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Short scales are time-efficient for participants and cost-effective in research. However, researchers often mistakenly expect short scales to have the same reliability as long ones without considering the effect of scale length. We argue that applying a universal benchmark for alpha is problematic as the impact of low-quality items is greater on shorter scales. In this study, we proposed simple guidelines for item reduction using the "alpha-if-item-deleted" procedure in scale construction. An item can be removed if alpha increases or decreases by less than 0.02, especially for short scales. Conversely, an item should be retained if alpha decreases by more than 0.04 upon its removal. For reliability benchmarks, 0.80 is relatively safe in most conditions, but higher benchmarks are recommended for longer scales and smaller sample sizes. Supplementary analyses, including item content, face validity, and content coverage, are critical to ensure scale quality.

Objective To explore the role of the exemplary demonstration course “Basic Neurosurgery Operations and Surgical Approaches” in improving the teaching quality of standardized training of neurosurgery. Methods A total of 42 graduate students who participated in the course from September 2021 to December 2023 were selected, matched 1:1 with their counterparts who did not participate in the course. All trainees were required to complete a same questionnaire survey. The basic data, questionnaire scores of the two groups were compared, and statistical descriptions of the satisfaction and course evaluation of the participating students were performed. Statistical tests including t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Dunn′s multiple comparison tests and Chi-square test were applied using Graphpad Prism 10.0. Results There were no significant differences in educational background and age distribution between the two groups indicating comparability. The questionnaire scores of the students who participated in the course[7.0(6.0-9.0) points] were significantly higher than those of the students who did not participate in the course[3.5(2.0-5.0) points] (P＜0.000 1). This score advantage applied to students who participated in the course in the school year from 2021 to 2023, and there was no statistical difference in questionnaire scores among students who participated in the course across the three years. Additionally, 88.1% of the students who participated in the course expressed a high satisfaction and 90.5% of them considered the course was very practical for training of clinical skills. Conclusions The exemplary demonstration course “Basic Neurosurgery Operations and Surgical Approaches”may improve learning outcomes of surgical approaches and support the clinical training of neurosurgery graduates.

Abstract Background Accurate breed identification is essential for the conservation and sustainable use of indigenous farm animal genetic resources. In this study, we evaluated the phylogenetic relationships and genomic breed compositions of 13 sheep breeds using SNP and InDel data from whole genome sequencing. The breeds included 11 Chinese indigenous and 2 foreign commercial breeds. We compared different strategies for breed identification with respect to different marker types, i.e. SNPs, InDels, and a combination of SNPs and InDels (named SIs), different breed-informative marker detection methods, and different machine learning classification methods. Results Using WGS-based SNPs and InDels, we revealed the phylogenetic relationships between 11 Chinese indigenous and two foreign sheep breeds and quantified their purities through estimated genomic breed compositions. We found that the optimal strategy for identifying these breeds was the combination of DFI_union for breed-informative marker detection, which integrated the methods of Delta, Pairwise Wright's FST, and Informativeness for Assignment (namely DFI) by merging the breed-informative markers derived from the three methods, and KSR for breed assignment, which integrated the methods of K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest (namely KSR) by intersecting their results. Using SI markers improved the identification accuracy compared to using SNPs or InDels alone. We achieved accuracies over 97.5% when using at least the 1000 most breed-informative (MBI) SI markers and even 100% when using 5000 SI markers. Conclusions Our results provide not only an important foundation for conservation of these Chinese local sheep breeds, but also general approaches for breed identification of indigenous farm animal breeds.

Abstract Dryocosmus kuriphilus, commonly known as the chestnut gall wasp, belongs to the family Cynipidae and is native to China. It is a highly invasive insect species causing serious damage to chestnut trees and has rapidly spread to various continents, including Europe, North America, and Oceania. The D. kuriphilus has become one of the important pests of chestnut plants in the world and is listed as a quarantine object by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). In this study, we used PacBio long reads, Illumina short reads, and Hi-C sequencing data to construct a chromosome-level assembly of the D. kuriphilus genome. The assembled genome includes 14,729 contigs with a total length of 2.28 Gb and a contig N50 of 0.8 Mb. With Hi-C technology, 2.17 Gb (95.02%) of contigs were anchored and oriented into the 10 pseudochromosomes with the scaffold N50 of 198.8 Mb and the scaffold N90 of 158.8 Mb. In total, 24,086 protein-coding genes were predicted in the assembled D. kuriphilus genome as the reference gene set. A total of 1.82 Gb repeats (occupying 79.7% of the genome), including 1.42 Gb of transposable elements and 0.40 Gb of tandem repeats, were identified in D. kuriphilus genome. In the evaluation of completeness, the BUSCO analysis determined a level of 98.1% completeness for the assembled genome sequences based on the Insecta database (OrthoDB version 10). The high-quality genome assembly of D. kuriphilus will not only provide a valuable reference for the study of its evolutionary history and genetic structure but also facilitate the research of host-pest interactions and invasiveness. Moreover, this genome assembly will promote in the development of effective management strategies to mitigate the economic and ecological impacts of this invasive pest on chestnut trees and ecosystems.

Abstract Tumor cells possess complex immune evasion mechanisms to evade immune system attacks, primarily through metabolic reprogramming, which significantly alters the tumor microenvironment (TME) to modulate immune cell functions. When a tumor is sufficiently immunogenic, it can activate cytotoxic T-cells to target and destroy it. However, tumors adapt by manipulating their metabolic pathways, particularly glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism, to create an immunosuppressive TME that promotes immune escape. These metabolic alterations impact the function and differentiation of non-tumor cells within the TME, such as inhibiting effector T-cell activity while expanding regulatory T-cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Additionally, these changes lead to an imbalance in cytokine and chemokine secretion, further enhancing the immunosuppressive landscape. Emerging research is increasingly focusing on the regulatory roles of non-tumor cells within the TME, evaluating how their reprogrammed glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism influence their functional changes and ultimately aid in tumor immune evasion. Despite our incomplete understanding of the intricate metabolic interactions between tumor and non-tumor cells, the connection between these elements presents significant challenges for cancer immunotherapy. This review highlights the impact of altered glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism in the TME on the metabolism and function of non-tumor cells, providing new insights that could facilitate the development of novel cancer immunotherapies.

