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This article advances and illustrates the concept of "leaderhood" and argues for its role in the rediscovery and renewal of the inclusive, future-oriented spirit of the enterprise of education. Leaderhood, with its links to such concepts as "citizenhood", "elderhood", and "parenthood", is intended to convey a deep sense both of relatedness and of open-ended, future-focused concern. While leadership concerns an occupation or activity, leaderhood is more a state of being, recognizable not only in formal leadership situations but in every part of life, emerging not from policy and regulation but from a sense of fellowship and an awareness of our responsibilities to others and our community. Highlighting the importance of leaderhood in rediscovering the spirit of the educational enterprise and resisting managerialism and "strongman" leadership, we illustrate four principles governance of leaderhood should embody: clarity of function (particularly where governance ends and leading begins); a commitment to openness, transparency, truth, and accountability in aims and decision-making; democratic dialogue among a wide range of stakeholders based on inclusion and co-production; and an inter-sectoral, whole-system perspective, comprehending the entire meta-system, rather than being tied to one or another part of it. The article contrasts "leadership," which holds on to the past and stifles difference, with "leaderhood," which is attentive to the common good and engages fully with its responsibility to the future. Embedding leaderhood in collective action, we argue, is a key lesson for governance in developing a social contract for education that is open, fair, inclusive, and democratic.

Abstract Context Assessing customer satisfaction with a product or service is one technique for evaluating the quality of a product or service given by a company. One of the instruments used to gauge customer satisfaction is the satisfaction survey. The Clinical Biology Laboratory of Centre Muraz employed this method to determine how satisfied its test prescribers were to improve. Method This was a cross-sectional study that took place in Bobo-Dioulasso from November 18 to December 26, 2022. Following a literature review, a questionnaire of twenty-three (23) questions was created. The questionnaire was distributed to the laboratory's prescribers, who were contacted ahead of time and consented. KoboToolbox, a data collection platform, was used. To compute frequencies, Microsoft Excel 2016 was utilized. A multivariate logistic regression model was run using R statistical software to identify the variables that best explained overall satisfaction. Results Participants came from 19 different health care facilities. 82 prescribers completed the satisfaction survey. Overall satisfaction was 56.03%. It was 65% for nurses and 47.12% for physicians. According to the regression model, the variables "communication with the laboratory," "interpretation of test results," and "delay in reporting results" substantially explained overall satisfaction, with p values of 0.04562, 0.03674, and 0.00987, respectively. Conclusion The overall satisfaction rate among the prescribers was relatively low. By acting on the significant variables, the laboratory will be able to improve this satisfaction.

Introduction We describe the 24-month incidence of Dolutegravir (DTG)-containing antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation since its introduction in 2019 in West Africa.Methods We included all patients aged 0–24 years on ART from nine clinics in Côte d’Ivoire (n=4), Ghana, Nigeria, Mali, Benin, and Burkina Faso. Baseline varied by clinic and was defined as date of first DTG prescription; patients were followed up until database closure/death/loss to follow-up (LTFU, no visit ≥7 months), whichever came first. We computed the cumulative incidence function for DTG initiation; associated factors were explored in a shared frailty model, accounting for clinic heterogeneity.Results Since 2019, 3350 patients were included; 47.2% were female; 78.9% had been on ART ≥12 months. Median baseline age was 12.5 years (IQR 8.4–15.8). Median follow-up was 14 months (IQR 7–22). The overall cumulative incidence of DTG initiation reached 22.7% (95% CI 21.3 to 24.2) and 56.4% (95% CI 54.4 to 58.4) at 12 and 24 months, respectively. In univariate analyses, those aged 10 years were less likely to initiate DTG compared with males of the same age (adjusted HR among 10–14 years: 0.62, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.72; among ≥15 years: 0.43, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.50), as were those with detectable VL (>50 copies/mL) compared with those in viral suppression (aHR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.97) and those on PIs compared with those on non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (aHR after 12 months of roll-out: 0.75, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.86).Conclusion Paediatric DTG uptake was incomplete and unequitable in west African settings: DTG use was least likely in children

