundary is being improved: - Drastic reduction of resistivity of first shell surrounding the plasma; - Reduction of plasma-stabilizing conductor distance from b/a=1.11 to b/a=1.04. The RFX-mod core upgrades consist of: - Removal of Inconel vacuum vessel; - Modification of the stainless steel Support Structure to ensure Vacuum Tightness (VTSS); - Modification of the copper Passive Stabilizing Shell (PSS); - Installation of upgraded sensors inside the vacuum vessel. Initial main points of investigation in the new device are discussed.

Published
2021

40. Achievement of DC 1 MV insulation in high-voltage power supply for ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility

Author

Tobari H., Kashiwagi M., Watanabe K., Maejima T., Yamashita Y., Kojima A., Dairaku M., Sasaki S., Shibata N., Hiratsuka J., Konno S., Boldrin M., Zanotto L., Dal Bello S., Toigo V., Simon M., and Decamps H.

Subjects
1 MV power supply system, high-voltage insulation test, ITER, Neutral Beam Test Facility, NBTF
Abstract

In the ITER neutral beam (NB) system, deuterium negative ion beam with 1 MeV, 40 A for 3600 s is required for plasma heating and current drive. The NB Test Facility (NBTF) is now being constructed in Padova, Italy, to achieve such high requirement prior to the ITER operation. Japan procures DC 1 MV power supply (PS) components for the NBTF and the ITER NB. Since this PS consists of various kinds of component with 100 m long, manufacturing and factory test have been performed over five years, and shipping and installation have been proceeded in parallel step by step as presented in the last FEC [A]. The on-site assembling technique for such complicated 1MV PS components is one of challenges not only for the ITER NB but also typical electrical components. As recent progress in the last two years, completion of assembly and also high-voltage insulation test of DC 1 MV power supply components are reported.

Published
2021

41. SPIDER, the negative ion source prototype for ITER: first operations with caesium

Author

Serianni G., Sartori E., Agnello R., Agostini M., Barbisan M., Bigi M., Boldrin M., Brombin M., Candeloro V., Casagrande R., Dal Bello S., Dan M., Duteil B.P., Fadone M., Grando L., Jain P., Maistrello A., Mario I., Pasqualotto R., Pavei M., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Rizzolo A., Shepherd A., Ugoletti M., Veltri P., Zaniol B., Agostinetti P., Aprile D., Berton G., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cavenago M., Chitarin G., Cristofaro S., Croci G., Cruz N., Dalla Palma M., Delogu R., De Muri M., De Nardi M., Denizeau S., Fellin F., Ferro A., Gaio E., Gasparrini C., Luchetta A., Lunardon F., Manduchi G., Marconato N., Marcuzzi D., McCormack O., Milazzo R., Muraro A., Patton T., Pilan N., Recchia M., Rigoni Garola A., Santoro F., Segalini B., Siragusa M., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Zaccaria P., Zagorski R., Zanotto L., Zaupa M., Zuin M., and Toigo V.

Subjects
ITER, negative ion source prototype, caesium, SPIDER
Abstract

To reach fusion conditions and control the plasma configuration in ITER, the next step in tokamak fusion research, two neutral beam injectors (NBIs) will supply 17MW each, by neutralizing accelerated negative hydrogen or deuterium ions. The requirements of ITER NBIs (40A/1MeV D- ions for

Published
2021

42. First Operations with Caesium of the Negative Ion Source SPIDER

Author

Sartori E., Agostini M., Barbisan M., Bigi M., Boldrin M., Brombin M., Casagrande R., Dal Bello S., Dan M., Duteil B.P., Fadone M., Grando L., Maistrello A., Pavei M., Pimazzoni A., Poggi C., Rizzolo A., Shepherd A., Ugoletti M., Veltri P., Zaniol B., Agnello R., Agostinetti P., Aprile D., Candeloro V., Cavallini C., Cavazzana R., Cavenago M., Chitarin G., Cristofaro S., Dalla Palma M., Delogu R., De Muri M., Denizeau S., Fellin F., Ferro C., Gasparrini C., Jain P., Luchetta A., Manduchi G., Marconato N., Marcuzzi D., Mario I., Milazzo R., Pasqualotto R., Patton T., Pilan N., Recchia M., Rigoni-Garola A., Siragusa M., Spolaore M., Taliercio C., Toigo V., Zagorski R., Zanotto L., Zaupa M., Zuin M., and Serianni G.