Freshwater salinization is receiving increasing global attention due to its profound influence on nitrogen cycling in aquatic ecosystems and the accessibility of water resources. However, a comprehensive understanding of the changes in river salinization and the impacts of salinity on nitrogen cycling in arid and semi-arid regions of China is currently lacking. A meta-analysis was first conducted based on previous investigations and found an intensification in river salinization that altered hydrochemical characteristics. To further analyze the impact of salinity on nitrogen metabolism processes, we evaluated rivers with long-term salinity gradients based on in situ observations. The genes and enzymes that were inhibited generally by salinity, especially those involved in nitrogen fixation and nitrification, showed low abundances in three salinity levels. The abundance of genes and enzymes with denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium functions still maintained a high proportion, especially for denitrification genes/enzymes that were enriched under medium salinity. Denitrifying bacteria exhibited various relationships with salinity, while dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium bacterium (such as Hydrogenophaga and Curvibacter carrying nirB) were more inhibited by salinity, indicating that diverse denitrifying bacteria could be used to regulate nitrogen concentration. Most genera exhibited symbiotic and mutual relationships, and the highest proportion of significant positive correlations of abundant genera was found under medium salinity. This study emphasizes the role of river salinity on environment characteristics and nitrogen transformation rules, and our results are useful for improving the availability of river water resources in arid and semi-arid regions.

Under the influence of the stable snowstorm circulation situation of the typical double-resistance type warm area in northern Xinjiang, an extremely heavy snowfall event occurred in Altay, from January 6 to 12, 2024. Several meteorological stations broke the historical maximum records for the same period, resulting in avalanches in several places of the Altay Mountains. This event can be divided into three stages according to the evolution of circulation situation and snowfall characteristics. In this study, the snowfall characteristics, circulation situation, extreme causes, and model forecasting performance of the event were analyzed using the hourly observation data of national and regional meteorological stations, ERA5 reanalysis data, and CMA-GFS, CMA-MESO, CMA-TYM, ECMWF model forecast data. The results are as follows: (1) The event was characterized by several extreme features, such as long duration, large accumulated precipitation, and large hourly precipitation. The precipitation distribution was increasing from the plain areas to the mountain areas. The strong snowfall process mainly concentrated in the second and third stages. In these two stages, the increase in snow accumulation, large hourly snowfall, and high snow-to-water ratio in the mountainous areas along the northern Altay provided key meteorological conditions for the avalanches. (2) During this event, a strong polar front at 500 hPa continuously split short-wave systems, which successively moved eastward to affect Altay. The warm shear line at 850-700 hPa was maintained for a long time, accompanied by strong warm front frontogenesis. Heavy snowfall occurred in the divergence area at the exit of the polar front jet at 300 hPa, from the north of the shear line at 850 hPa to the regions near the shear line at 700 hPa. (3) In the second and third stages, the water vapor conditions in the north of Altay, especially in the northern mountains, were abnormally strong. With the effect of terrain amplification, the low-level dynamic uplift was exceptionally strong and maintained for a long time. These were the important reasons for the extremely heavy snowfall. (4) The regional model performed better than the global model in predicting heavy snowfall, but the capability to forecast extreme snowfall was still limited. ECMWF Extreme Forecast Index (EFI) forecast product and the Ensemble Average Abnormal Weather Forecast (EMAF) product were better at identifying extreme weather signals at medium-range lead time. It is suggested to strengthen the application of related products and make adjustments according to the quantitative forecast results of the model to further improve the precision service effect of forecasting and warning of extreme weather events.

In order to solve the problem of uncertainty processing and the fuzziness of index weight in the risk analysis of gas explosion, a risk assessment model of gas explosion using the Bayesian network and game theory is proposed. Firstly, the topological structure model of gas explosion is constructed based on expertise and accident-causing theories. At the same time, the subjective and objective weights of experts are determined by game theory optimization. Then, the prior probability and conditional probability of risk factors are calculated based on the fuzzy set theory. Secondly, the Bayesian inference technology is used to calculate the probability of gas explosion and the posterior probability distribution of risk factors. Finally, the sensitivity analysis and key cause chain analysis are used to find out the key risk factors and key risk paths affecting gas explosion. The case study shows that the probability of gas explosion in the working face of a coal mine in Shandong Province is 6.5%. The main ignition sources of gas explosion are electric failures, friction between rocks, blasting sparks and coal spontaneous combustion, while the main causes of gas accumulation are ventilation system failures and ventilation system design. Through sensitivity analysis, it can be seen that two factors of ventilation system failures and electric failures are the most sensitive. According to the analysis of the key causal chain, it shows that the combination of the path of electric failures→ventilation system failures→ventilation measures→gas control measures→gas transfinite and the path of electric failures→electric spark→ignition source leads to the highest possibility of gas explosion. Compared with normal conditions, the probability of gas explosion increased by 301.5%. At the same time, the combination weighting method based on game theory has comprehensive advantages in improving the objectivity and accuracy of index weights, and the evaluation results accords with the actual situation of coal mines.

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of marking methods on the outcomes of body composition analysis and provide guidance for the selection of marking methods in mouse body composition analysis. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice aged 6 weeks were randomly assigned for pre‐ and post‐ ear tagging measurements. The body composition of the mice was measured using a small animal body composition analyzer, which provided measurements of the mass of fat, lean, and free fluid. Then, the mass of fat, lean and free fluid to body weight ratio was gained. Further data analysis was conducted to obtain the range and coefficient of variation in body composition measurements for each mouse. The distribution of fat and lean tissue in the mice was also analyzed by comparing the fat‐to‐lean ratio. Results (1) The mass of all body composition components in the ear tagging group was significantly lower than that in the control group. (2) There was a significant increase in the range and coefficient of variation of body composition measurements between the ear tagging group and the control group. (3) The fat‐to‐lean ratio in the ear tagging group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Conclusions Ear tagging significantly lowered the results of body composition analysis in mice and higher the results of measurement error. Therefore, ear tagging should be avoided as much as possible when conducting body composition analysis experiments in mice.

