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Rhipicephalus microplustick is the main ectoparasite of cattle in Brazil. The exhaustive use of chemical acaricides to control this tick has favored the selection of resistant tick populations. Entomopathogenic fungi, as Metarhizium anisopliae, has been described as a potential biocontroller of ticks. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivoefficacy of two oil based formulations of M. anisopliaefor the control of the cattle tick R. microplusunder field conditions using a cattle spray race as a method of treatment. Initially, in vitroassays were carried out with an aqueous suspension of M. anisopliae, using mineral oil and/or silicon oil. A potential synergism between oils and fungus conidia for tick control was demonstrated. Additionally, the usefulness of silicon oil in order to reduce mineral oil concentration, while improving formulation efficacy was illustrated. Based on the in vitroresults, two formulations were selected for use in the field trial: MaO1 (107 conidia/mL plus 5% mineral oil) and MaO2 (107 conidia/mL plus 2.5% mineral oil and 0.01% silicon oil). The adjuvants concentrations (mineral and silicon oils) were chosen since preliminary data indicate that higher concentrations caused significant mortality in adult ticks. For this, 30 naturally infested heifers were divided into three groups based on previous tick counts. The control group did not receive treatment. The selected formulations were applied on animals using a cattle spray race. Subsequently, tick load was evaluated weekly by counting. The MaO1 treatment significantly reduced the tick count only on day +21, reaching approximately 55% efficacy. On the other hand, MaO2 showed significantly lower tick counts on days +7, +14, and +21 after treatment, with weekly efficacy achieving 66%. The results showed a substantial reduction of tick infestation, up to day +28, using a novel formulation of M. anisopliaebased in the mixture of two oils. Moreover, we have shown, for the first time, the feasibility of employing formulations of M. anisopliaefor large-scale treatment methods, such as a cattle spray race, which in turn, may increase the use and adhesion to biological control tools among farmers.

GREAT BRITAINPatterns of Highland Development. By David Turnock, 8.9 × 6.3, xiii + 272 pages, 32 figures, 32 plates. Macmillan, London, 1970. £8.Soil Survey of Scotland, Bulletin No. 1: The Soils of Candacraig and Glenbuchat. By R. E. F. Heslop and C. J. Brown. 9 1/2 × 6, 116 pp., 13 tables, 3 maps (2 loose, folded), appendices, references, Index. Macaulay Institute for Soil Research, Aberdeen, 1969.Southwest England. By A. H. Shorter, W. L. D. Ravenhill and K. J. Gregory. 15.5 × 23.5 cm. xii + 340 pp., 95 maps and diagrams, 3 tables, 55 plates, 1 folded map, selected references, index. Nelson, London, 1969. £5.25.Land and Leisure. By J. Allan Patmore. 8 3/4 × 5 3/4, 322 pp., 26 plates, 84 illustrations and maps. David and Charles, Newton Abbot, 1970. £4.20.PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHYThe Value of Weather. By W. J. Maunder. 9×5 3/4, 388 pp. Methuen, London. £3.75; also University Paperback. £2.00.The Periglacial Environment. By Troy L. Péivé. McGill-Queen's University Press, 1969. £11.25.Glacier Surveys in British Columbia: Vol. 1 English System; Vol. 2 Metric System. By I. A. Reid and J. Shastal. Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, Canada, Report series No. 10. 1968.Coasts and Beaches. By J. A. Steers. 7×4 1/2. 136 pp. Illustrated. (Contemporary Science Paperback). Oliver & Boyd,. Edinburgh, 1969. 37 1/2p.HUMAN GEOGRAPHYUrban Analysis. A Study of City Structure with Special Reference to Sunderland. By B. T. Robson. Cambridge Geographical Studies, No. 1. 9 1/4 × 6 1/4. 302 pp. Maps and Tables. Bibliography. Cambridge U.P., London, 1969. £4.00The Harsh Lands. By David Grieg. 8 3/4 × 5 3/4, 321 pp., 24 figures, 30 tables. Macmillan, London, 1970. £3.50. Paperback, £1.75.ATLASES AND MAPSThe National Atlas of Disease Mortality in the United Kingdom. Revised and extended edition. By G. Melvyn Howe on behalf of the Royal Geographical Society. 11 1/4 × 8 3/4, 197 pp. Nelson, London. £5.25.Maps for Books and Theses. By A. G. Hodgkiss. 8 3/4 × 5 1/2, 267 pp., 8 plates, 88 illustrations. David & Charles, Newton Abbot, 1970. £2.75.EDUCATIONLandscape Studies - An Introduction to Geomorphology. By K. E. Sawyer. 