Subjects
Caesium injection, Negative Ion Source, SPIDER
Abstract

The negative-ion beam source SPIDER, which is the full-scale prototype source for the ITER neutral beam injector, recently started the operation with caesium. This experimental phase follows three years of volume operation, devoted to the commissioning of the plants and to the integrated test of the ion source and accelerator. The ion source, composed of eight RF drivers connected to a large plasma chamber from which the negative ions are extracted, was operated up to a RF power of 400kW, and beam energy up to 50kV, and plasma discharges limited to less than one minute This contribution will describe the main results of the first campaign with caesium in SPIDER. The repetition of short plasma and beam extraction blips with different injection rates was applied, to study the effect on plasma and beam parameters. The caesiation procedure adopted in SPIDER will be described (caesium injection rate, duty cycle of plasma-on, RF power, source gas pressure) together with the effects of the source parameters on the extracted beam and its uniformity. Even though the use of a much reduced number of beamlets was a strong limitation in terms of total accelerated current (a mask at the plasma grid covered 1252 apertures over 1280 to limit the gas load to the vacuum pumps), it provided advantages in the study of the caesium effect on the beam, such as the introduction of dedicated diagnostics for the single beamlets, and the identification of the beamlet current and optics.

Published
2021

43. Work Programme 2021 Intermediate Report 3 ITER-RFX-NBTF-A-WP-2021

Author

Marcuzzi D., Zaccaria P., Zanotto L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Serianni G., Chitarin G., Dal Bello S., Lorenzini R., Sottocornola A., Vanzetto M., Grando L., and Boldrin M.

Subjects
Neutral Beam Test Facility, ITER, NBTF, PRIMA
Abstract

This document summarizes the progress of the NBTF Project relevant to the Third Quarter of 2021 including experimental results, issues, and changes (proposed and implemented).

Published
2021

44. Work Programme 2021 Intermediate Report 1 ITER-RFX-NBTF-A-WP-2021

Author

Marcuzzi D., Zaccaria P., Zanotto L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Serianni G., Chitarin G., Dal Bello S., Lorenzini R., Sottocornola A., Vanzetto M., Grando L., and Boldrin M.

Subjects
Neutral Beam Test Facility, ITER, NBTF, PRIMA
Abstract

This document summarizes the progress of the NBTF Project relevant to the First Quarter of 2021 including experimental results, issues, and changes (proposed and implemented).

Published
2021

45. Work Programme 2020 Annual Activity Report ITER-RFX-NBTF-A-WP-2020

Author

Marcuzzi D., Zaccaria P., Zanotto L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Serianni G., Chitarin G., Dal Bello S., Lorenzini R., Sottocornola A., Vanzetto M., Grando L., and Boldrin M.

Subjects
Neutral Beam Test Facility, ITER, NBTF, PRIMA
Abstract

This document summarizes all the activities performed during the year, including results and improvements, in agreement with the Work Programme approved by the Steering Committee at the beginning of the year.

Published
2021

46. The Full-Voltage Operation of the Acceleration Grid Power Supply for SPIDER Experiment

Author

Ferro A., Boldrin M., Dal Bello S., Taliercio C., Vignando M., Zanotto L., Toigo V., Dhola H., Raval B., Singh N.P., Patel A., Sharma A., and Decamps H.