This research was conducted in Grade VI at SD 200223 Sibulan-bulan Padangsidimpuan during the academic year 2023/2024, focusing on the topic of fractions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the Realistic Mathematics Approach on students' understanding of concepts in Grade VI at SD 200223 Sibulan-bulan. The study utilized a Post-Test-Only Control Group design and was of quasi-experimental nature. It involved an experimental group receiving the Realistic Mathematics Education Approach treatment and a control group not receiving such treatment. Both groups were selected randomly. The research findings indicate that students' understanding of mathematical concepts was better when using the Realistic Mathematics Approach compared to conventional learning methods. Based on the hypothesis testing results, it was found that t-count > t-table (2.23 > 1.98) and the Sig. value = 0.018, indicating that there is a positive effect of the Realistic Mathematics Education Approach (RME) on students' conceptual understanding. Based on the above findings, it is recommended that the learning process in schools use the Realistic Mathematics Education Approach, as it can improve students' conceptual understanding and mathematical abilities.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Experiential Learning terhadap keterampilan menulis puisi siswa kelas VIII di SMP Swasta Budi Setia Sunggal. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen semu (quasi-experimental) dengan desain nonequivalent control group, di mana kelas VIII-A dijadikan kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII-B sebagai kontrol. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, tes pre-test dan post-test, serta dokumentasi. Hasil observasi menunjukkan peningkatan efektivitas pembelajaran dari 50,73% menjadi 81,67% pada pertemuan kedua. Hasil pre-test menunjukkan keterampilan menulis puisi siswa kelas eksperimen dengan rata-rata 50,73 dan kelas kontrol 47,63, keduanya dalam kategori Cukup Terampil. Setelah perlakuan, post-test menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dengan rata-rata kelas eksperimen 81,67 (Sangat Terampil) dan kelas kontrol 64,60 (Cukup Terampil). Uji N-Gain menunjukkan peningkatan keterampilan menulis puisi dengan kategori sedang dan rata-rata 0,6093 untuk kelas eksperimen, sementara uji t independen menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dan kontrol setelah perlakuan (t-hitung = 15,18 > t-tabel = 2,048, df = 58, α = 5%). Kesimpulannya, model pembelajaran Experiential Learning secara signifikan meningkatkan keterampilan menulis puisi siswa kelas VIII di SMP Swasta Budi Setia Sunggal, dan diharapkan para guru dapat menerapkan metode ini untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.

For caregivers of people living with major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD), adapting and applying methods optimizing learning (MOL) to a specific situation, based on preserved cognitive skills, can be challenging. This study aimed to 1) co-develop workshops, a web application and accompanying materials to support the operationalization of MOL; 2) better understand the factors influencing caregivers' use of MOL, and 3) evaluate the perceived effects of the workshops. A participatory action research study was conducted in collaboration with family caregivers of people living with MNCD and healthcare and community organization workers (HCOW). Qualitative questionnaires and interviews were conducted and transcribed in verbatim. Thematic content analysis was conducted. Workshops and accompanying materials were co-developed and continuously improved based on conceptual framework and feedback from the participants. The final version of the workshops consisted of seven two-hour sessions structured around the type of cognitive deficits affecting the realization of activities. Facilitators (e.g. help to identify the person's capabilities) and barriers (e.g. fluctuation of MNCD symptoms) for caregivers' use of the MOL were reported. The identification of the cause of reactive behavioral expressions could be challenging for some family caregivers, reducing the use of MOL. Caregivers mentioned their increased preparedness to support and relationship with the person living with MNCD and feeling of competence for analyzing the reactive behavioral expressions and to use MOL. This participatory action research has shown that caregivers can acquire abilities to adapt and apply MOL in specific situations with people living with MNCD.

