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The insulin -23Hph and IGF2 Apa polymorphisms were genotyped in Romanian patients with T1DM (n = 204), T2DM (n = 215) or obesity (n = 200) and normoponderal healthy subjects (n = 750). The genotypes of both polymorphisms were distributed in concordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all groups. The -23Hph AA genotype increased the risk for T1DM (OR: 3.22, 95%CI: 2.09-4.98, p < 0,0001), especially in patients without macroalbuminuria (OR: 4.32, 95%CI: 2.54-7.45, p < 0,0001). No other significant association between the alleles or genotypes of insulin -23Hph and IGF2 Apa and diabetes or obesity was identified.

The present study investigated the possible involvement of stress in the aetiopathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus by using three different approaches: the role of chronic and subacute stress, assessed by a clinical interview in 300 newly discovered diabetic patients: the role of acute stress, by analysing the incidence of diabetes mellitus in connection with the earthquake of 4 March 1977; and investigating the autonomic reactivity of patients in whom stress was or was not involved in the onset of diabetes. The results showed: a chronic psychosocial stress was encountered in 44 per cent of 300 newly discovered type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: the number of newly registered diabetic cases was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the month of May in 1977 (two months after the earthquake) as against the years preceding (1976) or following (1978) the earthquake, an autonomic hypereactivity was found in the patients in whom stress was involved in the onset of diabetes as against the controls or diabetics in whom this factor was not involved in the onset of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts on medical topics, which include such studies as the effects of reimbursement policy on treatment with insulin analogues, the adherence and persistence to insulin therapy among insulin-naive Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes, and the association of glucometric excursion rates with length of stay and total costs in a community hospital setting.

The article presents abstracts of published studies on insulin signaling and insulin action that include "Acute Induction of Insulin Resistance with Glucosamine Infusion Increase Pancreatic Islet Blood Flow in Anesthetized Rats" by Xiang Gao, et al., "Insulin Glargine Does Not Exhibit Carcinogenicity in Rodents: Review of Safety Studies" by Ingo Stammberger, and "Adipocyte Differentiation Is Affected by Media Volume" by Xia Sheng and Steven D. Mittelman.

This section presents abstracts of papers related to diabetes including "Mild Mitochondrial Dysfunction Increases Type I Diabetic Renal and Cardiac Damage," "PDGFR-Β Deletion Improves Diabetic Nephropathy in CaM Kinase IIα (Thr286Asp) Transgenic Mice," and "Increased Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase and Its Ligand in Glycoxidized-LDL-Induced Mesangial Cells and Diabetic Kidney."

Background/Aims: The antiatherosclerotic enzyme paraoxonase (PON1) is affected by disease and lifestyle. We investigated the impact of diet in diabetic foot patients from 2 European countries. Methods: Dietary intake and serum PON1 activity, using as substrate paraoxon (paraoxonase) or phenylacetate (arylesterase), were assessed in patients from Bucharest (n = 40) and Antwerp (n = 30) and in 34 healthy controls. Results: The diabetic patients had lower paraoxonase and arylesterase activities than the controls. Arylesterase was lowest in the Bucharest patients, 116 ± 42 U/ml, versus 141 ± 43 and 184 ± 49 U/ml in the Antwerp patients and controls, respectively (p < 0.0005). The Bucharest patients had worse glycemic control, higher blood pressure, lower HDL cholesterol and a diet richer in cholesterol and poorer in monounsaturated fats and fish. In contrast, their median intake of vitamins E and C, folic acid and flavonoids was higher, 82 mg (range: 4–259 mg), versus 28 mg (range: 5–169 mg) aglycone units in Antwerp (p = 0.005). Flavonoid intake predicted arylesterase independently of HDL cholesterol, region and sex (β = 0.27; p = 0.03), and patients with high intake achieved normal levels of arylesterase (30.1 ± 10.0 U/μmol in the highest versus 21.0 ± 8.2 U/μmol total cholesterol in the lowest tertile; p = 0.02). Conclusion: A flavonoid-rich diet is positively associated with PON1 arylesterase activity in diabetic foot patients. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article presents abstracts of research related to neuropathy and diabetes which include the use of nutrinerve in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy, cardiac autonomic dysfunction and chronic peripheral neuropathy in postmenopausal diabetic women, and the effect of estrogen-progestin replacement therapy on nerve function in postmenopausal women with peripheral diabetic neuropathy.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in combination with the thiazolidinedione (TZD) pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: This was a 24-week, multicentre, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study comparing the effects of vildagliptin (50 or 100 mg daily) with placebo as an add-on therapy to pioglitazone (45 mg daily) in 463 patients with T2DM inadequately controlled by prior TZD monotherapy. Between-treatment comparisons of efficacy parameters were made by analysis of covariance model. Results: The adjusted mean change (AMΔ) in haemoglobin A1c from baseline to endpoint was −0.8 ± 0.1% (p = 0.001 vs. placebo) and −1.0 ± 0.1% (p < 0.001 vs. placebo), respectively, in patients receiving vildagliptin 50 or 100 mg daily. Relative to baseline, vildagliptin added to pioglitazone also reduced fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (AMΔ FPG =−0.8 ± 0.2 mmol/l and −1.1 ± 0.2 mmol/l; not significant (NS) vs. placebo) and postprandial glucose (PPG) [AMΔ PPG =−1.9 ± 0.6 mmol/l and −2.6 ± 0.6 mmol/l (p = 0.008 vs. placebo)] for 50 and 100 mg daily respectively. Relative to placebo, both doses of vildagliptin significantly increased the insulin secretory rate/glucose by more than threefold. The overall incidence of adverse events (AEs) was 55.5, 50.0 and 48.7% in patients receiving vildagliptin 50 mg, 100 mg daily or placebo respectively. Serious AEs were experienced by 6.8, 1.3 and 5.7% of patients receiving vildagliptin 50 mg, 100 mg daily or placebo respectively. Mild hypoglycaemia was reported by 0, 0.6 and 1.9% of patients, respectively, receiving vildagliptin 50 mg, 100 mg daily or placebo. Conclusion: Vildagliptin is effective and well tolerated when added to a maximum dose of pioglitazone, without increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the abstracts of published studies to be presented at the 63rd Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association. Glucose monitoring and sensing; Pharmacologic treatment of diabetes or its complications; Macrovascular complications of diabetes.

The article presents abstracts of studies related to liver and diabetes, which include the use of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approach to evaluate lipid pathways, including de novo synthesis, chain elongation and desaturation, and the association of liver fibrosis with cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic hepatitis C (CHC).

An abstract of the article "Role of L-Carnitine on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy and Mitochondrial Function," by Ileana Terruzzi and colleagues is presented.

This section presents a list of authors of studies on obesity and cites conflict of interest information, including Alyssa Hasty, Marnie Gruen, and Dario Gutierrez.

A list of poster presentations is presented, including topics on regulation of gene expression, metabolism, and signal transduction.