10 3/4 × 8 1/2, x + 148 pp., 28 map extracts, 52 photographs, 124 field sketches, sketches, diagrams. Edward Arnold, London, 1970. £200.Water for Power and Irrigation. By J. M. Pritchard. 9 3/4 × 6, 36 pp., 18 maps, diagrams. Dent, London, 1970. 30p.Britain and World Trade. C. W. Park. 8 1/2 × 5 1/2, 176 pp., 46 diagrams and maps, 10 plates, tables, index. English Universities Press, London. 65p.Ethiopia in Pictures. By Alfred Allotey Acquaye. Iraq in pictures. By Jon A. Teta. Visual , Geography Series. 10i x 6|, 64 pp. The Oak Tree Press Ltd., 1970. 95p.World Population and Food Supply. J. H. Lowry. 9 3/4 × 7 3/8, 112 pp., charts, tables, diagrams, maps, plates. E. Arnold & Sons Ltd. 1970. £1.00.Landscape Studies Series. (7 titles). Edited by W. K. Birrell. 7 × 9 1/2. approx. 50 pp. Jacaranda Press, 1969. 49p.each.Jackdaw Publications. No. 76 Volcanoes, by G. Jefferies. No. 77 The Motor Industry by G. Jefferies. No. 79 Dairy Farming by J. L. Jones. Folder 9 × 13 1/2. Jonathan Cape, 1969. 60p.each.Field Studies for Schools. Volume 4. Field Excursions in North Wales. Edited by F. E. Clegg. 7 1/4 × 4 1/4, 174 pp., 8 plates, 25 maps and diagrams. Rivingtons, London, 1969. 90p.Field Studies for Schools. Volume 3. Field Excursions in Eastern Scotland. Edited by R. B.. Salmon. 7 1/4 × 4 3/4, 8 plates, 18 maps and diagrams. Rivingtons, London, 1969. 90p.Modern Geography Series, Book VIII, Africa: By A. W. Coysh and M. E. Tomlinson. 7 3/4 × 5 1/4, 226 pp., plates, maps and diagrams. University Tutorial Press, London, 1970. 67 1/2p.Mauritius: A Geographical Survey. By T. Ramdin. 9 3/4 × 7 1/2. 64 pp. 7 full page maps in colour. Many photographs and sketch-maps. Examination questions and bibliography. University Tutorial Press, London, 1969. 45p.New Secondary Geographies: 'Asia and North America'. By R. A. Beddis. 192 pp., 6 3/8 × 8 3/8 University of London Press. 90p.Focal Points in Geography: 'Asia and North America'. By R. A. Beddis. 9 3/4 × 7 3/8, 80 pp. University of London Press. 65p.Europe in Maps. By R. Knowles and P. W. R. Stowe. 96 pp., 19 maps, 22 photographs, 23 figures. Longmans, London, 1969. £1.50.Yorkshire and North Lincolnshire. By H. Tolley and K. Orrell. 9 3/4 × 7 1/2. 96 pp., 94 figs. Geography of the British Isles Series. Cambridge U.P., London, 1970.65p.Basic Geography. By D. C. Money. 10 × 7 1/2, 162 pp. University Tutorial Press, London, 1970. £1.10.The Earth's Surface. By D. C. Money. 7 1/2 × 10, 168 pp. Evans Bros., London, 1970. £1.25. These two books by Mr. Money overlap in subject matter but the scope and treatment are rather different.

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHYFoundations of Climatology. By E. T. Stringer, xiii+586 pp., 194 illustrations. Techniques of Climatology. By E. T. Stringer, xiii+539 pp. 124 illustrations. Both books 10 1/4×7 3/4: W. H. Freeman, Reading, 1972. £6.30.ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHYLand, work and resources: an introduction to economic geography. By J. H. Paterson. 15 × 22.75 cms: xiv + 266 pp. 43 maps and diagrams. Edward Arnold, London, 1972. £3.60 (boards), £1.80 (paper).A Geography of Trade and Development in Malaya. By P. P. Courtenay. 7 1/2 × 5 1/4, xii+286 pp., 28 maps, and 52 tables. Bell's Advanced Economic Geographies, London, 1972. £3.SOCIAL GEOGRAPHYPopulation Geography and the Developing Countries. By John I. Clarke. 8 1/4 × 5 3/4, xiii+282 pp., 43 ilust. Pergamon, Oxford, 1971. £1.75.Cities and Immigrants. By David Ward, 9 1/4×6 1/4, xv+164 pp., 24 figures, 27 photographs, 17 tables, Bibliography, index. Oxford University Press, London 1971. £3.REGIONALThe Greeks how they live and work. By T. R. B. Dicks. 8 3/4 × 5 3/4, 175 pp., 16 illust. David & Charles. Newton Abbot, 1972. £2.25.Melanesia: a geographical interpretation of an island world. By H. C. Brookfield with Doreen Hart. 9 1/2×6 1/2, lx+463 pp., 76 figures, 46 tables, 24 plates, indexes. Methuen, London, 1971. £6.25.Africa and Its Explorers. Edited by Robert I. Rotberg. 9 1/2×6 1/2, 351pp. London, Oxford University Press, 1971. £3.75.Scandinavia. By B. Fullerton and A. F. Williams. 9×6, xiv+374 pp., 64 maps and diagrams 34 tables. Chatto & Windus, London, 1972. £3.EDUCATIONALGeography in Secondary Education. By N. J. Graves. 9 3/4 × 7 1/2 125 pp. 41 figs., References. Bibliographies. Geographical Association. Sheffield, 1971. 85p.

