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Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) are used to reduce blood pressure and vascular resistance by modulating the ACE activity responsible for the angiotensin II formation. However, different ACEi seem to influence exercise-induced angiogenesis. The objective of this review was to investigate the effects of different ACEi on vessel growth in skeletal muscle induced by exercise training. The present study is characterized by a narrative literature review design, the databases of Scielo, Google Scholar and PubMed were consulted. There are different groups of ACEi , sulfhydryl group such as captopril and a carboxyl group such as perindiporil and enalapril that can influence their effects on ACE activity. It is already known that exercise promotes the increase of vessels from vessels already existing in the skeletal musculature, a process known as angiogenesis and contributes to the blood pressure reduction (BP). Although these different responses are still scarce, vessel endothelial growth factor (VEFG) and nitric oxide (NO) may participate. Thus, the use of different ACEi can influences the angiogenesis responses induced by exercise, being one of the important mechanisms for BP reduction. The choice of ACEi group should be carefully analyzed for hypertensive individuals who practice physical exercise. Keywords: Physical Education and Training. Microcirculation. Hypertension. ResumoOs inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina (iECA) são utilizados para redução da pressão arterial e resistência vascular modulando a atividade da ECA responsável pela formação da angiotensina II. Entretanto, diferentes iECAs parecem influenciar a angiogênese induzida pelo exercício físico. Desta maneira objetivo desta revisão foi investigar os efeitos de diferentes iECA sobre o crescimento de vasos no musculo esquelético induzido pelo exercício físico. O presente estudo caracteriza-se um delineamento de revisão de literatura narrativa, foram consultadas as bases de dados do Scielo, Google acadêmico e PubMed. Existem grupos distintos dos iECAs, grupo sulfidrila como o captopril e o grupo carboxila como o perindiporil e grupo que pode influenciar seus efeitos sobre a atividade da ECA. Já é sabido que O exrcício promove o aumento de vasos a partir de vasos já existentes na musculatura esquelética, processo conhecido como angiogênese e colabora para redução da pressão arterial (PA). Entretanto os iECAs parecem influenciar esta resposta do aumento da densidade capilar no músculo esquelético. Embora ainda sejam escassos estas diferentes respostas podem ter as participações do fator de crescimento endotelial de vasos (VEFG) e o óxido nítrico (NO). Desta maneira o uso dos grupos do iECAs podem influenciar as resposta da angiogênese induzido pelo exercício sendo um dos mecanismos importantes pela redução da PA. A escolha do grupo de iECA deve ser analisada com cautela para indivíduoS hipertensos que praticam exercício físico. Palavras-chave: Educação Física e Treinamento. Microcirculação. Hipertensão

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a progressive muscle relaxation program on psychological (stress levels, anxiety, and mood states) and physiological (blood pressure and heart rate) variables in basketball athletes. Fifty-nine basketball players, aged 14 to 19 years, and members of Bauru Basket team, were recruited for this study and grouped into control group (CG, n = 30) and intervention group (IG, n = 29). The participants were evaluated, before and after the intervention, by the following means: Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2), to measure the pre-competitive anxiety state, i.e., how anxious each athlete felt just before the competition; Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS), an instrument for early detection of overtraining syndrome; Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport), to identify the extent to which each athlete was physically or mentally stressed and the athlete’s current capability for recovery; Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), specifically developed for athletes. The IG athletes participated in 12 progressive muscle relaxation sessions, a practice for tensing or tightening a specific muscle until an ideal state of relaxation is reached. Each participant had blood pressure and heart rate measured before and after every session. The CG athletes were evaluated similarly to those in the IG but without relaxation. The results showed statistically significant differences in cognitive anxiety (p = 0.039) and specific stress (p = 0.016) between CG and IG before the intervention; in addition, a significant heart rate decrease (p < 0.01) between IG and CG was noted. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

O treinamento resistido tem demonstrado eficácia no acréscimo e condicionamento da força muscular, devido às melhorias de aspectos neuromusculares, composição corporal, tolerância às perturbações metabólicas e aspectos endócrinos. Existe uma série de alterações endócrinas causadas pelo exercício resistido. Entretanto, poucos estudos apresentam uma relação conjunta da resposta hormonal frente ao exercício resistido. Deste modo, o objetivo desse estudo foi propor uma descrição, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, sobre a resposta da testosterona, GH, IGF-1 e cortisol provocado pelo exercício resistido. O presente estudo tratou-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, realizada na base de dados do Scielo, Google acadêmico, PubMed, abrangendo trabalhos nacionais e internacionais. Como critério de inclusão foi realizada uma análise para verificação dos estudos que apresentavam uma relação direta do título e resumo com a temática do trabalho aqui proposto. A excitação adrenérgica e aumento da concentração de lactato sanguíneo promove liberação de testosterona e GH. O IGF-1 é mediado pelo GH em células hepáticas e, possivelmente, por outras vias não dependente de GH. A secreção de insulina está relacionada a disponibilidade de glicose sanguínea, possuindo papel anabólico no músculo por meio da atividade da mTOR. Já a secreção de cortisol relaciona-se com a redução do volume plasmático e aumentos dos níveis de lactato. Conclui-se que, as diferentes dimensões do TR como intensidade, volume (número de séries e repetições), tipo de ação muscular (concêntrico, excêntrico, isométrico), resposta adrenérgica, volume plasmático e produção de lactato interferem diretamente sobre as concentrações hormonais plasmáticas principalmente em respostas agudas ao exercício.

A hipertrofia do musculo esquelético é caracterizada pelo aumento da área de secção transversal (AST) através de estímulos produzidos pelo exercício resistido (ER). Alguns trabalhos têm demonstrado que os ganhos da hipertrofia muscular esquelética em resposta ao ER ocorrem de forma não uniforme ao longo do músculo, este processo também é conhecido como hipertrofia regional. Este estudo foi constituído por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica. Utilizou-se para coleta a análise de artigos científicos, livros e pesquisas realizadas nas bases de dados do Scielo, LILACS e PubMed, abrangendo trabalhos internacionais. Os trabalhos na literatura são escassos em relação ao ER e hipertrofia regional nos diferentes grupos musculares, o quadríceps parece apresentar maior hipertrofia na região proximal e cadeira extensora nas regiões medial e distal. Já o tríceps a variação das angulações dos exercícios parece influenciar diretamente a hipertrofia regional. Por outro lado, o bíceps braquial parece ter maior aumento nas regiões medial e proximal sendo esta resposta influenciada pelo tipo de contração ou velocidade da execução do exercício. Em relação aos isquiotibiais e peitoral maior são insuficientes na literatura os estudos sobre a hipertrofia regional relacionados com estes músculos. Além disso, as diferenças na ativação muscular e a síntese de proteínas contráteis parecem ser os principais fatores responsáveis pelas respostas hipertróficas diferentes ao longo do músculo.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T10:18:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-11-01 We used measurements of metabolic perturbation obtained after sparring to estimate energetics contribution during no-gi Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Ten advanced grapplers performed two six-minute sparring bouts separated by 24 hours. Kinetics of recovery rate of oxygen uptake was modelled and post-combat-sparring blood-lactate concentration measured to estimate oxygen equivalents for phospholytic and glycolytic components of anaerobic energetics, respectively. Linear regression was used to estimate end-combat-sparring rate of oxygen uptake. Regional and whole-body composition were assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry with associations between these measurements and energy turnover explored using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (significance, P < 0.05). Estimated oxygen equivalents for phospholytic and glycolytic contributions to anaerobic metabolism were 16.9 ± 8.4 (~28%) and 44.6 ± 13.5 (~72%) mLkg-1, respectively. Estimated end-exercise rate of oxygen uptake was 44.2 ± 7.0 mLkg-1min-1. Trunk lean mass was positively correlated with both total anaerobic and glycolytic-specific energetics (total, R = 0.645, p = 0.044; glycolytic, R = 0.692, p = 0.027) and negatively correlated with end-exercise rate of oxygen uptake (R = -0.650, p = 0.042). There were no correlations for any measurement of body composition and phospholytic-specific energetics. Six minutes of no-gi Brazilian jiu-jitsu sparring involves high relative contribution from the glycolytic component to total anaerobic energy provision and the link between this energetics profile and trunk lean mass is consistent with the predominance of ground-based combat that is unique for this combat sport. Training programs for Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioners should be designed with consideration given to these specific energetics characteristics. Institute of Bioscience Graduate Program in Human Development and Technology São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (UNESP) Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Bone Department of Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Institute of Bioscience Graduate Program in Human Development and Technology São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:00:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-05-01 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia Purpose: This study aims to analyze swimmers’ oxygen uptake kinetics (V˙ O 2K) and bioenergetic profiles in 50, 100, and 200 m simulated swimming events and determine which physiological variables relate with performance. Methods: Twenty-eight well-trained swimmers completed an incremental test for maximal oxygen uptake (Peak-V˙ O 2) and maximal aerobic velocity (MAV) assessment. Maximal trials (MT) of 50, 100, and 200-m in front crawl swimming were performed for V˙ O 2K and bioenergetic profile. V˙ O 2K parameters were calculated through monoexponential modeling and by a new growth rate method. The recovery phase was used along with the blood lactate concentration for bioenergetics profiling. Results: Peak-V˙ O 2 (57.47 ± 5.7 ml kg−1 min−1 for male and 53.53 ± 4.21 ml kg−1 min−1 for female) did not differ from V˙ O 2 peak attained at the 200-MT for female and at the 100 and 200-MT for male. From the 50-MT to 100-MT and to the 200-MT the V˙ O 2K presented slower time constants (8.6 ± 2.3 s, 11.5 ± 2.4 s and 16.7 ± 5.5 s, respectively), the aerobic contribution increased (~ 34%, 54% and 71%, respectively) and the anaerobic decreased (~ 66%, 46% and 29%, respectively), presenting a cross-over in the 100-MT. Both energy systems, MAV, Peak-V˙ O 2, and V˙ O 2 peak of the MT’s were correlated with swimming performance. Discussion: The aerobic energy contribution is an important factor for performance in 50, 100, and 200-m, regardless of the time taken to adjust the absolute oxidative response, when considering the effect on a mixed-group regarding sex. V˙ O 2K speeding could be explained by a faster initial pacing strategy used in the shorter distances, that contributed for a more rapid increase of the oxidative contribution to the energy turnover. CIPER Faculdade de Motricidade Humana Universidade de Lisboa Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise Faculdade de Motricidade Humana Universidade de Lisboa Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (UNESP) at Bauru Department of Science and Technology School of Education Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal Life Quality Research Centre Polytechnic Institute of Santarém Universidade Europeia Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (UNESP) at Bauru Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia: SFRH/BD/73022/2010