Background This study was primarily intended to validate a comprehensive and psychometrically acceptable measure of students’ propensity to cheat (PTC) behavior among undergraduate students in Ethiopian universities by assessing their engagement in different types of cheating behavior. Methods The present study employed an explanatory research design using a questionnaire based on the Propensity to Cheat Scale (PCS). The questionnaire was administered to 500 university students (male = 367 [73.4%]; female = 133 [26.6%]) selected from three Ethiopian public universities between November and January 2022. In order to measure the underlying variables of propensity towards cheating, a factor model is developed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis was employed to validate the students’ perceived PTC. The internal consistency of the PTC scale was assessed using reliability analysis, and validity evaluations were conducted to confirm the scale’s discriminant and convergent validity. Results Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results revealed a good fit to the data, and the internal consistency of the PCS was found to be strong, providing a reliable measure of students’ propensity for cheating. Validity evaluations, including discriminant validity and convergent validity, confirmed the validity of the scale. The average variance extracted (AVE) and composite reliability values also supported the scale’s convergent validity. The multidimensional concept of the PTC was supported by a four-factor solution consisting of 26 reliable and valid items. Conclusion The findings of the study demonstrate that the scale has also provided sufficient evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. By establishing discriminant and convergent validity, as well as reliability, through different validation procedures, the study has provided strong evidence for the effectiveness of the PCS as an instrument for determining whether university students are likely to engage in cheating behavior.

The major objective of this research is to develop a comprehensive and psychometrically sound scale assessing students' perceived propensity to cheat scale (PCS) employing the theory of planned behavior tapping. An exploratory sequential mixed design method was used to qualitatively explore the forms of intention to cheat and their indicators, followed by a quantitative method to examine the psychometric qualities of the scale based on a random sample of 500 (male = 367 [73.4%]; female = 133 [26.6%]) university students. Structured interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data. The PCS is a valid and reliable tool for use in research, according to explanatory factor analysis and reliability evaluations. The PCS, therefore, measures what it promises to measure.

The resilient modulus (Mr) of subgrade soils is an important element in road pavement structural design procedures. However, because of regional differences in soil parameters and the nature of test procedures, determining Mr in the laboratory has become cumbersome. The purpose of this study is to develop a reliable soft computing approach for forecasting Mr of subgrade soils using support vector machine-based linear kernel (SVM-LR), polynomial kernel (SVM-Poly), radial basic function (SVM-RBF), and random forest (RF) techniques. For this purpose, a dataset of 138 soil samples from diverse geographical locations in Ethiopia was gathered, and the models were trained and tested using an 85% training and 15% test data split. All of the recommended models used confining pressure (CP), notional maximum axial stress (NmaxAS), specific gravity, P#200, silt%, clay%, liquid limit (LL), plasticity index (PI), maximum dry density, Wopt, and swell as input variables. The correctness of the proposed models was assessed by comparing predicted and observed Mr values with various statistical approaches such as root means square error (RMSE), mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and determination coefficient (R2). The support vector machine RBF model outperformed all other models in validation, with R2 values of 0.99 and 0.91, MAE of 0.1 and 1.76, MSE of 0.01 and 29.54, and RMSE of 0.1 and 5.43. The Taylor diagrams of the test and training datasets show that the SVM-RBF model outperforms the other models. Sensitivity analysis was performed to explore the impact of input variable quantity on the output of Mr for the MPL model, and it was determined that the top five essential parameters are, in decreasing order, LL, P#200, silt%, PI, and clay%. In contrast, the nominal maximum axial stress and Gs have the least impact.