Abstract To explore the effect of different levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) control on new-onset chronic kidney disease in hypertension multimorbidity. The hypertensive patients with multimorbidity information were enrolled from the Kailuan Study. The isolated hypertension patients undergoing physical examination during the same period were selected in a 1:1 ratio as control. Finally, 12,897 participants were divided into six groups: Group SBP

Abstract Background and objectives Early neurological deterioration (END) post-intravenous thrombolysis significantly impacts the long-term prognosis of stroke patients. This study aimed to establish a rapid risk prediction model for unexplained END following intravenous thrombolysis. Methods This prospective study consecutively enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator intravenous thrombolysis at the Department of Neurology, Third People’s Hospital of Hubei Province, and Yangluo Hospital District between June 2019 and December 2022. Unexplained END was defined as an increase of ≥ 4 points in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score between admission and 24 h. A nomogram was developed and assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). The calibration was assessed using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test. Results A total of 211 patients (130 males and 110 patients aged

Abstract Bistability enables adaptive designs with tunable deflections for applications including morphing wings, robotic grippers, and consumer products. Composite laminates may be designed to exhibit bistability due to pre-strains that develop during the processing of the polymer matrix, enabling fast reconfiguration between two stable shapes. Unfortunately, designing bistable laminates is challenging because of their highly nonlinear behavior. Here, we propose the Switching Tunneling Method to address this challenge by alternating between gradient-based local minimization and tunneling search phases, with the enhancement of objective expression switching to improve numerical conditioning. Results demonstrate high effectiveness compared to existing optimizers; the Switching Tunneling Method achieves a 99% success rate in finding all energy minima across general composite layups. Additionally, our method facilitates the inverse design of variable pre-strain fields, enabling bioinspired, positive Gaussian curvatures, which are not possible with conventional pre-strain laminates. Validations through both finite element analysis and 3D printed samples confirm the optimal designs.

Abstract Background To investigate the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness changes and analyse factors associated with visual recovery of G11778A Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) patients. Methods Patients diagnosed with G11778A LHON between July 2017 and December 2020 in Tongji hospital were included in this follow-up study. Patients were grouped according to disease duration. Variations in the RNFL thickness in each quadrant at different disease stages were characterised using optical coherence tomography. According to the absence or presence of significant visual acuity improvements, LHON patients of disease duration ≥ 6 months were divided into two groups. A bivariate logistic regression model was constructed to analyse the potential factors associated with spontaneous visual recovery. Results This study included 56 G11778A LHON patients (112 eyes) and 25 healthy controls (50 eyes), with a mean follow-up of 5.25 ± 1.42 months. All quadrants and mean RNFL thicknesses of LHON patients first increased and then decreased, except for the temporal RNFL. As the disease progressed, RNFL thinning slowed; however, gradual RNFL thinning occurred. Logistic regression revealed that baseline best corrected visual acuity was related to spontaneous visual recovery of LHON patients with disease duration ≥ 6 months. Conclusion The pattern of RNFL involvement could be helpful in the differential diagnosis of LHON and other optic neuropathies. LHON patients with better vision are more likely to experience some degree of spontaneous visual acuity recovery after the subacute phase.

Abstract Background Appropriate physical activity (PA) and good sleep are beneficial to maternal and fetal health. This paper sought to explore the associations of PA and sleep quality among healthy women at the first and second trimesters of pregnancy on mental health and pregnancy outcomes. Methods Totally 268 healthy pregnant women were retrospectively analyzed as study subjects, 134 each in the first trimester (FT) and second trimester (ST). Their baseline clinical data were obtained respectively at two stages of pregnancy. The PA/sleep quality of subjects were assessed through the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire-Chinese version (PPAQ-C)/Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale. The mental health was assessed via the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The correlations of PA and sleep quality with mental health were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. Pregnancy outcomes of all subjects, associations of moderate intensity (MI) PA and sleep quality with adverse pregnancy outcomes, and independent influencing factors for adverse outcomes were analyzed. Results Pregnant women in the ST group exhibited higher levels of MI, worse sleep quality, and lower levels of anxiety and depression than those in the FT group. Anxiety and depression were negatively correlated with MI but positively linked with PSQI scores at the first and second trimesters. MI ≥ 7.5 MET-h/week and good sleep quality were associated with a reduced incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion MI ≥ 7.5 MET-h/week and good sleep quality at the first and second trimesters of pregnancy benefit mental health and markedly reduce the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Abstract This study assesses the efficacy of bilateral mesh sacrospinous ligament suspension (MSSLS) compared to laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC) in patients with uterine prolapse. Ninety-eight patients with uterine prolapse were evaluated at our hospital from January 2021 to January 2023. Patients were equally divided into two groups: the study group (undergoing MSSLS) and the control group (undergoing LSC) using a random number table. Various parameters including operation time, bleeding volume, indwelling catheter time, exhaust time, hospital stay, pelvic organ prolapse stage, postoperative recurrence rate, pain severity, quality of life, pelvic floor function, impact on sexual life, complications, and recurrence rate were recorded. The study group showed significant reductions in operation time, bleeding volume, indwelling catheter time, exhaust time, and hospital stay compared to the control group (P 0.05), but six months postoperatively, these indexes were significantly lower in the study group (P 0.05), but was significantly lower in the study group six months postoperatively (P 0.05). All patients were followed up for 12–14 months, with an average follow-up time of (13.02 ± 1.36) months. The incidence of complications was significantly lower in the study group (P 0.05). MSSLS emerges as a safe and efficacious treatment for uterine prolapse, notably reducing both complications and recurrence rates, rendering it suitable for broad clinical application.

Abstract The E‐proteinoid 3 receptor (PTGER3), a member of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) subtype receptor, belongs to the G‐protein‐coupled superfamily of receptors. Animal studies have demonstrated its involvement in salt sensitivity by regulating sodium reabsorption. This study aimed to investigate the association between genetic variants of PTGER3 and salt sensitivity, longitudinal blood pressure (BP) changes, and the incidence of hypertension in Chinese adults. A chronic salt intake intervention was conducted involving 514 adults from 124 families in the 2004 Baoji Salt‐Sensitivity Study Cohort in northern China. These participants followed a 3‐day regular baseline diet, followed by a 7‐day low‐salt diet (3.0 g/d) and a 7‐day high‐salt diet (18 g/d), and were subsequently followed for 14 years. The findings revealed a significant relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17482751 of PTGER3 and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) response to high salt intervention. Additionally, SNPs rs11209733, rs3765894, and rs2268062 were significantly associated with longitudinal changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP), DBP, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during the 14‐year follow‐up period. SNP rs6424414 was significantly associated with longitudinal changes in DBP over 14 years. Finally, SNP rs17482751 showed a significant correlation with the incidence of hypertension over 14 years. These results emphasize the significant role of PTGER3 gene polymorphism in salt sensitivity, longitudinal BP changes, and the development of hypertension in the Chinese population.