This study sought to examine the variations of internal and external load measures in soccer players when performing different types of 4 vs. 4 small-sided games (SSGs). Ten U-23 professional and sub-elite soccer players, eight outfield players (age: 20.1 ± 1.5 years old, height: 1.83 ± 0.04 m, total body mass: 76.1 ± 3.6 kg) and two goalkeepers (GK) (age: 20.5 ± 2.1 years old, height: 1.91 ± 0.04 m, total body mass: 77.0 ± 1.4 kg) participated in the study. Five SSGs were performed with 3 min duration and 3 min rest interval. SSG1, SSG2 and SSG4 aimed for ball possession play, while in SSG3 and SSG5, two GK were added, defending regular-size goals. The pitch size changed from SSG1 (16 × 24 m) to SSG2 and SSG3 (both 20 × 30 m) and SSG4 and SSG5 (both 24 × 36 m). All players were monitored using WIMU Pro device during the tasks. Anova One-Way and the post hoc Tukey honestly significant difference were used for analysis of statistically significant differences (p &lt, 0.05) and effect sizes were determined by calculating partial eta-squared. The framework was associated with relevant but steady state internal load fatigue and induce a considerable external load stimulus. GK participation in SSGs should be carefully considered as it seems to have a greater impact on physical load measures when compared to the pitch size manipulation.

This study sought to evaluate the training load in different age category soccer players associated with distinct pitch size small-sided games (SSGs). Twenty-four soccer players (eight in each age category: U-12, U-15, and U-23) performed three consecutive 4 vs. 4 ball possession SSGs (SSG1: 16 × 24 m, SSG2: 20 × 30 m, and SSG3: 24 × 36 m) all with 3 min duration and 3 min rest. Subjects carried ultra-wideband-based position-tracking system devices (WIMU PRO, RealTrack System). Total distance covered increased from SSG1 to SSG3 in all age categories and predominantly in running speeds below 12 km∙h−1. Moreover, distance covered in 12–18 km∙h−1 running speed was different in all performed SSGs and age categories. Residual or null values were observed at 18–21 km∙h−1 or above running speed, namely in U-12, the only age category where metabolic power and high metabolic load distance differences occurred throughout the performed SSGs. Edwards’ TRIMP differences between age categories was only observed in SSG2 (U-12 &lt, U-15). The design of SSGs must consider that the training load of the players differs according to their age category and metabolic assessment should be considered in parallel to external load evaluation in SSGs. Wearable technology represents a fundamental support in soccer.

Verify possible associations between obesity and knee OA in users of Brazilian Unified National Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS) of primary care network in Catalão-GO, Brazil. This is an observational study conducted in 2014 and 2015. A total of 81 volunteers from the Basic Attention Network in the city of Catalão, with body mass index (BMI) over 30 kg/m2 in both sexes, age between 40 and 60 years, and OA on radiological examination of the knee. Obesity was classified according to BMI. The diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA) was made clinically and by radiography according to Kellgren radiological classification. The level of physical activity was assessed using the Baecke questionnaire and the Gordon Functional Classification. The volunteers underwent an anthropometric evaluation and physical examination with inspection and palpation of the joint and subsequent radiological examination of the knee. The volunteers answered a questionnaire on the level of physical activity and functional classification. Data analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test or chi-square test was used for comparisons of two proportions. In comparisons of continuous variables, Student’s t-test or the nonparametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used. The level of significance was set to 5%. Practice of regular physical exercise decreases functional impairment in obese individuals with knee OA. The weight variable demonstrated a strong association with the severity of OA and degree of functionality of patients. Obesity and OA durations and lack of patient guidance are variables that may contribute to the progression of knee OA. Although the incidence among men is lower, they are more severely affected and anthropometric evaluation and physical examination are an efficacy implementations for Brazilian users of SUS. Verificar possíveis associações entre obesidade e osteoartrite (OA) de joelho em usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) da cidade de Catalão-GO. Trata-se de um estudo observacional realizado entre 2014 e 2015. Participaram deste estudo 81 voluntários da Rede de Atenção Básica da cidade de Catalão, com índice de massa corporal (IMC) acima de 30 kg / m2 em ambos os sexos, idade entre 40 e 60 anos e OA no exame radiológico do joelho. A obesidade foi classificada de acordo com o IMC. O diagnóstico de OA foi feito clinicamente e por radiografia de acordo com a classificação radiológica de Kellgren. O nível de atividade física foi avaliado pelo questionário de Baecke e pela Classificação Funcional de Gordon. Os voluntários responderam a uma avaliação antropométrica e exame físico com inspeção e palpação da articulação e posterior exame radiológico do joelho. Os voluntários responderam a um questionário sobre o nível de atividade física e classificação funcional. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste exato de Fisher ou o teste do qui-quadrado foi utilizado para comparações de duas proporções. Nas comparações das variáveis ​​contínuas, utilizou-se o teste t de Student ou o teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5%. A prática de exercício físico regular diminui o comprometimento funcional em indivíduos obesos com OA de joelho. A variável peso demonstrou uma forte associação com a gravidade da OA e o grau de funcionalidade dos pacientes. Obesidade e duração da OA e falta de orientação do paciente são variáveis ​​que podem contribuir para a progressão da OA do joelho. Embora a incidência entre os homens seja menor, eles são mais gravemente afetados. Adicionalmente, a avaliação antropométrica e o exame físico são procedimentos complementares eficazes para usuários brasileiros do SUS.