Subjects
Full-Voltage Operation, Acceleration Grid Power Supply, SPIDER
Abstract

The Acceleration Grid Power Supply (AGPS) has been procured by ITER-India for the SPIDER experiment hosted in the Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) in Padua, Italy. SPIDER is the prototype of the negative ion source of the ITER Heating Neutral Beam Injectors. The AGPS is devoted to feed the electrostatic accelerator of SPIDER with a dc voltage down to -96 kV, a maximum current of 75 A and a maximum pulse duration of 1 hour. Realized with Pulse Step Modulation technology, its main components are: three oil-insulated multi-secondary transformers fed by the 22 kV ac distribution network, 150 series-connected water-cooled switched power modules based on IGBTs, an output inductor, and a Control and Protection System. The AGPS has been commissioned at NBTF site on dummy load in 2018, reaching the full voltage. Then, ITER Organization (IO) accepted the system and transferred the Responsibility of Use to Consorzio RFX in 2019, in order to start the SPIDER operation with beam acceleration. However, it was not allowed to exceed the acceleration voltage of 30 kV, corresponding to the voltage ratings of the output cable and load disconnectors. In 2020, these components were replaced by new ones, with full voltage ratings. For space constraints, the number of disconnectors were reduced, accepting some compromise on the flexibility in operation. Then, in 2021 the asseveration for an output voltage down to -96 kV has been achieved, and the first SPIDER experimental campaigns with high acceleration voltage started. While at the beginning the beam current was very limited, it increased during the year with the use of Cesium in the ion source, which caused a substantial improvement of negative ion's production. During the operations, some relevant aspects of the AGPS for which an upgrade could be beneficial have been identified, for example the voltage regulation and ripple in no-load conditions, the voltage regulation range, and some control functions. This paper describes the process and the technical solutions which allowed achieving the asseveration to operate the AGPS at full voltage, reports the first experimental results and discusses the advisable improvements which have been identified.

Published
2021

47. On the road to ITER NBIs: SPIDER improvement after first operation and MITICA construction progress

Author

Toigo, V., Marcuzzi, D., Serianni, G., Boldrin, M., Chitarin, G., Dal Bello, S., Grando, L., Luchetta, A., Pasqualotto, R., Zaccaria, P., Mieko, Kashiwagi, Hiroyuki, Tobari, Kazuhiro, Watanabe, Tetsuya, Maejima, Atsushi, Kojima, Eiji, Ooshita, Yasuo, Yamashita, Shunsuke, Konno, Others, Toigo, V., Marcuzzi, D., Serianni, G., Boldrin, M., Chitarin, G., Dal Bello, S., Grando, L., Luchetta, A., Pasqualotto, R., Zaccaria, P., Mieko, Kashiwagi, Hiroyuki, Tobari, Kazuhiro, Watanabe, Tetsuya, Maejima, Atsushi, Kojima, Eiji, Ooshita, Yasuo, Yamashita, Shunsuke, Konno, and Others

Abstract

To reach fusion conditions and control the plasma configuration in ITER, the next step in tokamak fusion research, two neutral beam injectors (NBIs) will supply 16.5 MW each, by neutralizing accelerated negative hydrogen or deuterium ions. The requirements of ITER NBIs (40A/1 MeV D- ions for ≤1 h, 46A/870 keV H- ions for ≤1000 s) have never been simultaneously attained. So in the Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF, Consorzio RFX, Italy) the operation of the full-scale ITER NBI prototype (MITICA) will be tested and optimised up to full performances, focussing on accelerator (including voltage holding), beam optics, neutralisation, residual ion removal. The NBTF includes also the full-scale prototype of the ITER NBI source with 100 keV particle energy (SPIDER), for early investigation of: negative ion production and extraction, source uniformity, negative ion current density and beam optics. This paper will describe the main results of the first two years of SPIDER operation, devoted to characterizing plasma and beam parameters, including investigation of RF-plasma coupling efficiency and magnetic filter field effectiveness in reducing co-extracted electrons. SPIDER is progressing towards the first caesium injection, which aims at increasing the negative ion density. A major shutdown, planned for 2021, to solve the issues identified during the operation and to carry out programmed modifications, will be outlined. The installation of each MITICA power supply and auxiliary system is completed; in-vessel mechanical components are under procurement by Fusion for Energy (F4E). Integration, commissioning and test of the power supplies, procured by F4E and QST, as the Japanese Domestic Agency (JADA), will be presented. In particular, 1.0MV insulating tests were carried out step-by-step and successfully completed. In 2020 integrated tests of the power supplies on the accelerator dummy load started, including the assessment of their resilience to accelerator grid breakdowns usin