Abstract Background Deoxyribonuclease 2 (DNase II) plays a key role in clearing cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Deficiency of DNase II leads to DNA accumulation in the cytoplasm. Persistent dsDNA in neurons is an early pathological hallmark of senescence and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, it is not clear how DNase II and neuronal cytoplasmic dsDNA influence neuropathogenesis. Tau hyperphosphorylation is a key factor for the pathogenesis of AD. The effect of DNase II and neuronal cytoplasmic dsDNA on neuronal tau hyperphosphorylation remains unclarified. Methods The levels of neuronal DNase II and dsDNA in WT and Tau-P301S mice of different ages were measured by immunohistochemistry and immunolabeling, and the levels of DNase II in the plasma of AD patients were measured by ELISA. To investigate the impact of DNase II on tauopathy, the levels of phosphorylated tau, phosphokinase, phosphatase, synaptic proteins, gliosis and proinflammatory cytokines in the brains of neuronal DNase II-deficient WT mice, neuronal DNase II-deficient Tau-P301S mice and neuronal DNase II-overexpressing Tau-P301S mice were evaluated by immunolabeling, immunoblotting or ELISA. Cognitive performance was determined using the Morris water maze test, Y-maze test, novel object recognition test and open field test. Results The levels of DNase II were significantly decreased in the brains and the plasma of AD patients. DNase II also decreased age-dependently in the neurons of WT and Tau-P301S mice, along with increased dsDNA accumulation in the cytoplasm. The DNA accumulation induced by neuronal DNase II deficiency drove tau phosphorylation by upregulating cyclin-dependent-like kinase-5 (CDK5) and calcium/calmodulin activated protein kinase II (CaMKII) and downregulating phosphatase protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Moreover, DNase II knockdown induced and significantly exacerbated neuron loss, neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits in WT and Tau-P301S mice, respectively, while overexpression of neuronal DNase II exhibited therapeutic benefits. Conclusions DNase II deficiency and cytoplasmic dsDNA accumulation can initiate tau phosphorylation, suggesting DNase II as a potential therapeutic target for tau-associated disorders. Graphical Abstract Scheme depicting the possible mechanism by which DNase II deficiency induces cognitive impairment in mice. DNase II deficiency induces tau phosphorylation by regulating kinases CDK5 and CaMKII as well as phosphatase PP2A through accumulation of undigested damaged DNA in the cytoplasm of neurons. Then phosphorylated tau induces synaptic loss, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis, eventually rendering cognitive impairment in mice.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of preoperative therapeutic plasma exchange(TPE) in preventing acute rejection after ABO incompatible kidney transplantation(ABOi-KT). Methods Nine patients with ABOi-KT who were admitted to the renal transplant department of our hospital from April 2022 to April 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. They received a total of 28 TPEs before kidney transplantation, and the treatment plan was summarized as follows: The proportion of the substitute fluid, as well as the frequency and volume of TPE were determined based on the patient′s ABO blood group system antibody titer, gender, height, weight, hematocrit and other indicators upon admission. The patient′s relevant laboratory indicators, including hemoglobin, platelets, leukocytes, coagulation function, total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G, creatinine and urea nitrogen upon admission and after TPE were monitored and statistically analyzed. After transplantation, changes in renal function indicators such as ABO blood group system antibody titers, creatinine and urinary excretion were observed, and clinical symptoms of acute rejection, such as swelling, pain and edema in the transplanted kidney area were observed. Results Nine ABOi-KT patients had an average of about 3 TPEs before transplantation surgery, with an average total volume of approximately 2 500 mL to 3 500 mL per TPE, or approximately about 1.01 to 1.16 plasma volume (PV). After multiple TPEs, pre-transplantation antibody titers decreased by an average of 3 times compared to before TPE. There were no statistically significant differences in Hb, PLT, PT, PTA, INR, TBil, ALB, Cr and BUN (P>0.05), while statistically significant differences were found in WBC, APTT, Fbg, TP, GLB and A/G (P

Abstract Hyperproliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a driver of hypertensive vascular remodeling. This study aimed to uncover the mechanism of BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in VSMC growth and hypertensive vascular remodeling. With the help of TargetScan, miRWalk, miRDB, and miRTarBase online database, we identified that BACH1 might be targeted by miR-196a-5p, and overexpressed in VSMCs and aortic tissues from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Gain- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that miR-196a-5p suppressed VSMC proliferation, oxidative stress and hypertensive vascular remodeling. Double luciferase reporter gene assay and functional verification showed that miR-196a-5p cracked down the transcription and translation of BACH1 in both Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs) and SHRs. Silencing BACH1 mimicked the actions of miR-196a-5p overexpression on attenuating the proliferation and oxidative damage of VSMCs derived from SHRs. Importantly, miR-196a-5p overexpression and BACH1 knockdown cooperatively inhibited VSMC proliferation and oxidative stress in SHRs. Furthermore, miR-196a-5p, if knocked down in SHRs, aggravated hypertension, upregulated BACH1 and promoted VSMC proliferation, all contributing to vascular remodeling. Taken together, targeting miR-196a-5p to downregulate BACH1 may be a promising strategy for retarding VSMC proliferation and hypertensive vascular remodeling.