O presente estudo averiguou se as diferenças nas circunstâncias (esteira vs. pista) de avaliação da velocidade crítica (VC) interferem no valor e na relação com a desempenho em 3000 metros (v3000m) e, assim, indicar a especificidade de cada valor como parâmetro de treinamento para esta distância. Sete corredores (15,3±1,4 anos) submeteram-se a um teste progressivo máximo (incrementos de 1,0 km×h-1×min-1, até a exaustão) para avaliação do V̇O2max e velocidade aeróbia máxima (vV̇O2max). A seguir, a VC foi estimada a partir do desempenho de corrida em três diferentes intensidades do exercício, em cada ambiente de avaliação, registrando-se o tempo-limite (tLim) nas distâncias de 900, 2100 e 3300 metros na pista, e à 90, 95 e 115% vV̇O2max em esteira. Ajustes lineares, pelo método “stepwise”, forneceram os parâmetros VC em esteira (VCESTEIRA) e pista (VCPISTA), que foram comparados pelo teste de Mann-Whitney. O coeficiente de dispersão ajustado à amostra (R2 aj) averiguou a variância de v3000m com VCPISTA, VCESTEIRAe vV̇O2max. Em todas as análises adotou-se P≤0,05. No teste progressivo, o V̇O2max atingiu 54,2±5,2 mLO2∙kg-1∙min-1 e a vV̇O2max foi 16,8±1,9 km×h-1. Não se observaram diferenças entre VCESTEIRA e VCPISTA (14,0±1,8 vs. 12,3±3,2 km∙h-1, P=0,46). Houveram correlações entre v3000m com VCESTEIRA (R2 aj ~0,94), VCPISTA (R2 aj ~0,99) e vV̇O2max (R2 aj ~0,90), todas com P=0,001. Conclui-se que o contexto de avaliação não interfere na consistência do valor de VC. Porém, quanto à relação com v3000 metros, a VCPISTA apresenta melhor especificidade, tornando-a mais autêntica que VCESTEIRA para a prescrição do treino e monitoramento do desempenho.

Introduction: Strength training is able to stimulate bone tissue metabolism by increasing mechanical stress on the skeletal system. However, the direct relationship is not yet well established among younger women, since it is necessary to describe which strength enhancement level is able to produce effective changes in bone integrity. Objectives: This study analyzed the influence of muscle strength on bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) among female college students. Methods: Fifteen women (24.9 ± 7.2 years) were assessed for regional and whole-body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The one-repetition maximum (1-RM) tests were assessed on flat bench press (BP), lat pulldown (LPD), leg curl (LC), knee extension (KE), and 45 degree leg press (45LP). Linear regression analyzed the relationships of BMC/BMD with regional composition and 1-RM test values. Measures of dispersion and error (R2 adj and SEE) were tested, defining a p-value of 0.05. Results: The mean value of whole-body BMC was 1925.6 ± 240.4 g and the BMD was 1.03 ± 0.07 g/cm2. Lean mass (LM) was related to BMC (R2 adj = 0.86, p

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:56:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Incremental exercise testing is the standard means of assessing cardiorespiratory capacity of endurance athletes. While the maximal rate of oxygen consumption is typically used as the criterion measurement in this regard, two metabolic breakpoints that reflect changes in the dynamics of lactate production/consumption as the work rate is increased are perhaps more relevant for endurance athletes from a functional standpoint. Exercise economy, which represents the rate of oxygen consumption relative to performance of submaximal work, is also an important parameter to measure for endurance-athlete assessment. Ramp incremental tests comprising a gradual but rapid increase in work rate until the limit of exercise tolerance is reached are useful for determining these parameters. This type of test is typically performed on a cycle ergometer or treadmill because there is a need for precision with respect to work-rate incrementation. However, athletes should be tested while performing the mode of exercise required for their sport. Consequently, swimmers are typically assessed during free-swimming incremental tests where such precision is difficult to achieve. We have recently suggested that stationary swimming against a load that is progressively increased (incremental tethered swimming) can serve as a swim ergometer by allowing sufficient precision to accommodate a gradual but rapid loading pattern that reveals the aforementioned metabolic breakpoints and exercise economy. However, the degree to which the peak rate of oxygen consumption achieved during such a protocol approximates the maximal rate that is measured during free swimming remains to be determined. In the present article, we explain how this rapidly incremented tethered-swimming protocol can be employed to assess the cardiorespiratory capacity of a swimmer. Specifically, we explain how assessment of a short-distance competitive swimmer using this protocol revealed that his rate of oxygen uptake was 30.3 and 34.8 mL∙min-1∙kg-1BM at his gas-exchange threshold and respiratory compensation point, respectively. Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (UNESP) at Bauru Institute of Bioscience São Paulo State University (UNESP) at Rio Claro Ciper Faculdade de Motricidade Humana Universidade de Lisboa Department of Science and Technology School of Education Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal Quality of Life Research Center Polytechnic Institute of Santarem Universidade Europeia at Lisbon Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Bone Disease Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Department of Biobehavioral Sciences Teachers College Columbia University Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University (UNESP) at Bauru Institute of Bioscience São Paulo State University (UNESP) at Rio Claro FAPESP: 2016/04544-3 FAPESP: 2016/17735-1

This study sought to examine inter-limb asymmetries in common screening tests performed during preseason and to analyze the relationship between the performance in the different tests. Nineteen high-level senior and professional soccer players (age: 23.2 ± 3.1 years, height: 181 ± 0.06 cm, body mass: 75.2 ± 4.8 kg) performed several common screening tests during preseason: Dorsiflexion lunge test (DLT), bent knee fall out test (BKFO), y-balance anterior test (YBT A), y-balance posterolateral test (YBT PL), Y-balance posteromedial test (YBT PM), Heel-rise test (HRT) and single leg hamstring bridge test (SLHBT). High levels of reliability (ICC &gt, 0.88 and &lt, 0.94) were observed in all the studied variables. Inter-limb significant differences were observed in DLT and YBT PM test (p &lt, 0.01) but YBT A, HRT and SLHBT presented trivial effect size (ES) (0.03, 0.07 and 0.13, respectively), contrary to DLT, BKFO and YBT PL, all with small ES (0.20, −0.23 and −0.22) and YBT PM, which revealed very large ES (2.91). Considering all data, high-level senior and professional soccer players present fairly good mean values of lower limb symmetry. Performance considering all tests was different, a fact associated with different biomechanical dynamics (e.g., YBT), nonetheless, the correlations between tests underline the relationship between these, which could represent important evidence to consider for injury prevention and performance enhancement programs.

RESUMO Introdução: O ponto de compensação respiratória (PCR) representa a taxa metabólica durante um teste incremental máximo, a partir da qual se perde o controle do equilíbrio ácido-base. Entretanto, a velocidade crítica (VC) define o limite superior do domínio pesado do exercício, no qual a exaustão não está relacionada à perturbação metabólica. Objetivo: Comparar a resposta fisiológica (frequência cardíaca - FC, lactato sanguíneo - [La] e consumo de oxigênio - V̇O2) e perceptual (percepção subjetiva de esforço - PSE) durante o exercício na VC e no PCR, visando analisar as similaridades contextuais. Métodos: Dez corredores adolescentes (15,8 ± 1,7 anos) submeteram-se a um teste progressivo (incrementos de 1,0 km×h-1 por minuto, até a exaustão) para determinar V̇O2max, PCR e velocidades correspondentes. A VC foi estimada por três esforços, com tempo limite previsto entre 2 e 12 minutos. Os participantes realizaram dois esforços de sete minutos cada, em dias diferentes, na VC e vPCR. Foram registradas FC, PSE (escala 6-20) a cada minuto e [La] de repouso e após cada esforço. O V̇O2 foi analisado respiração a respiração durante os esforços. O teste de Mann-Whitney comparou as respostas de FC, [La], V̇O2 e PSE em VC e vPCR. A variância entre essas respostas foi analisada pelo coeficiente de dispersão (R2). O índice de significância foi P≤0,05. Resultados: Os valores máximos no teste progressivo foram 56,1 ± 5,5 ml×kg-1×min-1 (V̇O2max), 16,5 ± 1,7 km×h-1 (vV̇O2max), 202 ± 12 bpm (FCmax), 19,4 ± 1,3 (PSE) e 12,7 ± 3,1 mmol×L-1 ([La]). Não foram observadas diferenças entre VC (a 83,8 ± 3,6% vV̇O2max) e vPCR (a 86,5 ± 3,6% vV̇O2max) nas respostas de PSE (P = 0,761), FC (P = 0,096), [La] (P = 0,104) e V̇O2 (P = 0,364). Demonstrou-se haver correlações entre VC e vPCR nas respostas de [La] (R2 = 0,76; P = 0,011), PSE (R2 = 0,84; P < 0,01) e V̇O2max (R2 = 0,82; P < 0,01). Conclusão: Pode-se inferir que o exercício em PCR reproduziu uma resposta fisiológica e perceptual similar àquela em VC.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2016v28n49p146Esta pesquisa está estruturada a partir da investigação de 51 produções científicas publicadas nos principais bancos de teses/dissertações e artigos científicos que abordam a formação de professores de Educação Física no período entre 2005-2014. Foi proposto verificar quais aspectos da formação de professores têm se apresentado como foco das pesquisas nesse período destacando o conhecimento trazido nas produções que retratam especificamente a formação docente. Para análise da literatura encontrada foi utilizada a técnica da Análise de Conteúdo segundo Bardin (2011). Destaca-se uma parca produção a respeito do tema. Os argumentos apresentados sinalizam o descompasso entre o conhecimento específico e a didática; relação teoria/prática fragmentada, problemática, confusa, portadora de conflitos e antagonismos; disciplinas pedagógicas com pouca frequência e inseridas tardiamente nos cursos, circunstâncias que desencadeiam certa fragilidade na formação. As produções enfatizam prioritariamente o ensino, muito embora, esteja previsto para os cursos superiores a indissociabilidade entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão.