GENERALThe Writing of Geography. By T. W. Freeman. 8 1/2 × 5 1/2, 91 pp. Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1971. 84p.A Planning Classification of Scottish Landscape Resources. Countryside Commission for Scotland Occasional Paper No. 1. 21 × 29 1/2 cm., pp. 73+5 appendices and bibliography, 20 photographic plates. The Countryside Commission for Scotland, Perth, 1971. £1.lb00.PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHYWorld Soils. By E. M. Bridges, 9 3/4 × 7 1/4 , 89 pp., colour plates, etc. Cambridge University Press, London, 1970. 75p.Rocks and Relief. By B. W. Sparks. 9 1/2 × 6 1/4, xviii + 404 pp., 109 figs., 55 plates, references index. Longmans, Harlow, 1971. £3.lb95.Slopes. By A. Young. No. 3. Geomorphology texts. Edit. K. M. Clayton. 10 × 7 1/2, vii + 288 pp., 96 figures, 15 tables, bibliog. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1972. £5.World Vegetation Types. Edited by S. R. Eyre. 21 1/2 × 13 1/2 cm., 264 pp., 16 photographic plates. London and Basingstoke: The MacMillan Press, 1971. £3.lb50.ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHYAn Agricultural Geography of Great Britain. By J. T. Coppock. 8 3/4 × 5 3/4, xiv+345 pp., 23 maps/diagrams, 39 tables, index. G. Bell, London, 1971. £2.lb75.The British Iron and Steel Sheet Industry since 1840. By K. Warren. 8 3/4×5 1/2, pp. xvi+313, 19 maps, 48 tables, references, index. Bell, London, 1970. £2.lb50.REGIONALEl Salvador: Landscape and Society. By David Browning. 8 3/4 × 5 3/4 xl + 329 pp., 31 maps, Bibliography, Index, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1971. £5.lb50.The United States and Canada. By G. H. Dury and R. Mathieson. xii+323. Heinemann Educational Books Ltd. London, 1970. £2.lb25.MAPS and SURVEYThe Oxford Regional Economic Atlas of Western Europe. Pp. xix + 96 pages maps and Gazetteer. Oxford University Press. 1971. Boards £3.lb75.The Roman Land Surveyors. By O. A. W. Dilke. 8 3/4 × 5 3/4, 260 pp., 33 plates, 53 illustrations, David & Charles, Newton Abbot, 1971. £3.lb90.EDUCATIONALGeography in Primary Schools - published by the Geographical Association. 8 3/4 × 7 1/2, vii+98 pp., illustrated. Sheffield, 1970. 65p.Geography: A Socio-Economic Approach; Quantitative Methods. By W. V. Tidswell and S. M. Barker. 29 × 22.lb5 cms. 83 pp. London: University Tutorial Press. 1971. £1.lb20.Man and Environment. By Philip A. Sauvain (Hulton's Practical Geography Series, Book 3). 10 × 7 1/2, 147 pp. Hulton's Educational Publications Ltd. 90p.Education in Europe: Teaching of Geography at School Level. Edited by E. C. Marchant. 8 1/2 × 5 1/2, 197 pp. Harrap, London, 1971. £1.lb85.Britain Today, 2nd Edition. By J. Tumelty. 9 1/4 × 6 1/4, 335 pp. McGraw-Hill, London, 1970. £1.lb10The Life and Livelihood Geographies: Book 4: The Homeland: Local Geography and the British Isles. By D. W. Shave. 136+vii pp. John Murray, 1970. Limp covers 75p Boards 90p.Advanced Level Geography: Africa. By W. F. Hornby and P. Newton 8 3/4 × 5 3/4 462 pp. 105 figs. University Tutorial Press, London, 1971. £1.lb55.Europe in Maps: Book 2. By R. Knowles and P. W. E. Stowe. 96 pp. Longman Group, 1971. £2.