Objectives: Through the reflection of young breast cancer women on their selves and identities, we explored expectations of the wife role that they need to fulfill to return to their families, aimed to provide a reference basis for medical professionals to develop interventions related to cancer family rehabilitation. Methods: Descriptive phenomenological methods and purposive sampling were used. Young breast cancer patients and their spouses were selected for semi-structured face-to-face interviews in the study from March to April 2023 at the department of breast surgery and oncology center of a Class A tertiary hospital in Xuzhou City, China. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Colaizzi’s phenomenological approach. Results: Twenty patients and six spouses were interviewed. The mean patient age was (35.95 ± 3.36) years, and the mean spouse was (37.67 ± 5.28) years. Young breast cancer patients were concerned about three main wife expectations during their treatment and rehabilitation: preserving self-love and self-esteem (paying attention to physical health, embracing the disease, and regaining confidence in female characters); adjustment of conjugal relationships (harmonious and effective couple communication, providing support for marriage and love, and creating a beautiful married life together); assisting in family recovery (relieving stress on spouses from caregiving and finances, and management of daily household chores). Conclusions: The wife role expectations of young breast cancer women and their spouses encompass three core aspects: self, couple, and family. Self-esteem and self-love are the most fundamental expectations of the wife role, while adjusting the couple’s relationship and assistance in family rehabilitation represent higher expectations. This study can help healthcare professionals and cancer families gain a more comprehensive understanding of the wife role expectations for young cancer women, thereby enabling the development of couple-centered interventions to promote patient recovery and enhance the resilience of marriages and families.

Abstract This paper proposed a frequency reconfigurable antenna that utilizes a multilayer structure of liquid crystal (LC) material. This antenna design incorporates a three-layer stacked structure to create an LC-injected cavity. The inverted microstrip line structure is designed to be in contact with the LC, serving as both a radiating element and a bias electrode. A parasitic patch is placed at the top of the antenna to enhance bandwidth. To prevent interference with DC and RF sources, a bias tee is integrated into the microstrip line input. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed antenna exhibits excellent impedance matching and stable radiation patterns within the operational frequency range. By comparing the simulated performance of the existing LC antenna with our proposed design, the bandwidth is tripled at a center frequency of 30.3 GHz. In addition, the effective area of the proposed reconfigurable antenna (154 mm2) is 24.6% of the area of the previous reconfigurable antenna (625 mm2).

Frozen shoulder (FS) manifests as progressively worsening pain and a reduction in shoulder range of motion (ROM). Salvianolic acid B (SaB) is recently expected to be used in the treatment of fibrosis diseases including FS. We firstly demonstrate that SaB can effectively hinder the progression of oxidative stress, inflammation, and pathological fibrosis within the synovial tissue in FS, potentially leading to the reduction or reversal of capsule fibrosis and joint stiffness. For further clinical application, we design and synthesize a novel, superior, antioxidant and antibacterial CSMA-PBA/OD-DA (CPDA) hydrogel for the delivery of SaB. In vitro experiments demonstrate that the CPDA hydrogel exhibits excellent biocompatibility and rheological properties, rendering it suitable for intra-articular injections. Upon injection into the contracted joint cavity of FS model rat, the SaB-CPDA hydrogel accelerate the recovery of ROM and exhibit superior anti-fibrosis effect, presenting the promise for the treatment of FS in vivo.

Abstract Background Drought stress affects plant growth and development. DREB proteins play important roles in modulating plant growth, development, and stress responses, particularly under drought stress. To study the function of DREB transcription factors (TFs), we screened key DREB-regulating TFs for drought in Lotus japonicus. Results Forty-two DREB TFs were identified, and phylogenetic analysis of proteins from L. japonicus classified them into five subfamilies (A1, A2, A4, A5, A6). The gene motif composition of the proteins is conserved within the same subfamily. Based on the cis-acting regulatory element analysis, we identified many growth-, hormone-, and stress-responsive elements within the promoter regions of DREB. We further analyzed the expression pattern of four genes in the A2 subfamily in response to drought stress. We found that the expression of most of the LjDREB A2 subfamily genes, especially LjDREB2B, was induced by drought stress. We further generated LjDREB2B overexpression transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Under drought stress, the growth of wild-type (WT) and overexpressing LjDREB2B (OE) Arabidopsis lines was inhibited; however, OE plants showed better growth. The malondialdehyde content of LjDREB2B overexpressing lines was lower than that of the WT plants, whereas the proline content and antioxidant enzyme activities in the OE lines were significantly higher than those in the WT plants. Furthermore, after drought stress, the expression levels of AtP5CS1, AtP5CS2, AtRD29A, and AtRD29B in the OE lines were significantly higher than those in the WT plants. Conclusions Our results facilitate further functional analysis of L. japonicus DREB. LjDREB2B overexpression improves drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. These results indicate that DREB holds great potential for the genetic improvement of drought tolerance in L. japonicus.

Transparent photoresists with a high refractive index (RI) and high transmittance in visible wavelengths have promising functionalities in optical fields. This work reports a kind of tunable optical material composed of titanium dioxide nanoparticles embedded in acrylic resin with a high RI for ultraviolet (UV)-imprint lithography. The hybrid film exhibits a tunable RI of up to 1.67 (589 nm) after being cured by UV light, while maintaining both a high transparency of over 98% in the visible light range and a low haze of less than 0.05%. The precision machining of optical microstructures can be imprinted easily and efficiently using the hybrid resin, which acts as a light guide plate (LGP) to guide the light from the side to the top in order to conserve the energy of the display device. These preliminary studies based on both laboratory and commercial experiments pave the way for exploiting the unparalleled optical properties of nanocomposite resins and promoting their industrial application.

Abstract Objective To investigate the association between cumulative exposure to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in the young adulthood population. Methods Young adult subject (18-45 year old) from the Kailuan Study group who participated in the same period of follow-up and received carotid artery ultrasound were selected as the observation subjects. Among them, 3651 cases met the inclusion criteria, which required that carotid artery color ultrasound examinations be completed from 2010 to 2016, with complete IMT measurements, LDL-C data collected at least twice before carotid ultrasound, and participants’ age to be ≤ 45 years at the time of carotid artery color ultrasound examination. Linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between time-weighted average (TWA) to LDL-C cumulative exposure and IMT the young population. Logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of different TWA groups on IMT thickening. Considering that the use of anti hypertensive drugs and lipid-lowering drugs may affect TWA LDL-C, this study excluded people taking antihypertensive drugs and lipid-lowering drugs, and conducted a repeat analysis of the main results. Results There was a positive correlation between TWA LDL-C and IMT, with IMT increasing by 0.017 mm when TWA LDL-C increased by 1 mmol/L * year. The TWA LDL-C in the highest group was identified as a risk factor for IMT thickening, with odds ratio (OR) values of 1.812(1.027 ~ 3.200) in the T3 group. After excluding patients taking antihypertensive drugs and lipid-lowering drugs, the results still showed that the T3 group with the highest TWA LDL-C was a risk factor for IMT thickening, with an OR value of 1.850(0.988–3.464), P for trend is 0.043. Conclusion This cohort study revealed that TWA LDL-C is positively correlated with IMT in young adulthood for risk stratification, and control LDL-C levels at an earlier age may reduce the lifetime risk of developing atherosclerotic disease. Trial registration ChiCTR-TNC-11001489.