We aimed to compare the velocity, physiological responses, and stroke mechanics between the lactate parameters determined in an incremental step test (IST) and maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). Fourteen well-trained male swimmers (16.8 &plusmn, 2.8 years) were timed for 400 m and 200 m (T200). Afterwards, a 7 &times, 200-m front-crawl IST was performed. Swimming velocity, heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (BLC), stroke mechanics, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured throughout the IST and in the 30-min continuous test (CT) bouts for MLSS determination. Swimming velocities at lactate threshold determined with log-log methodology (1.34 &plusmn, 0.06 m∙s&minus, 1) and Dmax methodology (1.40 &plusmn, 1), and also, the velocity at BLC of 4 mmol∙L&minus, 1 (1.36 &plusmn, 0.07) were not significantly different from MLSSv, however, Bland&ndash, Altman analysis showed wide limits of agreement and the concordance correlation coefficient showed poor strength of agreement between the aforementioned parameters which precludes their interchangeable use. Stroke mechanics, HR, RPE, and BLC in MLSSv were not significantly different from the fourth repetition of IST (85% of T200), which by itself can provide useful support to daily practice of well-trained swimmers. Nevertheless, the determination of MLSSv, based on a CT, remains more accurate for exercise evaluation and prescription.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:52:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-08-01 This study aimed to investigate the effect of prior LED sessions on the responses of cardiorespiratory parameters during the running incremental step test. Twenty-six healthy, physically active, young men, aged between 20 and 30 years, took part in this study. Participants performed two incremental load tests after placebo (PLA) and light-emitting diode application (LED), and had their gas exchange, heart rate (HR), blood lactate, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) monitored during all tests. The PLA and LED conditions were compared using the dependent Student t test with significance set at 5%. The T test showed higher maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) (PLA = 47.2 ± 5.7; LED = 48.0 ± 5.4 ml kg−1 min−1, trivial effect size), peak velocity (Vpeak) (PLA = 13.4 ± 1.2; LED = 13.6 ± 1.2 km h−1, trivial effect size), and lower maximum HR (PLA = 195.3 ± 3.4; LED = 193.3 ± 3.9 b min−1, moderate effect size) for LED compared to PLA conditions. Furthermore, submaximal values of HR and RPE were lower, and submaximal VO2 values were higher when LED sessions prior to the incremental step test were applied. A positive response of the previous LED application in the blood lactate disappearance was also demonstrated, especially 13 and 15 min after the test. It is concluded that LED sessions prior to exercise modify cardiorespiratory response by affecting running tolerance during the incremental step test, metabolite clearance, and RPE. Therefore, LED could be used as a prior exercise strategy to modulate oxidative response acutely in targeted muscle and enhance exercise tolerance. Department of Physical Education State University of Maringá (UEM), Colombo Avenue, 5790 Department of Physical Education Paulista State University Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP) Department of Physical Education Paulista State University Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:35:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01 The relationship between muscle strength and bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) is supposed from the assumption of the mechanical stress influence on bone tissue metabolism. However, the direct relationship is not well established in younger men, since the enhancement of force able to produce effective changes in bone health, still needs to be further studied. This study aimed to analyze the influence of muscle strength on BMC and BMD in undergraduate students. Thirty six men (24.9 ± 8.6 y/o) were evaluated for regional and whole-body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). One repetition maximum tests (1RM) were assessed on flat bench-press (BP), lat-pull down (LPD), leg-curl (LC), knee extension (KE), and leg-press 45 (LP45) exercises. Linear regression modelled the relationships of BMD and BMC to the regional body composition and 1RM values. Measurements of dispersion and error (R2 adj and standard error of estimate (SEE)) were tested, setting at 0.05. The BMD mean value for whole-body was 1.12±0.09 g/cm2 and BMC attained 2477.9 ± 379.2 g. The regional lean mass (LM) in upper-limbs (UL) (= 6.80±1.21 kg) was related to BMC and BMD for UL (R2 adj = 0.74, p

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:20:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-10-01 The purpose of the present study was to investigate the ergogenic effects of 4 weeks of β- alanine supplementation on peak oxygen uptake (V. O 2peak ) and force associated with V. O 2peak (FV. O2peak) during a tethered swimming graded exercise test, and a three-minute all-out effort (3minALL-OUT) in water polo players. Twenty-two male national competitive level water polo players were randomly assigned to receive either 4 weeks of β-alanine (n = 11) or a placebo (n = 11) ((i.e., 4.8 g day -1 for 10 days, then6.4 g day -1 for 18 days, result, resulting in 163.2 g over 28 days). The participants performed the TSGET and 3minALL-OUT before and after the supplementation period. There were no significant interaction effects between-groups for any variable, however, the magnitude-based inferences analyses showed a possibly beneficial effect (74%) of β-alanine supplementation on FV. O2peak compared to placebo treatment (Δ% [post-pre] for Placebo group = -5.2%; Δ %[post-pre] for β-alanine group = +0.7%). Only the β-alanine group presented a significant reduction in V. O2peak expressed in absolute values (PRE = 3.3±0.6L min-1; POST = 3.0±0.4L min-1; p = .021). Similarly, only the β-alanine group presented a significant increase in critical force (PRE = 51.2±10.4N; POST = 56.5 ±13.1N; p = .044) and a reduction in the curvature constant parameter (W; PRE = 2998.0 ±1103.7N s; POST = 2224.6±1058.9N s; p = .049). Thus, we can conclude that 4 weeks of β-alanine supplementation presented mixed results in water polo players, indicating that this nutritional strategy may not be effective in improving parameters of the TS GET and 3min ALL-OUT . Copyright: 2018 Brisola et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences Sao Paulo State University-UNESP Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE)-Sao Paulo State University-UNESP School of Sciences Department of Physical Education Sao Paulo State University-UNESP School of Sciences Department of Physical Education School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto University of Sao Paulo Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences Sao Paulo State University-UNESP Laboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance (LAFIDE)-Sao Paulo State University-UNESP School of Sciences Department of Physical Education Sao Paulo State University-UNESP School of Sciences Department of Physical Education

RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento em circuito é um modelo de treinamento resistido que permite uma variada combinação de sobrecarga e, por isso, requer mais informações para que se compreenda a demanda glicolítica anaeróbia durante sua execução. Objetivo: O objetivo foi comparar dois protocolos de treinamento com pesos, com (Tconv) e sem (Tcirc) pausa entre as execuções, quanto à resposta do lactato sanguíneo ([la]). Métodos: Onze homens (21,0 ± 2,3 anos; 76,7 ± 5,4 kg, 179,5 ± 7,0 cm) foram submetidos ao teste de repetição máxima. O Tcirc e o Tconv foram prescritos a 60%1RM, 12 repetições, sendo três passagens com pausa de 300 s para Tcirc e três séries de cada exercício com 180 s de pausa para o Tconv. Os exercícios que compuseram ambos os protocolos de treinamento foram: supino reto, cadeira extensora unilateral, peck-deck, mesa flexora, pulley alto, leg press 45º, remada horizontal e panturrilha no hack. O teste de ANOVA (Bonferroni post hoc) comparou o [la] no 1º, 3º e 5º minuto após as passagens no Tcirc e após cada série no Tconv. O teste t independente comparou as médias do pico de lactato entre Tcirc e Tconv. Em todas as análises adotou-se p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Foram observadas diferenças para o [la] entre a 1ª (10,6 ± 1,0 mmol/l) e a 2ª passagem (13,5 ± 1,8 mmol/l, P = 0,01) e entre a 1ª e a 3ª passagem (15,0 ± 2,5 mmol/l, P < 0,01) no Tcirc. Durante Tconv, os maiores valores médios de [la] foram observadas nos exercícios pulley alto (11,2 ± 2,2 mmol/l) e leg press 45º (11,9 ± 2,6 mmol/l). Houve diferença (P < 0,01) ao comparar o pico de [la] após Tconv (12,8 ± 2,2 mmol/l) e Tcirc (15,9 ± 2,0 mmol/l). Conclusão: O Tcirc demanda maior resposta glicolítica, enfatizando sua efetividade no aumento da capacidade anaeróbia muscular. Além disso, a execução não intermitente do Tcirc pode explicar sua maior demanda glicolítica, uma vez que Tconv e Tcirc foram proporcionalmente delineados, quanto ao volume e carga do protocolo. Nível de Evidência I; Estudos diagnósticos-Investigação de um exame para diagnóstico. ABSTRACT Introduction: Circuit training is a model of resistance exercise that allows a varied combination of overload and therefore, requires more information to understand the anaerobic glycolytic demand during its execution. Objective: The objective was to compare two weight training protocols with (Tconv) and without (Tcirc) pause between performances, regarding the blood lactate ([la]) response. Methods: Eleven men (21.0±2.3 years old, 76.7±5.4 kg, 179.5±7.0 cm) underwent to one-maximum repetition test (1RM). Tconv and Tcirc were prescribed at 60%1RM, 12 repetitions, three laps with 300 s rest for Tcirc and three series of exercise with 180 s rest for Tconv. The exercises that comprised both training protocols were bench press, unilateral leg extension, shoulder press, double leg curl, high pulley, leg press 45º, seated row and hack-squat. The ANOVA (Bonferroni post-hoc) test compared [la] at the 1st, 3rd e 5th minute after the Tcirc laps and after each Tconv series. The independent t-test compared the means of the lactate peak between Tcirc and Tconv. In all analyzes the level of significance was set at P≤0.05. Results: Differences were observed for the [la] between the 1st (10.6±1.0 mmol/l) and 2nd lap (13.5±1.8 mmol/l, P=0.01), and between 1st and 3rd lap (15.0±2.5 mmol/L, P