Turning AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) D3 tool steel can be challenging due to a lack of optimal process parameters and proper coolant application to achieve high surface quality and temperature control. Machine learning helps in predicting the optimal parameters, whereas nanofluids enhance cooling efficiency while preserving both the tool and the workpiece. This work intends to utilize advanced machine learning approaches to optimize process parameters with the application of hybrid nanofluids (Al2O3/graphene) during the CNC turning of AISI D3. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Back Propagation (BP) neural networks, and Genetic Algorithms (GA) will be utilized to model and predict optimal turning parameters to enhance surface quality and manage tool tip temperature. The experiments ranged the cutting speed, nanofluid concentration, depth of cut, and feed rate from 150 to 180 m/min, 0.3 to 0.9 wt%, 0.5–0.9 mm, and 0.03–0.07 mm/rev. RSM and ANN analyses showed that cutting speed and feed rate had a significant effect on surface quality, contributing 11.5 % and 10.5 %, respectively, whereas the nanofluid affected tool tip temperature by 42.5 %. The GA determined that the optimal cutting speed became 150 m/min, the feed rate was 0.05 mm/rev, the cutting depth was 0.6 mm, and the nanofluid concentration was 0.8 %. At temperatures ranging from 23.01 °C to 28.41 °C, these conditions produced a desirable surface roughness of 0.16–0.45 μm. The findings emphasize the benefits of utilizing Al2O3/graphene nanofluid and machine learning algorithms in CNC turning to improve surface roughness and control temperature.

AimGustatory function plays a fundamental role in various aspects related to nutrition and health, and the decline in taste perception can result in a series of adverse consequences. This is expected with aging due to a decrease in taste buds and other conditions, leading to systemic and oral diseases. We aimed to compare taste sensitivity in the elderly population vs. adults.MethodsThis systematic review was reported according to PRISMA guidelines. The search was performed in four databases, as well as in grey literature. The risk of bias was assessed using the JBI's critical appraisal tools for observational studies. A meta-analysis with subgroups according to each flavor was conducted to obtain differences in means for adults vs. elderly (random-effects model).ResultsOut of the 5,660 studies retrieved, 18 observational studies were included, representing a total of 1,680 aged 18–59 years and 1,048 aged ≥ 60 years. Elderly individuals need higher concentrations to distinguish flavors compared to adults. In a qualitative analysis, all flavors showed differences between the groups, with sweet flavor being the easiest to recognize and the thresholds between the groups not being highly discrepant. However, in the meta-analysis, statistical differences were observed for sweet, salty, and umami flavors, while there were no statistical differences for sour and bitter flavors between the groups.ConclusionsThere are significant differences for distinguishing sweet, salty, and umami flavors between adults and elderly. Bitter and sour flavors did not exhibit differences in elderly.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=463873, PROSPERO (CRD42023463873).

Healthcare systems rely on the expertise, ingenuity, and resilience of healthcare teams to maintain safe and high-quality care in complex, variable, and resource-constrained environments. Research has suggested that successful team adaptation prevents patient harm, optimises efficiency, and keeps healthcare systems running. Team adaptation is a central concept in both teamworking and organisational resilience theory, but team adaptation and its associated concepts, specifically team adaptive capacity, remain underspecified, ill-defined, and poorly understood in healthcare. Other high-risk industries, such as aviation, military, and nuclear power, may have a more extensive evidence base that can inform conceptualisations in healthcare and beyond. This scoping review synthesizes the cross-disciplinary literature on team adaptation, proposes a new definition for team adaptive capacity, and develops a model for understanding team adaptation, its outcomes, and antecedents: the team adaptive cycle.