Abstract Background Previous observational studies have shown a bidirectional association between immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMID) and periodontal disease. However, evidence regarding the causal role of IMID and periodontal disease is still lacking. Therefore, we conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to uncover the potential genetic causal effects between IMID and periodontal disease. Methods Bidirectional two-sample MR analysis was employed. Data for ten IMIDs were sourced from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted by the FinnGen Consortium (range from 1023 to 36321 cases) and UK Biobank (UKB) (range from 150 to 17574 cases). Furthermore, GWAS data for periodontal disease were obtained from the FinnGen Consortium (87497 cases), UKB (458 cases), and Gene Lifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints (GLIDE) consortium (17,353 periodontitis cases). Subsequently, the causal relationships were analyzed by random effects inverse variance weighting, weighted median, and MR-Egger. Sensitivity analyses were performed using the Cochrane Q test, funnel plot, and Mr-Egger intercept test to ensure robustness. Eventually, replication analysis and meta-analysis across different databases were carried out. Results Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [IVW: OR = 1.079 (95% CI: 1.032–1.128) and P

Abstract This study aimed to explore the mediating effects of ADL and depression on the relationship between sleep quality and HRQOL among older people in rural China, while also exploring the moderating impact of loneliness. The study gathered data from a household survey conducted among 1587 Chinese rural older adults (mean age = 73.63 years). The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 software (IBM, New York, USA) and the PROCESS macro version 4.0 program. The findings indicated a significant correlation between sleep quality, ADL, depression, loneliness and HRQOL. ADL and depression exhibited a chain mediation effect on the relationship between sleep quality and HRQOL. Notably, the association between sleep quality and HRQOL was entirely mediated by ADL and depression. Additionally, loneliness acted as a moderator in the relationship between ADL and HRQOL. The findings of this study suggest that interventions focusing on sleep quality should prioritize strategies for enhancing older adults’ ADL and depression as integral components of promoting older adults’ HRQOL.

The complete intestinal structure is important to ensure the rapid and h ealthy growth of fish. However, the feed composition, aquaculture water environment, intestinal microbial population, and other factors may affect the intestinal health of fish. Intestinal health problems caused by feed ingredients are mainly due to the antinutrient factors contained in raw materials. Antinutritional factors contained in high-level soybean meal can cause oxidative damage to the intestine, thus, inducing soybean meal-induced enteritis (SBMIE), which leads to a decreased appetite and the slow growth of fish. Alleviating the damage of soybean meal to the fish intestinal tract and improving intestinal health through nutrition are essential methods for ensuring the sustainable development of the feed industry, which has significant ecological and economic significance.As a functional amino acid, arginine is a precursor to the synthesis of bioactive substances, such as urea, glutamic acid, creatine, proline, polyamine, and nitric oxide. Arginine modulates metabolic regulation, including growth, immunity, intestinal barrier, and endocrine regulation. It plays a vital role in the immune regulation, maintenance, and protection of the intestinal mucosal structure and function. It has been reported that arginine is beneficial for repairing intestinal mucosal injury in poultry and aquatic animals. In this study, the carnivorous marine economic fish Sebastes schlegelii (54.97±0.12) g were used to investigate the repair effect and mechanism of arginine on SBMIE. This study aimed to provide a scientific basis for the application of arginine for maintaining the intestinal health of fish and provide a reference for the application of plant protein to the compound feed of the carnivorous economic fish S. schlegelii.The purpose of this study was to investigate the repairing effects of arginine on the growth performance, arginine metabolism, intestinal structure, antioxidant performance, relative expression levels of intestinal tight junction protein genes (occludin, clnd15, and zo-1), and inflammatory factor-related genes (il-1β, il-8, il-15, and tlr8) and anti-inflammatory factor-related gene (il-12b) of S. schlegelii with SBMIE. S. schlegelii were fed high-level soybean meal (40%) for 28 days to induce SBMIE. SBMIE-S. schlegelii weighing (54.97±0.12) g were used as the study animals. Four isonitrogen and isoenergetic experimental feeds were formulated. The basic formula was supplemented with 30% soybean meal, arginine 0 supplementation as the control group (D0), and 1%, 2%, and 3% arginine supplementation as the treatment groups, named D1, D2, and D3, respectively. Each diet group had three replicates, and each replicate consisted of 40 fish. The fish were randomly placed in 12 homemade cages (60 cm × 60 cm × 90 cm). The experiment lasted for 6 weeks. The experimental fish were fed twice a day (08:00 and 17:00), with the initial feeding amount being 1% of the body weight, and the feeding amount being adjusted according to the feeding situation. During the experiment, the bottom of the cages was cleaned, and the water was changed every day to maintain the water temperature at 18~22 ℃, the dissolved oxygen at > 6 mg/L, the pH at 7.6~8.2, the ammonia nitrogen content at < 0.05 mg/L, and the nitrite nitrogen content at < 0.05 mg/L. The light cycle was the natural cycle. The results showed that the weight gain rate of the fish in the D2 and D3 groups was significantly higher than that in D0 group (P < 0.05). The hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indexes of the fish in the arginine treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the D0 group, and the condition factor was significantly higher than that in the D0 group (P < 0.05). There was no significant effect on the survival rate (P > 0.05). Diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, NO content, and iNOS activity values in the serum of the treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the D0 group (P < 0.05). The serum T-NOS activity in the D2 and D3 groups was significantly lower than that in the D0 group (P < 0.05). The duplicature height in the treatment groups was significantly higher than that in the D0 group, while no significant difference was found in the duplicature number and muscle thickness (P > 0.05). In group D0, the intestinal mucosa lamina propria widened, and the number of goblet cells increased, while in groups supplemented with arginine, the intestinal mucosa was intact, and the problems mentioned above improved significantly. Intestinal total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in arginine supplementation groups was significantly increased, and the highest value was found in group D2 (P < 0.05). The malondialdehyde content in groups D2 and D3 was decreased significantly compared to that in the D0 group (P < 0.05). The relative expression of occludin mRNA in each treatment group was significantly upregulated compared to that in the D0 group (P < 0.05). The relative expression level of clnd15 mRNA in the D2 group was significantly higher than that in the D0 and D1 groups (P < 0.05). The relative expression level of zo-1 mRNA in group D1 was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P < 0.05). The relative expression levels of IL-1β, IL-15, and TLR8 mRNA were downregulated in all treatment groups, while the relative expression of IL-12b mRNA was upregulated (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in IL-8 mRNA relative expression (P > 0.05). In conclusion, under the conditions of this experiment, the growth and antioxidant performances of S. schlegelii with SBMIE were significantly increased, arginine metabolism and the intestinal structure were improved significantly, and the relative expression of intestinal tight junction protein and anti-inflammatory factor-related genes was upregulated, while that of inflammatory factor-related genes was downregulated, with arginine supplementation in a high-level soybean meal diet. Arginine (2% best) was effective in repairing SBMIE of S. schlegelii. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the mechanism of repairing SBMIE with arginine.

