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Human-caused anthropogenic greenhouse emissions impact the climate globally. In this pilot study, we aim to reveal the influence of hydrocarbon emissions on pine forests by applying a stable carbon isotope analysis in pine tree rings (δ13Cptrw). Our study was conducted in an industrial giant oil field reservoir (UVRT) and natural reserve (Raifa) sites, the Tatarstan Republic, Russia. Our results show a decreasing δ13Cptrw at the UVRT site in 1943, when oil extraction started, and in 1970, when it reached maximum production. We found that the δ13Cptrw from UVRT indicates developing unfavourable drier conditions and a suppressed tree growth caused by both human-induced oil and deposit infrastructures and natural processes compared to the undisturbed Raifa site. A 5-year running correlation analysis showed a significant difference between the sites in 1965 over the period of 1930 to 2021. The δ13Cptrw values from Raifa are more negative compared to UVRT, which can be explained by a higher forest sensitivity to human-induced impacts. From an eco-physiological point of view, the decreasing of intercellular (ci)-to-ambient (ca) CO2 concentration ratios at the leaf level and the increasing of intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) along with a decreasing of tree-ring widths at the UVRT site (1970–2021) indicate the development of drought conditions.

Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan mengenai pemasaran produk melalui media sosial dan pertolongan pertama pada kecelakaan kerja. Pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan action research di mana mitra terlibat dalam menentukan masalah prioritas yang dipecahkan serta bagaimana cara memecahkannya. Pengabdian dilakukan melalui program pendampingan dan pelatihan fotografi dasar, pengelolaan Instagram sebagai media promosi, serta pelatihan perawatan luka sayat sesuai risiko bidang pekerjaan. Didapatkan hasil tercapainya indikator: (1) mitra mengetahui teknik fotografi produk dasar, pemasaran online melalui Instagram, dan memiliki akun Instagram; serta (2) terampil melakukan perawatan luka. Pelatihan yang dilakukan dinyatakan bermanfaat bagi mitra untuk meningkatkan pemasaran melalui media sosial dan keterampilan dalam kesehatan kerja. Hasil pelatihan diharapkan dapat terus diterapkan untuk meningkatkan penjualan dan menjaga produktivitas mitra. Abstract. Behavior customer shifting and technology require changes in the methods of marketing of creative industrial products. Furthermore, occupational safety and health are crucial to maintaining worker productivity. The situation of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises partner for rattan handicrafts in Sendangarum Village, Minggir, Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region was that marketing was still conventional and unfamiliar with occupational safety and health. This community service aims to increase knowledge and skills regarding product marketing through social media and first aid in work accidents. Community service was carried out using an action research approach where partners were involved in determining priority problems to be solved and how to solve them. Thi community service was carried out through mentoring programs and basic photography training, managing Instagram as a promotional medium, and training in wound care according to the risks of the field of work. The results of the achievement of indicators: (1) partners know and can conduct basic product photography techniques, online marketing through Instagram, and have an Instagram account; and (2) skilled in wound care. The training carried out is beneficial for partners to improve marketing through social media and skills in occupational health. The training results are expected to continue to be applied in increasing sales and maintaining partner productivity.

Carbonate rocks have a wide variety of pore shapes and different types of grains, which greatly affect the elastic properties and characteristics of the reservoir. This causes certain difficulties in petroelastic modeling. One of the problems is the scale of the input data, which is then used to build the rock physics model. The paper presents the results of studying three core samples of carbonate rocks of the Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous age, which are located in the South Tatar arch (Volga-Ural oil and gas basin (Russia)). To evaluate the structural characteristics of the pore space, the effective medium theory is used. The input data are the results of laboratory studies that include measurements of the velocities of longitudinal and transverse waves, porosity, and thin section and computed tomography analysis. When using the computed tomography, the core samples are analyzed at different resolution (12–37 µm/voxel). The tomography studies of pore space at different scales provide rather different values of porosity and pore aspect ratio. The tomography-based porosity estimations also differ from the experimentally measured porosity (up to 10%). The pore space characteristics provided by different datasets are used to build a rock physics model for the studied rocks that helps to estimate the elastic wave velocities with three different methods of effective medium theory (self-consistent approximation, differential effective medium (DEM), and the Kuster–Toksöz method). A comparison of the velocity estimations with their experimental analogs for dry rocks may indicate the presence of microcracks whose size is beyond the tomography resolution. Improved rock physics models incorporating both pores and microcracks are then used to predict the elastic wave velocities of fluid-saturated rock in a wide porosity range. It is demonstrated that the predicted values significantly differ (up to 30%) from those provided by the rock physics (RP) models constructed without the support of the tomography results. Moreover, other types of models are considered in which the difference in experimental and theoretical velocities is attributed to changes in the host matrix properties as compared to the calcite polycrystal, which are caused by various reasons.