PURPOSE: Compared with people living without HIV (PWOH), people living with HIV (PWH) and cancer have traditionally been excluded from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) trials. Furthermore, there is a paucity of real-world data on the use of ICIs in PWH and cancer. METHODS: This retrospective study included PWH treated with anti-PD-1- or anti-PD-L1-based therapies for advanced cancers. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Objective response rates (ORRs) were measured per RECIST 1.1 or other tumor-specific criteria, whenever feasible. Restricted mean survival time (RMST) was used to compare OS and PFS between matched PWH and PWOH with metastatic NSCLC (mNSCLC). RESULTS: Among 390 PWH, median age was 58 years, 85% (n = 331) were males, 36% (n = 138) were Black; 70% (n = 274) received anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 monotherapy. Most common cancers were NSCLC (28%, n = 111), hepatocellular carcinoma ([HCC]; 11%, n = 44), and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC; 10%, n = 39). Seventy percent (152/216) had CD4+ T cell counts ≥200 cells/µL, and 94% (179/190) had HIV viral load

The legal protection of cultural diversity within the context of Traditional Cultural Expressions (TCEs) is not governed by specific legislation, which can significantly hinder the protection and validity of cultural expressions. Utilizing normative legal research methods, this study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the urgency of establishing a specialized legal regime that recognizes and safeguards TCEs as a unique form of communal intellectual property. The analysis supported with a statutory approach indicates that there is a strong urgency to form this specialized legal regime, highlighting normative conflicts in existing regulations. The analysis also outlines how the formation of this regime can be accomplished by referring to a comprehensive normative framework and considering the unique elements that constitute TCEs. The research findings show that existing regulations have not been able to provide adequate protection for TCEs, especially in the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, which demands more comprehensive protection, particularly in the digital realm. Therefore, the establishment of this specialized legal regime becomes a crucial step in addressing new challenges in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0.

Contemporary discussions about the application of artificial intelligence in newsrooms are commonplace because of the unique opportunities it presents for news media. This study investigated the intricate relationship between journalism and AI with the broad research question: How are journalists adopting AI technologies and what challenges and opportunities do such technologies present to them? Eighteen journalists practising in Ghana and South Africa were interviewed through qualitative research techniques. Transcribed interview data were analysed thematically using the data analysis method proposed by Charmaz. The findings were that most newsrooms in the two countries have not formally incorporated AI tools into newsroom practices. However, journalists use AI tools at their discretion in a non-complex manner, such as transcription, research, generating story ideas, and fact-checking. Practical limitations to the formal integration of AI technology into newsroom operations include cost, language barrier, and aversion to change. Although participants recognised the advantages of employing AI for newsroom tasks, they were also concerned about the ethical quandaries of misinformation, improper attribution, and intellectual property. Participants also thought that fact-checking and mindfulness regarding ethical usage might increase ethical AI usage in newsrooms. This study adds an important perspective on AI’s role in African journalism, addressing the obstacles and ethics concerns.

Objective: Cost and ineligibility are major barriers to accessing United States health care, particularly for undocumented immigrants. NYC Care is a healthcare benefit program covering care at NYC Health+Hospitals, the nation's largest safety net system located in New York City. In this evaluation, we describe care received by new primary care patients recently enrolled in NYC Care. Methods: We reviewed demographics and diagnoses for 14,953 NYC Care adults who first visited primary care between November 1, 2020 and October 31, 2021, along with their total primary care visits, referrals, specialty visits, and acute visits one year following care initiation. Characteristics and utilization were compared to new Medicaid patients (n = 19,701). A generalized estimating equation calculated odds of returning to primary care and visiting specialty care among new NYC Care versus Medicaid patients. Results: NYC Care patients had a median of 3 (Interquartile Range: 2,4) primary care visits, 2 (1,4) referrals, and 2 (1,6) specialty visits in the first year. NYC Care patients had an aOR of 1.9 (95 % CI, 1.7, 2.1) for a second primary care visit in the year and 2.0 (95 % CI, 1.9, 2.2) for a specialty visit, compared to Medicaid patients. Conclusions: NYC Care patients demonstrated high utilization of outpatient services. Previously deferred healthcare may contribute to pent-up demand among uninsured individuals. In lieu of state or federal action, city-sponsored healthcare access programs may offer a pathway to care for uninsured patients, including undocumented immigrants. Future evaluations should utilize longer observation windows and external data to expand generalizability.