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:48:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-01 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a tethered-swimming incremental test comprising small increases in resistive force applied every 60 seconds could delineate the isocapnic region during rapidly-incremented exercise. Sixteen competitive swimmers (male, n = 11; female, n = 5) performed: (a) a test to determine highest force during 30 seconds of all-out tethered swimming (Favg) and the ΔF, which represented the difference between Favg and the force required to maintain body alignment (Fbase), and (b) an incremental test beginning with 60 seconds of tethered swimming against a load that exceeded Fbase by 30% of ΔF followed by increments of 5% of ΔF every 60 seconds. This incremental test was continued until the limit of tolerance with pulmonary gas exchange (rates of oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production) and ventilatory (rate of minute ventilation) data collected breath by breath. These data were subsequently analyzed to determine whether two breakpoints defining the isocapnic region (i.e., gas exchange threshold and respiratory compensation point) were present. We also determined the peak rate of O2 uptake and exercise economy during the incremental test. The gas exchange threshold and respiratory compensation point were observed for each test such that the associated metabolic rates, which bound the heavy-intensity domain during constant-work-rate exercise, could be determined. Significant correlations (Spearman's) were observed for exercise economy along with (a) peak rate of oxygen uptake (ρ = .562; p < 0.025), and (b) metabolic rate at gas exchange threshold (ρ = -.759; p < 0.005). A rapidly-incremented tethered-swimming test allows for determination of the metabolic rates that define zones for domain-specific constant-work-rate training. Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) College of Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute Polytechnical Septúbal Association of Aquatic Sports (ABDA) Department of Biobehavioral Sciences Columbia University Teachers College, 525 W. 120th Street Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) College of Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP)

The aim of the present study was to analyse the usefulness of the 6-20 rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale for prescribing and self-regulating high-intensity interval training (HIT) in young individuals. Eight healthy young subjects (age = 27.5±6.7 years) performed maximal graded exercise testing to determine their maximal and reserve heart rate (HR). Subjects then performed two HIT sessions (20 min on a treadmill) prescribed and regulated by their HR (HR: 1 min at 50% alternated with 1 min at 85% of reserve HR) or RPE (RPE: 1 minute at the 9-11 level [very light-fairly light] alternated with 1 minute at the 15-17 level [hard-very hard]) in random order. HR response and walking/running speed during the 20 min of exercise were compared between sessions. No significant difference between sessions was observed in HR during low- (HR: 135±15 bpm; RPE: 138±20 bpm) and high-intensity intervals (HR: 168±15 bpm; RPE: 170±18 bpm). Walking/running speed during low- (HR: 5.7±1.2 km · h(-1); RPE: 5.7±1.3 km · h(-1)) and high-intensity intervals (HR: 7.8±1.9 km · h(-1); RPE: 8.2±1.7 km · h(-1)) was also not different between sessions. No significant differences were observed in HR response and walking/running speed between HIT sessions prescribed and regulated by HR or RPE. This finding suggests that the 6-20 RPE scale may be a useful tool for prescribing and self-regulating HIT in young subjects.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-02T12:39:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-10-01Bitstream added on 2015-02-02T13:08:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1517-86922014000500359.pdf: 709876 bytes, checksum: 43d77020fe5bd898cde1b76c51ef78aa (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) INTRODUÇÃO: A perspectiva do nado atado constituir um contexto válido para a avaliação aeróbia de nadadores foi investigada no presente estudo. OBJETIVO: Analisar a relação entre a potência em máxima fase estável de lactato no nado atado (PAtadaMFEL) com seu respectivo índice em nado desimpedido (velocidade em MFEL, vMFEL) e com outros índices da aptidão aeróbia e desempenho de nado crawl. MÉTODOS: Dez nadadores (16,6 ± 1,4 anos) foram submetidos às estimativas de: (a) PAtadoCrítica (transformação da assíntota do modelo carga-tempo limite hiperbólico, CargaCríticaAtada), (b) PAtadaMFEL e vMFEL (3 ou 4 esforços de 30 minutos entre 95 a 105% da Carga CríticaAtada e entre 85 a 95% da velocidade máxima nos 400 m, respectivamente), (c) teste progressivo (79-100% da v400m, com incrementos de 3%) para a determinação da velocidade no ponto de inflexão (vPI), e (d) testes de desempenho nas distâncias de 400 (v400m), 800 (v800m) e 1500 (v1500m) metros. Os coeficientes de Pearson e de variância analisaram as correlações entre os parâmetros aeróbios e destes com o desempenho. O teste de Bland-Altman foi utilizado para analisar a concordância entre as concentrações de lactato nas avaliações aeróbias. RESULTADOS: O valor de PAtadaMFEL (89,2 ± 15,1 W) apresentou potencial similar de explicação da variância nos desempenhos em v400m (1,29 ± 0,11 m.s-1, R2 = 0,700), v800m (1,23 ± 0,12 m.s-1, R2 = 0,770) e v1500m (1,21 ± 0,12 m.s-1, R2 = 0,698) tal como vMFEL (1,17 ± 0,11 m.s-1) e vPI (1,19 ± 0,11 m.s-1). As concentrações de lactato sanguíneo em PAtadaMFEL, vMFEL e vPI não diferem entre si e distribuíram-se dentro dos limites de concordância. CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se concluir que a aplicação de MFEL em nado atado mostrou-se válida e promissora para a avaliação aeróbia de nadadores. INTRODUCTION: The validity of tethered-swimming to assess swimmer endurance capacity was analyzed in the present research. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between the mechanical power at maximal lactate steady state (PTethMLSS) with its respective parameter in free swimming (velocity at MLSS, vMLSS) and with others indices of aerobic evaluation and endurance performance in free crawl swimming. METHODS: Ten male swimmers (16.6 ± 1.4 years old) were submitted to the following measurements: (a) CPTeth (estimated from non-linear asymptote for load and time-limited plotting, CriticalLoad), (b) PTethMLSS and vMLSS (3 or 4 trials ranging from 95 to 105% of CriticalLoad and 85 to 95% of 400-m crawl performance, respectively), (c) an incremental protocol (79-100% of v400m, with step increments of 3%) to assess velocity at inflexion point (vIP) and, (d) swimming performance of 400 (v400m), 800 (v800m) and 1500 (v1500m) meters. Pearson and variance coefficients were used to analyze the relationships between aerobic parameters and performance indexes. Bland-Altman test was used to analyze the agreement between blood lactate values. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05 for all analysis. RESULTS: Values of PTethMLSS (89.2 ± 15.1 W) presented similar potential to explain the variance of performance in v400m (1.29 ± 0.11 m.s-1, R2 = 0.700), v800m (1.23 ± 0.12 m.s-1, R2 = 0.770) and v1500m (1.21 ± 0.12 m.s-1, R2 = 0.698), as well as vMLSS (1.17 ± 0.11 m.s-1) and vIP (1.19 ± 0.11 m.s-1). Blood lactate levels at PTethMLSS, vMLSS and vIP were not different and were distributed within the concordance limits. CONCLUSION: We concluded that MFEL in tethered-swimming is a valid and promising protocol for aerobic evaluation of swimmers. INTRODUCCIÓN: La perspectiva del nado atado en constituir un contexto válido para la evaluación aeróbica de nadadores fue investigada en el presente estudio. OBJETIVO: Analizar la relación entre la potencia en máxima fase estable de lactato en el nado atado (PAtadaMEEL) con su respectivo índice en nado libre (velocidad en MFEL, vMFEL), y con otros índices de aptitud aeróbica en nado crawl. MÉTODOS: Diez nadadores (16,6± 1,4 años) fueron sometidos a la estimativa de (a) PAtadaCrítica (transformación de la asíntota del modelo carga-tiempo límite hiperbólico, CargaCríticaAtada), (b) PAtadaMEEL y vMEEL (tres o cuatro esfuerzos de 30 minutos entre 95 y 105% de la CargaCríticaAtada y entre 85-95% de la velocidad máxima en los 400 metros, respectivamente), (c) prueba progresiva (79-100% de la v400m con incrementos de 3%) para la determinación de la velocidad en el punto de inflexión (vPI), y (d) pruebas de rendimiento en las distancias de 400 (v400m), 800 (v800m) y 1500 (v1500m) metros. Los coeficientes de Pearson y de variancia analizaron las correlaciones entre los parámetros aeróbicos y de éstos con el desempeño. El test de Bland-Altman fue utilizado para analizar la concordancia entre las concentraciones de lactato en las evaluaciones aeróbicas. RESULTADOS: El valor de PAtadaMEEL (89,2 ± 15,1W) presentó potencial similar de explicación de la variancia en los desempeños en v400m (1,29 ± 0,11 m.s-1, R2 = 0,700), v800m (1,23 ± 0,12 m.s-1, R2 = 0.770) y v1500m (1,21 ± 0,12 m.s-1, R2 = 0,698) tal como vMFEL (1,17 ± 0,11 m.s-1) y vPI (1,19 ± 0,11 m.s-1). Las concentraciones de lactato sanguíneo en la PAtadaMEEL, vMEEL y vIP no se diferenciaron entre sí y se distribuyeron dentro de los límites de concordancia. CONCLUSIÓN: Se puede concluir que la aplicación de MFEL en nado atado se mostró válida y promisora para la evaluación aeróbica de nadadores. Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista

Oxidative stress is involved in degenerative processes, aging, and diseases. Lifestyle can be change oxidative stress. One of reactive oxygen species targets is polyunsaturated fatty acid, an important cellular membrane component. The aim of this study is to analyse the contribute of lifestyle in lipid peroxidation in over fourty years old women. Were included 60 women whith age ranged between 41 and 82 years old (53.3 ± 9.1 years). Lifestyle were explored doing a food frequency questionnaire, Perceptive Stress Scale (PSS) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The functional capacity was determinate by 6-min walking test (cardiorespiratory capacity) and Squat-jump (leg strength and power). Parameters of oxidative stress were determinate from plasma during fasting, lipid peroxidation was evaluated by TBARs, and antioxidant capacity was evaluated by catalase activity and ABTS. Spearman correlation and Multiple Linear Regression model, through Stepwise method, considering TBARs as dependent variable, and age, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, stress perception, physical activity level, total antioxidant capacity, catalase activity, cardiorespiratory capacity, leg strength and power, daily caloric intake, daily fruit, vegetables, coffee/tea, vitamin E and alcohol intake, as independent variable, was performed. Negative correlations were obtained between TBARs and cardiorespiratory capacity (r= -0.35; p=0.026) and between TBARS and ABTS (r= -0.33; p=0.038). Total antioxidant capacity was the model’s first variable (F= 5.50; p = 0.013), explaining 15.3% of TBARS, then cardiorespiratory capacity (F= 5.50; p = 0.047), explaining 10.5% of TBARs The results revealed total antioxidant capacity and cardiorespiratory capacity as predictors to lipid peroxidation damage.

RESUMO Introdução: Poucos estudos analisaram a contribuição da composição regional de nadadores para o perfil aeróbio, anaeróbio e o desempenho de nado. Objetivo: Verificar a influência da composição corporal regional e total sobre índices da aptidão aeróbia e anaeróbia em nado atado e livre, bem como sobre o desempenho de curta e média duração. Métodos: Onze nadadores (18,0 ± 4,0 anos) foram submetidos a: (1) teste incremental em nado atado, com coleta de gases respiração-a-respiração (K4b2 associado ao novo-AquaTrainerâ); e (2) tempo limite nos desempenhos de 200, 400 e 800 metros de nado livre. A regressão linear entre distância e tempo (d-tLim) empregou o método dos quadrados mínimos. O coeficiente de Pearson (r) averiguou as correlações da composição corporal regional e total com índices da aptidão aeróbica e anaeróbica em nado atado e livre. Resultados: Os valores da massa isenta de gordura (MIG) foram: 61,7 ± 7,4 kg; 7,5 ± 1,1 kg; 28,3 ± 3,7 kg; 22,1 ± 2,5 kg, respectivamente para corpo todo, membros superiores (MS), tronco (T) e membros inferiores (MI). O consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max) foi 52,1 ± 5,3 ml×kg-1×min-1, sendo a carga correspondente (iVO2max) de 93,9 ± 12,2 N. O tempo em 200 (132,2 ± 9,7 s), 400 (296,8 ± 17,2 s) e 800 metros (619,5 ± 26,9 s) forneceu velocidade crítica (VC = 1,23 ± 0,06 m×s-1) e capacidade anaeróbica de nado (CNA = 35,8 ± 15,1 m). Observaram-se correlações de iVO2max, CAN e v200m com MIG para MS (r = 0,64; 0,67 e 0,76), porém a MIG para T, MI e corporal demonstraram correlações apenas com v200m (r = 0,75; 0,69 e 0,75) e CAN (r = 0,71; 0,69 e 0,75). Conclusão: Houve, portanto, influência da MIG regional e corporal sobre o desempenho de curta distância e reservas anaeróbias, sendo a MIG-MS também influente sobre a iVO2max, e assim relacionada ao aprimoramento do desempenho de nado. ABSTRACT Introduction: There have been few studies analyzing the regional body contribution of swimmers for aerobic and anaerobic profiles and swimming performance. Objective: To verify the influence of regional and whole-body composition on aerobic and anaerobic fitness indices in free and tethered swimming, as well as short- and medium-term performance. Methods: Eleven swimmers (18.0 ± 4.0 years old) were submitted to: (1) an incremental test in tethered swimming, with breath-by-breath gas exchange sampling (K4b2 associated with the new-AquaTrainerâ), and (2) timeout while performing the 200, 400 and 800 meter freestyle. Linear regression analysis between distance and time (d-tLim) was performed using the least squares method. Pearson's coefficient (r) was used to test the correlations between regional and whole-body composition and aerobic and anaerobic fitness indices in freestyle and tethered swimming. Results: Mean values for fat free mass (FFM) were: 61.7±7.4 kg; 7.5±1.1 kg; 28.3±3.7 kg; 22.1±2.5 kg, respectively, for the whole-body, upper-limbs (UL), trunk (T) and lower-limbs (LL). Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was 52.1±5.3 ml×kg-1×min-1, and respective load (iVO2max) was 93.9 ± 12.2 N. The timeout in 200 (132.2±9.7 s), 400 (296.8±17.2 s) and 800 meters (619.5±26.9 s) provided critical velocity (CV = 1.23±0.06 m×s-1) and anaerobic swimming capacity (ASC = 35.8±15.1 m). Correlations were observed for iVO2max, ASC and v200m with FFM for UL (r = 0.64; 0.67 and 0.76), but FFM for T, LL and whole body were related only with v200m (r = 0.75; 0.69 and 0.75) and ASC (r = 0.71; 0.69 and 0.75). Conclusion: Regional and whole-body FFM influenced short-term performance and anaerobic reserves; FFM for UL was also related to iVO2max, and was therefore associated with improved swimming performance. RESUMEN Introducción: Pocos estudios han examinado la contribución de la composición regional de los nadadores para el perfil aerobio, anaerobio y el rendimiento de nado. Objetivo: Verificar la influencia de la composición corporal regional y total sobre índices de aptitud aerobia y anaerobia en nado estacionario y libre, así como sobre el rendimiento de corta y media duración. Métodos: Once nadadores (18,0 ± 4,0 años) fueron sometidos a: (1) test incremental en nado estacionario, con coleta de gases respiración a respiración (K4b2 asociado al nuevo-AquaTrainerâ); y (2) tiempo límite en el rendimiento de 200, 400 y 800 metros en nado libre. La regresión lineal entre la distancia y el tiempo (d-tLim) utilizó el método de los mínimos cuadrados. Se empleó el coeficiente de Pearson (r) para examinar las correlaciones entre la composición corporal regional y total con los índices de capacidad aerobia y anaerobia en el nado estacionario y en el nado libre. Resultados: Los valores de masa libre de grasa (MLG) fueron: 61,7±7,4 kg; 7,5±1,1 kg; 28,3±3,7 kg; 22,1±2,5 kg, respectivamente, para todo el cuerpo, extremidades superiores (ES), tronco (T) y extremidades inferiores (EI). El consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2máx) fue 52,1 ± 5,3 ml×kg-1×min-1, y la carga correspondiente (iVO2máx) fue 93,9 ± 12,2 N. El tiempo en 200 (132,2 ± 9,7 s), 400 (296,8 ± 17,2 s) y 800 metros (619,5 ± 26,9 s) estableció la velocidad crítica (VC = 1,23±0,06 m×s-1) y la capacidad del nado anaerobia (CNA = 35,8 ± 15,1 m). Se verificaron correlaciones entre iVO2máx, CNA y v200m con MLG de ES (r = 0,64, 0,67 y 0,76), pero la MLG para T, EI y corporal demostraron correlaciones sólo con la v200m (r = 0,75, 0,69 y 0,75) y la CNA (r = 0,71, 0,69 y 0,75). Conclusión: Por lo tanto, hubo influencia de la MLG regional y total en el rendimiento a corto plazo y en las reservas anaerobias, mientras la MLG-ES influye en la iVO2máx y así en la mejora del rendimiento en la natación.