Abstract Sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) regulates cancer cell invasion and is involved in the progression of many cancers. However, the role of SPAG5 in endometrial carcinoma (EC) is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of SPAG5 in EC and its potential molecular mechanism. The UALCAN tool and cBioPortal were used to analyze the expression and alterations of SPAG5 in EC, respectively. OncoLnc was used for survival analysis. We analyzed the effects of SPAG5 on immune cell infiltration and the expression levels of immune checkpoints. We also overexpressed and knocked down SPAG5 in EC cells to explore the effect of SPAG5 regulation on migration, invasion, apoptosis, and the cell cycle of EC cells. We found that SPAG5 was overexpressed and the SPAG5 gene was often mutated in EC. High SPAG5 expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival in patients with EC. SPAG5 also affected the level of immune cell infiltration in the TIME and the expression of immune checkpoints lymphocyte activating 3 (LAG3) and T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) in patients with EC. It may also be involved in the immunotherapy response in these patients. In vitro experiments showed that SPAG5 promotes cancer cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, this study lays the foundation for further understanding the molecular mechanisms of EC involving SPAG5 and contributes to diagnosing and managing this disease.

Abstract Background Beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in the brain parenchyma is a crucial initiating step in the amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Furthermore, dysfunction of plaque-associated microglia, also known as disease-associated microglia (DAM) has been reported to accelerate Aβ deposition and cognitive impairment. Our previous research demonstrated that intermittent hypoxia training (IHT) improved AD pathology by upregulating autophagy in DAM, thereby enhancing oligomeric Aβ (oAβ) clearance. Considering that oAβ internalization is the initial stage of oAβ clearance, this study focused on the IHT mechanism involved in upregulating Aβ uptake by DAM. Methods IHT was administered to 8-month-old APP/PS1 mice or 6-month-old microglial vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) knockout mice in APP/PS1 background (MG VPS35 KO: APP/PS1) for 28 days. After the IHT, the spatial learning-memory capacity of the mice was assessed. Additionally, AD pathology was determined by estimating the nerve fiber and synapse density, Aβ plaque deposition, and Aβ load in the brain. A model of Aβ-exposed microglia was constructed and treated with IHT to explore the related mechanism. Finally, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) intracellular recycling and Aβ internalization were measured using a fluorescence tracing technique. Results Our results showed that IHT ameliorated cognitive function and Aβ pathology. In particular, IHT enhanced Aβ endocytosis by augmenting the intracellular transport function of microglial TREM2, thereby contributing to Aβ clearance. Furthermore, IHT specifically upregulated VPS35 in DAM, the primary cause for the enhanced intracellular recycling of TREM2. IHT lost ameliorative effect on Aβ pathology in MG VPS35 KO: APP/PS1 mice brain. Lastly, the IHT mechanism of VPS35 upregulation in DAM was mediated by the transcriptional regulation of VPS35 by transcription factor EB (TFEB). Conclusion IHT enhances Aβ endocytosis in DAM by upregulating VPS35-dependent TREM2 recycling, thereby facilitating oAβ clearance and mitigation of Aβ pathology. Moreover, the transcriptional regulation of VPS35 by TFEB demonstrates a close link between endocytosis and autophagy in microglia. Our study further elucidates the IHT mechanism in improving AD pathology and provides evidence supporting the potential application of IHT as a complementary therapy for AD. Graphical abstract

Abstract The plant cell wall serves as a critical interface between the plant and its environment, offering protection against various stresses and contributing to biomass production. Hemicellulose is one of the major components of the cell wall, and understanding the transcriptional regulation of its production is essential to fully understanding cell wall formation. This study explores the regulatory mechanisms underlying one of the genes involved in hemicellulose biosynthesis, PtrPARVUS2. Six transcription factors (TFs) were identified from a xylem-biased library to negatively regulate PtrPARVUS2 expression. These TFs, belonging to diverse TF families, were confirmed to bind to specific cis-elements in the PtrPARVUS2 promoter region, as validated by Yeast One-Hybrid (Y1H) assays, transient expression analysis, and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) assays. Furthermore, motif analysis identified putative cis-regulatory elements bound by these TFs, shedding light on the transcriptional regulation of SCW biosynthesis genes. Notably, several TFs targeted genes encoding uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases (UGTs), crucial enzymes involved in hemicellulose glycosylation. Phylogenetic analysis of UGTs regulated by these TFs highlighted their diverse roles in modulating hemicellulose synthesis. Overall, this study identifies a set of TFs that regulate PARVUS2 in poplar, providing insights into the intricate coordination of TFs and PtrPARVUS2 in SCW formation. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms enhances our ability to engineer plant biomass for tailored applications, including biofuel production and bioproduct development.