Background/aims: This study aimed to evaluate the real-life efficacy and tolerability of direct-acting antiviral treatments for patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with/without cirrhosis in the Turkish population., Material and Methods: A total of 4,352 patients with CHC from 36 different institutions in Turkey were enrolled. They received ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SOF)±ribavirin (RBV) orombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir±dasabuvir (PrOD)±RBV for 12 or 24 weeks. Sustained virologic response (SVR) rates, factors affecting SVR, safety profile, and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) occurrence were analyzed., Results: SVR12 was achieved in 92.8% of the patients (4,040/4,352) according to intention-to-treat and in 98.3% of the patients (4,040/4,108) according to per-protocol analysis. The SVR12 rates were similar between the treatment regimens (97.2%-100%) and genotypes (95.6%-100%). Patients achieving SVR showed a significant decrease in the mean serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (50.90±54.60 U/L to 17.00±14.50 U/L) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores (7.51±4.54 to 7.32±3.40) (p<0.05). Of the patients, 2 were diagnosed with HCC during the treatment and 14 were diagnosed with HCC 37.0±16.0 weeks post-treatment. Higher initial MELD score (odds ratio [OR]: 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-2.38; p=0.023]), higher hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.31-2.28; p=0.038), and higher serum ALT levels (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.21-1.83; p=0.042) were associated with poor SVR12. The most common adverse events were fatigue (12.6%), pruritis (7.3%), increased serum ALT (4.7%) and bilirubin (3.8%) levels, and anemia (3.1%)., Conclusion: LDV/SOF or PrOD±RBV were effective and tolerable treatments for patients with CHC and with or without advanced liver disease before and after liver transplantation. Although HCV eradication improves the liver function, there is a risk of developing HCC.

Background/aims: Ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SOF) as single-tablet regimen (STR) has been approved for treatment of chronic HCV infection (CHC) for treatment-naïve or experienced cirrhotic or non-cirrhotic patients. Our aim was to analyse the effectiveness and safety of 12-24 weeks treatment of LDV/SOF (90mg/400 mg)±ribavirin in a real-life setting in Turkey., Materials and Methods: Between May-Dec 2016, 104 treatment-naïve or experienced adult patients with CHC and with or without cirrhosis (including decompensated cirrhosis) were included in this observational study. Patients were administered LDV/SOF STR± ribavirin once daily for 12 -24 weeks. SVR12 rates and effects of the baseline characteristics on SVR12 rates were assessed., Results: Out of 104 enrolled patients (61.5% female, mean age 62.0 years); 60.6% were cirrhotic, 76.0% previously used peg-IFN, 94.2% had GT1. At the end of the treatment, 77.8% (77/99, no data for 21 patients) had undetectable HCV-RNA and 98.9% (94/95) had SVR12. In the baseline characteristics subgroups, the SVR12 rates varied between 94.4% and 100%, and none of the baseline characteristics had a significant effect on the SVR12 rates. During the study, 6 (5.8%) patients died and none of the deaths was suspected to be related to the LDV/SOF. No treatment-emergent adverse event was reported., Conclusion: In conclusion, LDV/SOF±ribavirin yielded very high SVR12 rates, without any safety or tolerability concern in Turkey. The effectiveness of the LDV/SOF treatment was not affected by the patient demographics or medical characteristics such as fibrosis level, cirrhosis status, previous treatment status, HCV-RNA level or HCV genotype.

Background/aims: This study aimed to compare the causes of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGB), demographics, risk factors, and outcomes of patients during two periods between 1993 and 2016 in a tertiary health-care center in Turkey., Materials and Methods: We compared the causes of NVUGB and clinical outcomes in 421 patients hospitalized between January 1993 and December 1995 with those of 231 patients with NVUGB hospitalized between January 2015 and September 2016. We also compared epidemiological characteristics, risk factors, and the rates of endoscopic hemostatic procedures., Results: We observed significant increases in patients' mean age, in the percentage of patients with comorbid conditions, and in the percentage of patients who received direct-acting oral anticoagulants before bleeding. We also observed a statistically nonsignificant increase in the diagnoses of gastric ulcer, along with a significant concordant decrease in diagnoses of duodenal ulcer as a cause of bleeding. The use of emergency surgical hemostasis decreased among cases of peptic ulcer bleeding. The overall rate of mortality from bleeding did not significantly change between the two periods., Conclusion: Over the 23 years studied, the causes of NVUGB changed, probably because the population was increasingly elderly population and because of the use of anticoagulants and better therapeutic approaches to chronic duodenal ulcers. The use of emergency surgical hemostasis reduced, but mortality rate did not significantly change between the two specific periods.

Background/aims: The Social Security System of our country reimburses only paritaprevir, ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir (PrOD) regime in treatment-naive patients with hepatitis C regardless of kidney disease. Most of our renal transplant (RT) recipients were treated with PrOD. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of PrOD in RT patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in a single center real-life experience., Materials and Methods: RT recipients with a post-transplant follow-up of at least 1 year were included in the study. The patients were treated and monitored according to the guidelines. Blood levels of immunosuppressive patients were closely followed up and adjusted., Results: A total of 21 (12 male and nine female) patients were assessed. The age of the patients was 50.8±8.5 years. Ten patients were infected with G1a, 10 patients with G1b, and one patient with G4 HCV. Two patients had compensated cirrhosis. Eighteen patients were treatment-naive, and three were peginterferon+ribavirin-experienced. Sustained virologic response (SVR12) was achieved in all patients. None of the patients discontinued the treatment. Cyclosporine (Csa) and tacrolimus (Tac) doses were reduced to once a day to once a week to maintain the blood level within normal range. The most common adverse effect was anemia in patients receiving ribavirin. Renal functions did not change during the treatment period., Conclusion: In this real-life experience, all of the 21 PrOD-treated RT recipients reached SVR12. Tac or Csa serum levels were maintained within the normal range with close monitoring. PrOD regime can be successfully and safely used in RT recipients with HCV infection with close follow-up.