Published
2021

48. SPIDER, the Negative Ion Source Prototype for ITER: Overview of Operations and Cesium Injection

Author

Serianni, G., Sartori, E., Agnello, R., Agostini, M., Barbisan, M., Bigi, M., Boldrin, M., Brombin, M., Candeloro, V., Casagrande, R., Dal Bello, S., Dan, M., Duteil, B. P., Fadone, M., Grando, L., Jain, P., Maistrello, A., Mario, I., Pasqualotto, R., Pavei, M., Pimazzoni, A., Poggi, C., Rizzolo, A., Shepherd, A., Ugoletti, M., Veltri, P., Zaniol, B., Agostinetti, P., Aprile, D., Berton, G., Cavallini, C., Cavazzana, R., Cavenago, M., Chitarin, G., Cristofaro, S., Croci, G., Cruz, N., Dalla Palma, M., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., De Nardi, M., Denizeau, S., Fellin, F., Ferro, A., Gaio, E., Gasparrini, C., Luchetta, A., Lunardon, F., Manduchi, G., Marconato, N., Marcuzzi, D., McCormack, O., Milazzo, R., Muraro, A., Patton, T., Pilan, N., Recchia, M., Rigoni-Garola, A., Santoro, F., Segalini, B., Siragusa, M., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Zaccaria, P., Zagorski, R., Zanotto, L., Zaupa, M., Zuin, M., and Toigo, V.

Abstract

An overview of the recent operations and the main results of cesium injection in the Source for the Production of Ions of Deuterium Extracted from Rf plasma (SPIDER) negative ion source are described in this contribution. In experiments without cesium injection, all SPIDER plants were tested to verify the basic expectations on the operational parameters (e.g., electron cooling effectiveness of magnetic filter field) and to determine its operational region. For beam properties, it was shown that the current density varies across the beam in the vertical direction. In preliminary cesium experiments, the expected increase of negative ion current and simultaneous decrease of co-extracted electrons were found, along with the influence of the control parameters (polarization of the plasma electrodes, magnetic filter field) on the SPIDER beam uniformity in the horizontal and vertical directions. It was shown that non-Gaussian tails can be identified in the angular distribution on the plane perpendicular to the beam propagation direction. Stray particles, nonhomogeneous beam and large divergence might result in unexpected heat and particle loads over ITER neutral beam injector (NBI) accelerator grids; it is the goal of SPIDER to assess and possibly to identify suitable methods for controlling these beam features. A major shutdown, planned for late 2021, to solve the issues identified during the operation and to carry out scheduled modifications, is outlined. Such improvements are expected to allow SPIDER to pursue the ITER requirements in terms of negative ion current, electron-to-ion ratio, and beam duration.

Published
2023
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49. Work Programme 2020 Intermediate Report 1 ITER-RFX-NBTF-A-WP-2020

Author

Serianni G., Marcuzzi D., Zaccaria P., Zanotto L., Luchetta A., Pasqualotto R., Chitarin G., Dal Bello S., Lorenzini R., Sottocornola A., Vanzetto M., Grando L., and Boldrin M.

Subjects
Neutral Beam Test Facility, ITER, NBTF, PRIMA
Abstract

This document summarizes the progress of the NBTF Project relevant to the First Quarter of 2020 including experimental results, issues, and changes (proposed and implemented).

Published
2020

50. Work programme 2019 Quarter 4 Progress Report of the activities

Author

Sottocornola A., Zaccaria P., Marcuzzi D., Zanotto L., Bigi M., Luchetta A., Pomaro N., Pasqualotto R., Serianni G., Chitarin G., and Dal Bello S.

Subjects
Neutral Beam Test Facility, NBTF, PRIMA, F4E-RFX-PMS
Abstract

This management note reports the activities performed in the fourth quarter (Q4) and described in detail in the attached documents.

Published
2020

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