Estruturado a partir de nove producoes cientificas publicadas no banco de dados da Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) e Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertacoes (BDTD), este estudo realiza uma analise sobre a formacao do profissional de Educacao Fisica para atuacao na area da saude no periodo entre 2005 e 2014. Para analise das producoes foi utilizada a Analise de Conteudo descrita por Bardin (2011). Preliminarmente, vale destacar que e escassa a producao cientifica sobre o tema. Os textos sinalizam o descompasso entre o conhecimento especifico e a didatica; relacao teoria/pratica fragmentada e conceito de saude relacionado a mudanca de comportamento. Sinalizam tambem o periodo de transicao do modelo curricular, no qual, experiencias desenvolvidas nessa area vao se consolidando e podem auxiliar a reformulacao do curriculo dos cursos e a possivel elaboracao de diretrizes mais adequadas a essa demanda de formacao. Descritores : Formacao de Professores, Educacao Fisica, Atuacao na Area da Saude. Physical education teacher formation for work in health area Abstract: Structured from nine scientific productions published in the database of the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (CAPES) And Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD), This study makes an analysis about the formation of the Physical Education professional to work in the health area between 2005 and 2014. To analyze the productions, the Content Analysis described by Bardin (2011) was used. Preliminarily, it is worth noting that the scientific production on the subject is scarce. The texts signal the mismatch between specific knowledge and didactics; Relationship theory/ practice fragmented and health concept related to behavior change. also signal the transition period of the curriculum model, in which experiences developed in this area will be consolidated and can help to redesign the curriculum of the courses and the possible development of more suited to this demand training guidelines. Descriptors: Teacher Training, Physical Education, Acting in Health Area. Formacion de profesores de educacion fisica para que actuen en area de la salud Resumen: Este estudio fue estructurado a partir de nueve trabajos cientificos publicados en la base de datos de la Coordinacion de Educacion Superior de Personal de Mejora (CAPES) y la Biblioteca Digital Brasilena de Tesis y Disertaciones (BDTD), este estudio realiza un analisis de la formacion del profesional de la Educacion Fisica el rendimiento en materia de salud entre 2005 y 2014. Para el analisis de la produccion se utilizo el analisis de contenido descrita por Bardin (2011). De manera preliminar, vale la pena senalar que hay poca literatura cientifica sobre el tema. Los textos indican la brecha entre el conocimiento y la didactica especifica; relacion teoria/ practica y el concepto fragmentada de un cambio de comportamiento relacionado con la salud. Tambien senalar el periodo de transicion del modelo de plan de estudios, en el que se consolidaran las experiencias desarrolladas en esta area y pueden ayudar a redisenar el plan de estudios de los cursos y el posible desarrollo de adaptacion a las directrices de formacion de esta demanda. Descriptores: Formacion del Profesorado, Educacion Fisica, Experiencia en la Salud.

Vinte e quatro nadadores masters participaram no estudo (42.0 ± 7.4 anos, 1.74 ± 0.09 m, 74.8 ± 14.1 kg). Salto vertical com contra movimento (CMJ) e lançamento da bola medicinal (BM) de 3kg foram realizados. Em piscina de 25 m, cada nadador completou 50 m com partida dentro de água em nado crol, tendo sido registado o desempenho aos 25 e 50 m (T25, T50). A velocidade crítica anaeróbia (VCaN) foi determinada através do declive da relação distância-tempo (Dd-t) nas duas distâncias de nado. T25 e T50 (respetivamente 19.0 ± 2.7-seg e 38.8 ± 6.4-seg) revelaram-se correlacionados com CMJ (27.2 ± 5.0 m) (respetivamente, r = -0,78 e -0.73, p < 0.01) e BM (4.3 ± 1.0 m) (r = -0.68 e -0.58 , p < 0.01). A VCaN25,50 (1.31 ± 0.23 m.s-1) revelou-se correlacionada com o T25 (r = -0.92, p < 0.01) e o T50 (r = -0.98, p < 0.01). Os parâmetros de força revelam-se importantes no desempenho em meio aquático em nadadores masters e a VCaN poderá ser relevante no treino de nadadores masters. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-30T18:18:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014Bitstream added on 2014-10-01T14:04:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1980-00372014000200233.pdf: 281021 bytes, checksum: ed32f78ad9b9e7c2be1f9a7ee3c83e1d (MD5) A cinética do consumo de oxigênio (VO2) e a resposta do lactato sanguíneo durante o exercício de carga constante em diferentes intensidades permitem caracterizar os domínios moderado, pesado e severo do exercício. Em exercício de intensidade constante, o perfil da resposta do VO2, analisada por ajustes exponenciais, apresenta as fases cardiodinâmica, fundamental e lenta. A ocorrência do componente lento (CL) tem sido associada a fatores como recrutamento de fibras do tipo II e acúmulo de metabólitos, como lactato, íons H+, fosfato inorgânico e ADP. O CL expressa uma redução da eficiência muscular e tem sido associado à menor tolerância de exercícios aeróbios de intensidade alta. O presente estudo teve por objetivo detalhar a fundamentação teórica sobre sua ocorrência, a influência na tolerância ao exercício, bem como prover os diferentes procedimentos adotados em sua quantificação. Oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics and blood lactate response during constant workload exercise at different intensities allow characterizing the moderate, heavy and severe exercise domains. In constant-intensity exercise, the VO2 response profile, analyzed by exponential fits, shows the cardiodynamic, fundamental and slow phases. The occurrence of the slow component (SC) has been associated with factors such as the recruitment of type II fibers and the accumulation of metabolites such as lactate, ions H+, inorganic phosphate and adenosine diphosphate. The SC expresses a reduction of muscular efficiency and has been associated with lower tolerance to high-intensity aerobic exercise. The present study aimed to detail the theoretical framework of its occurrence and its influence on exercise tolerance, as well as providing the different procedures used in its quantification. Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Educacao Fisica Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Educacao Fisica

