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Crisismanship performance is an acid test of governance. Legitimate policies can significantly contribute to the crisismanship performance because they can ensure the willing obedience of public stakeholders and citizens. Therefore, a key research question is how a government can frame crises and pertinent policies to ensure its legitimacy and crisismanship performance? To legitimate policies, this study proposes a contingent model which is based on matching the legitimation strategies (i.e., input, throughput, and output) with different types of value decisions involved in a crisis (i.e., taboo, routine, and tragic trade-offs). This study provides three main propositions. First, in the most salient crises, characterized by taboo trade-offs, the vital role of the input legitimacy (i.e., the responsiveness of a government) can rule out the throughput (i.e., the quality of policy-making process) and the output legitimacy (i.e., the quality of policy outcome). Second, regarding the moderately salient crises, characterized by tragic trade-offs, the throughput legitimacy plays a significant role in determining the crisismanship performance. Finally, in the least salient crises, characterized by routine trade-offs, the output legitimacy can make up for the lack of input and throughput legitimacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over recent years, policy change explanation has grown into a topic of interest among scholars. Accordingly, various frameworks, theories, and models have been introduced to explain policy change through proposing different causal mechanisms to clarify policy change not necessarily aligned. This paper aimed to investigate the Act of Goals, Functions, and Structure of the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology (MSRT) in Iran as an important and radical policy change in the fields of science, research, and technology (SRT). Moreover, there were attempts to identify causes of policy change. This paper had contributions to practitioners and researchers studying in the fields of SRT as well as those involved in promoting policy change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prerequisite of developing countries' economic growth is to move along the technological development trajectory through technological learning, and large firms as hubs of technological knowledge, play an important role in this transition. In this paper, we tried to bridge two main taxonomies in the field of technological development, one of them referring to taxonomies of firms, and the other one referring to technological learning processes. We have identified technological learning processes in several post catch-up large firms through content analysis and then by employing a survey approach, we explore technological learning processes of Iranian large firms. The results indicate that as per scale-intensive firms in Iran, learning by doing, learning by using, learning by interacting and learning from spillovers are respectively the most important technological learning processes. Regarding large science-based firms, learning by searching, learning by interacting and learning from spillovers are the key learning processes. Finally, these results have been compared with those of post catch-up large firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]