Additive manufacturing, normally referred to as three-dimensional (3D) printing, has been maturing rapidly in recent years and widely utilized in various industrial fields, because it can create predesigned functional products with sophisticated structures that are basically difficult to achieve using traditional methods. Among all 3D printing technologies, vat photopolymerization has attracted much attention because of its outstanding advantages such as fast printing speed, high precision, and ease of formulating. In recent years, many breakthroughs in photopolymerization based 3D printing have been achieved by photoreaction design regarding photopolymerizable monomers, photoinitiating systems, inhibition functions, light sourcs, etc., but challenges remain. This Perspective attempts to highlight these great advances regarding the promotion of printing efficiency, accuracy, and sustainability. At the end, several challenges, such as longer-wavelength printing, printing of functional materials, and multimaterial printing, are discussed, which must be carefully addressed to meet the increasing requirements of future high-performance additive manufacturing.

Verticillium dahliae is a broad host-range pathogen that causes vascular wilt in plants. The Verticillium wilt disease severity assay on plants caused by V. dahliae mainly includes two methods, one is a plant disease grade classification based on disease severity statistics [namely the disease index (DI)], and the other is the V. dahliae biomass quantification in plants (namely the fungal biomass). In this study, the relationships of pathogenicity with the DI, pathogenicity with the biomass, and the correlation analysis of the DI and relative fungal biomass were analysed. The results showed that pathogenicity assessment of V. dahliae strains using the DI method was able to give an intuitive reflection of the pathogenic ability for defoliating and non-defoliating strains; moreover, the method of quantitative PCR for fungal biomass also had high repeatability and stability. As a whole, the correlation coefficient between the DI and fungal biomass values of 28 strains was 0.728, indicating that the two data sets were highly correlated; however, the correlation coefficients of the defoliating strains and non-defoliating strains were only 0.5384 and 0.4547, respectively. In conclusion, the correlation coefficient between the DI and the fungal biomass presented high consistency, which could provide some meaningful exploration for the more accurate pathogenicity identification of V. dahliae.

Abstract The Ae. albopictus mosquito has gained global attention due to its ability to transmit viruses, including the dengue and zika. Mosquito control is the only effective way to manage dengue fever, as no effective treatments or vaccines are available. Insecticides are highly effective in controlling mosquito densities, which reduces the chances of virus transmission. However, Ae. albopictus has developed resistance to pyrethroids in several provinces in China. Pyrethroids target the voltage-gated sodium channel gene (VGSC), and mutations in this gene may result in knockdown resistance (kdr). Correlation studies between resistance and mutations can assist viruses in managing Ae. albopictus, which has not been studied in Guizhou province. Nine field populations of Ae. albopictus at the larval stage were collected from Guizhou Province in 2022 and reared to F1 to F2 generations. Resistance bioassays were conducted against permethrin, beta-cypermethrin, and deltamethrin for both larvae and adults of Ae. albopictus. Kdr mutations were characterized by PCR and sequencing. Additionally, the correlation between the kdr allele and pyrethroid resistance was analyzed. All nine populations of Ae. albopictus larvae and adults were found to be resistant to three pyrethroid insecticides. One kdr mutant allele at codon 1016, one at 1532 and three at 1534 were identified with frequencies of 13.86% (V1016G), 0.53% (I1532T), 58.02% (F1534S), 11.69% (F1534C), 0.06% (F1534L) and 0.99% (F1534P), respectively. Both V1016G and F1534S mutation mosquitoes were found in all populations. The kdr mutation F1534S was positively correlated with three pyrethroid resistance phenotypes (OR > 1, P 1, P 1, P

Abstract Background Although CDKN2A alteration has been explored as a favorable factor for tumorigenesis in pan-cancers, the association between CDKN2A point mutation (MUT) and intragenic deletion (DEL) and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is still disputed. This study aims to determine the associations of CDKN2A MUT and DEL with overall survival (OS) and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment (ICIs) among pan-cancers and the clinical features of CDKN2A-altered gastric cancer. Methods This study included 45,000 tumor patients that underwent tumor sequencing across 33 cancer types from four cohorts, the MSK-MetTropism, MSK-IMPACT, OrigiMed2020 and TCGA cohorts. Clinical outcomes and genomic factors associated with response to ICIs, including tumor mutational burden, copy number alteration, neoantigen load, microsatellite instability, tumor immune microenvironment and immune-related gene signatures, were collected in pan-cancer. Clinicopathologic features and outcomes were assessed in gastric cancer. Patients were grouped based on the presence of CDKN2A wild type (WT), CDKN2A MUT, CDKN2A DEL and CDKN2A other alteration (ALT). Results Our research showed that CDKN2A-MUT patients had shorter survival times than CDKN2A-WT patients in the MSK MetTropism and TCGA cohorts, but longer OS in the MSK-IMPACT cohort with ICIs treatment, particularly in patients having metastatic disease. Similar results were observed among pan-cancer patients with CDKN2A DEL and other ALT. Notably, CDKN2A ALT frequency was positively related to tumor-specific objective response rates to ICIs in MSK MetTropism and OrigiMed 2020. Additionally, individuals with esophageal carcinoma or stomach adenocarcinoma who had CDKN2A MUT had poorer OS than patients from the MSK-IMPACT group, but not those with adenocarcinoma. We also found reduced levels of activated NK cells, T cells CD8 and M2 macrophages in tumor tissue from CDKN2A-MUT or DEL pan-cancer patients compared to CDKN2A-WT patients in TCGA cohort. Gastric cancer scRNA-seq data also showed that CDKN2A-ALT cancer contained less CD8 T cells but more exhausted T cells than CDKN2A-WT cancer. A crucial finding of the pathway analysis was the inhibition of three immune-related pathways in the CDKN2A ALT gastric cancer patients, including the interferon alpha response, inflammatory response, and interferon gamma response. Conclusions This study illustrates the CDKN2A MUT and DEL were associated with a poor outcome across cancers. CDKN2A ALT, on the other hand, have the potential to be used as a biomarker for choosing patients for ICI treatment, notably in esophageal carcinoma and stomach adenocarcinoma.