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:00:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pessoafilho_dm_dr_rcla.pdf: 1143306 bytes, checksum: b016fc73fb992fb299381a40997bc60e (MD5) Não se tem observado a preocupação com a descrição dos domínios de intensidade na natação e poucas tentativas foram realizadas para ajustar o modelo de P-tLim às condições desta modalidade de exercício. Este estudo pretendeu ajustar o modelo P-tLim à natação com o recurso do controle de cargas possibilitado pelo nado em condição atada. Assim como, seu significado fisiológico para a descrição dos domínios pesado/severo obtido pelas relações a serem estabelecidas com a velocidade crítica (VC - limite superior do domínio pesado), com a máxima fase estável do lactato (MFEL, que disputa com VC a indexação do limite superior do domínio pesado) e com a caracterização dos domínios pesado e severo pelos parâmetros de cinética e amplitude do VO2. Em um primeiro estudo, 24 nadadores (16,5 ± 2,7 anos e 67,7 ± 13,5 kg) submeteram-se à estimativa da força de arrasto (Fr = A  v2). A Fr encontrada em máxima velocidade foi fracionada para compor quatro estágios de teste, com tempos de exaustão entre 3-20 min. em crawl-atado. A VC foi estimada empregando quatro distâncias entre 200-1500m. A potência crítica atada (PCAtada) linear (81,9W) e não linear (71,1W) não se diferenciaram (  0,05) dos valores de PC linear (108,2W) e não linear (96,3W) estimados por VC linear (1,2m.s-1) e não linear (1,14m.s-1), através da equação do desempenho. Neste primeiro estudo, pode-se concluir que PCAtada é correlata a VC, podendo representar a capacidade aeróbia. No segundo estudo, dez nadadores (16,6  1,4 anos e 69,8  9,5 kg) foram submetidos às estimativas de PCAtado (equações lineares e hiperbólica de 2-parâmetros), VC (ajuste linear do tempo pela velocidade nos desempenhos de 200, 400 e 800m), PAtadaMFEL (3 ou 4 esforços entre 95 a 105% da carga em PCAtada hiperbólica) e à vMFEL (3 ou 4 esforços entre 85 a 95% do velocidade máxima do crawl nos 400m)... There is a lack of studies describing the domains of intensity in swimming, and few works approaches the P-tLim model in swimming. This study provided a way to assess the P-tLim model in swimming, applying the load controlled environment in full-tethered condition. The physiological meaning for the description of heavy and severe domains was established from the relationships of critical velocity (CV - upper boundary of heavy domain) to maximal lactate steady state (MLSS, conflicting with VC to demarcate the upper boundary of heavy domain), and from the descriptive characterization of kinetic and amplitude parameters of VO2. In he first study, 24 swimmers with 16.5 ± 2.7 years and 67.7 ± 13.5 kg were undertaken to drag force (Fr) estimation (Fr = A  v2). The Fr at maximal crawl velocity was the load that was fractioned to build the sets, lasting 3-20min until exhaustion. CV was calculated from distance between 200-1500m. The linear (81.9W) and non-linear (71.1W) PTethCrit were not different (  0.05) from the values of linear (108.2W) and non-linear (96.3W) PC estimative obtained from linear (1.2m.s-1) and non-linear (1.14m.s-1) CV through swim performance equation. It was conclude that PCTeth was related to CV, and reliable to indexes aerobic capacity. The second work, did analyze ten male swimmers (16.6  1.4 years and 69.8  9.5kg) that were submitted to the measurements of the CPTeth (linear and non-linear two parameters equation), CV (linear adjustment between time and velocity performance in the 200, 400 and 800m), PTethMLSS (3 or 4 trials ranging from 95 to 105% of the load at non-linear PCAtada), and vMLSS (3 or 4 trials ranging from 85 to 95% of the 400-m crawl performance). The results shown that neither CV (1.19  0.12m.s-1) nor the CPTeth (99.4  23.0W) matches the statements for MLSS, once differences were observed to the vMLSS (1.17  0.11m.s-1)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Although muscle strength, lean mass and bone mineral content/density (BMC/BMD) are consistently reported as major outcomes of resistance training (RT), there is still no agreement on the RT regimen that is capable of achieving this result in men and women of different ages. This study describes the effects of RT on muscle strength, lean mass and bone mineralization, highlighting the relationships between them and analyzing the effectiveness of the RT protocol. Information searches were conducted in open access online academic libraries, using the BMC/BMD indices combined with muscle strength, body composition, and resistance exercises. The results showed changes in BMC/BMD in 72% of the studies published in the last decade. Among these, 77% recommended loads ≥ 80% 1-RM, 61% involved older individuals (> 60 years) and 61% had planning protocols of between 3 and 5 months (~12-20 weeks). The results also highlight muscle strength as a promising index of variations in BMC/BMD, with a moderate to high level of association (r2>0.5), which are specific for men and women in relation to the body region with best responsiveness. Among the studies published in last decade, about 61% had protocols involving only RT, and of these, 82% observed combined changes in BMC/BMD, body composition and muscle strength. This review therefore concludes that RT is important for improving muscle strength, increasing lean mass (whole-body and regional) and preventing risk factors that could impair the mineral integrity of the bone tissue, in individuals of all ages and sexes. Level of Evidence I; Systematic review of Level I RCTs (and study results were homogenous). RESUMO Apesar de a força muscular, a massa magra e o conteúdo/densidade mineral óssea (BMC/BMD) serem sistematicamente relatados como os principais resultados do treinamento resistido (TR), ainda não há acordo sobre o protocolo de TR capaz de promover esse resultado em homens e mulheres de diferentes faixas etárias. O presente estudo descreve os efeitos do TR sobre força, massa magra e mineralização óssea, destacando as relações entre eles e analisando a eficiência do protocolo de TR. As pesquisas das informações foram feitas em bancos de dados acadêmicos de acesso aberto, usando os indexadores “BMC/BMD” combinados com força muscular, composição corporal e exercícios resistidos. Os resultados mostraram mudanças no BMC/BMD em 72% dos estudos publicados no último decênio. Entre estes, 77% recomendaram cargas ≥ 80% DE 1 RM, 61% envolveram idosos (> 60 anos) e 61% tiveram protocolos de planejamento entre 3 e 5 meses (~12 a 20 semanas). Os resultados também destacam a força muscular como um índice promissor de variações de BMC/BMD, com nível moderado a alto de associação (r2>0,5), que são específicos para homens e mulheres em relação à região corporal com melhor responsividade. Entre os estudos publicados no último decênio, cerca de 61% tinham protocolo que envolveu apenas TR e deles, 82% observaram alterações conjuntas de BMC/BMD, composição corporal e força muscular. Portanto, esta revisão conclui que o TR é importante para melhorar a força muscular, aumentar a massa magra (regional e corporal) e prevenir fatores de risco que podem comprometer a integridade mineral do tecido ósseo, em qualquer faixa etária e de ambos os sexos. Nível de Evidência I; Revisão sistemática de ECRC (Estudos clínicos randomizados e controlados). RESUMEN A pesar de que la fuerza muscular, la masa magra y el contenido/densidad mineral ósea (CMO/DMO) se informan sistemáticamente como los principales resultados del entrenamiento resistido (ER), todavía no hay acuerdo sobre el protocolo de ER capaz de promover ese resultado en hombres y mujeres de diferentes grupos de edad. El presente estudio describe los efectos del ER sobre la fuerza muscular, masa magra y mineralización ósea, destacando las relaciones entre ellos y la eficiencia del protocolo de ER. La investigación de las informaciones fue hecha en bases de datos académicas de acceso abierto, usando los indexadores “BMC/BMD” combinados con fuerza muscular, composición corporal y ejercicios resistidos. Los resultados mostraron cambios en el CMO/DMO en 72% de los estudios publicados en el último decenio. Entre estos, 77% recomendaron cargas ≥ 80% 1 RM, 61% involucraron a persona mayores (>60 años) y 61% tenían protocololos de planificación de entre 3 y 5 meses (~12-20 semanas). Los resultados también destacan la fuerza como un índice prometedor de variaciones de CMO/DMO, con nivel moderado a alto de asociación (r2>0,5), que son específicos para hombres y mujeres en relación a región corporal con mejor respuesta. Entre los estudios publicados en el último decenio, alrededor de 61% tenían protocolo que involucra sólo ER y de ellos, el 82% observaron alteraciones conjuntas de CMO/DMO, composición corporal y fuerza muscular. Por lo tanto, esta revisión concluye que el ER es importante para mejorar la fuerza muscular, aumentar la masa magra (regional y corporal) y prevenir factores de riesgo que pueden comprometer la integridad mineral del tejido óseo, en cualquier grupo de edad y de ambos sexos. Nivel de Evidencia I; Revisión sistemática de ECRC (Estudios clínicos randomizados y controlados).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-02T12:57:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-03-02T13:11:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ISSN0103-1716-2011-19-04-60-67.pdf: 72367 bytes, checksum: 080a3f26a834735d6fd6eba38be65243 (MD5) O objetivo deste estudo foi, identificar escores de interesse relativos às estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas entre jogadores de futebol profissional e amador. Participaram 134 jogadores de futebol do sexo masculino, 71 profissionais (idade=22,77±3,98 anos) e 63 amadores (idade=17,18±0,84 anos) de três equipes que participam dos Campeonatos Estaduais da Primeira Divisão. Os jogadores responderam individualmente a Escala Modos de Enfrentamento de Problema. O nível de significância adotado foi P